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Yoga Darshana (योगदर्शनम्) (view source)
Revision as of 17:48, 21 November 2022
, 17:48, 21 November 2022→Yoga and Positive Psychology: Adding content with reference - to be edited
Yamas are social codes or principles of self-control within social situations. They provide a background for a theoretical framework linking experiential practice of Yoga to spirituality and ethics at workplace by harmonizing and deepening social connections according to Corner (2009). She advocates for employing Yoga based practices including Yama and Niyama to provide experiential foundation for building knowledge alongside more positivist ways of knowing. Such an approach is likely to yield novel insights about the relationships between spirituality and ethical behavior at workplace and beyond.
Yamas are social codes or principles of self-control within social situations. They provide a background for a theoretical framework linking experiential practice of Yoga to spirituality and ethics at workplace by harmonizing and deepening social connections according to Corner (2009). She advocates for employing Yoga based practices including Yama and Niyama to provide experiential foundation for building knowledge alongside more positivist ways of knowing. Such an approach is likely to yield novel insights about the relationships between spirituality and ethical behavior at workplace and beyond.
In “The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali” cultivating ‘citta prasadanam’ is considered a task of great importance. Citta may be translated as “that which is conscious,” “ordinary consciousness” or “the act of mental apprehension”; and prasadanam may be translated as “happiness” “filled with grace,” “joyfulness”. Yoga Sutra (Aphorism on Yoga) teach that Chittaprasadm is cultivated by practicing Maitri- universal friendship, Karun-compassion, Mudita- happiness for others and Upeksha- indifference. For the interpersonal interaction matri, karun, mudita and upeksha are considered as the ideal.<ref>Pandey A. (2022), [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362889666_Chapter_2_Human_Self_Work_and_of_Human_Being_Indian_Worldview_and_Implications_for_Management_Practices_and_Scholarship Human Self, Work and of Human Being: Indian Worldview and Implications for Management Practices and Scholarship], Indigenous Indian Management, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.</ref>
In “The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali” cultivating ‘citta prasadanam’ is considered a task of great importance. Citta may be translated as “that which is conscious,” “ordinary consciousness” or “the act of mental apprehension”; and prasadanam may be translated as “happiness” “filled with grace,” “joyfulness”. Yoga Sutra (Aphorism on Yoga) teach that Chittaprasadm is cultivated by practicing Maitri- universal friendship, Karun-compassion, Mudita- happiness for others and Upeksha- indifference. For the interpersonal interaction matri, karun, mudita and upeksha are considered as the ideal.<ref name=":2">Pandey A. (2022), [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362889666_Chapter_2_Human_Self_Work_and_of_Human_Being_Indian_Worldview_and_Implications_for_Management_Practices_and_Scholarship Human Self, Work and of Human Being: Indian Worldview and Implications for Management Practices and Scholarship], Indigenous Indian Management, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.</ref>
Health and Well-being
The self includes the Physical, Mental, Emotional, Intellectual and Spiritual components. And the lack of diseases and positive approach towards the overall quality of life at every level of the Self is referred to as health.<ref name=":3">Ashish Pandey (2022), Lecture Presentation on Yoga and Positive Psychology for Managing Career and Life (Session 7 - Health and Well-being in Positive Psychology: Aspects of Yoga - An Indian Tradition).</ref>
Yoga conceives human existence in the form of sheaths or Koshas. The outermost sheath is called the annamaya kosha, the physical body or sthūla-śarīra (the gross body). The next three layers are called sheath of vitality (prāṇamaya kośha), the sheath of emotions, thoughts and behavioral intentions (manomaya kosha) and the sheath of ratiocination (vijnānamaya kosha). These three bodies together constitute what is called the “subtle body” (sūkṣma-śarīra).<ref name=":2" />
According to Yoga Darshana, the fivefold pyschological afflictions (kleshas) namely, avidya (ignorance of the ultimate reality), asmita (egoism, a false sense of identification), raga (attachment), dvesha (aversion) and abhinivesha (clinging on to the fear of the unknown) are the primary causes of disturbing mental equilibrium that leads to a state of non-health or Vyadhi that is the opposite of Samadhi.
In modern times, the diseases known as Psychosomatic disorders are also known to originate from the mind. They then filter to the subtle energy of the body called the vital life-force and then slowly settle in the physical body, resulting in damage to the weakest organ, affecting the physiology and the functioning of those organs. These Psychosomatic disorders in their four phases affect the Panchakoshas.
# Psychic Phase characterised by Persistent psychological and behavioral symptoms of stress such as irritability and disturbed sleep affects the Vijanamaya and Manomaya koshas
# Psychosomatic phase characterised by generalized physiological symptoms such as hypertension and tremors affects the Manomaya and Pranamaya koshas
# Somatic phase characterised by the malfunction of organs affects the Pranamaya and Annamaya koshas.
# Organic phase characterised by physiological changes such as ulcerated stomach or chronic hypertension, becoming manifest in totality affects the Annamaya kosha.
And as a result of this association discovered between the psychosomatic disorders and the Five Koshas of human existence, Yoga as a mind-body therapy becomes effective in all the phases enumerated here.
FACTORS TO ENHANCE WELL-BEING
Yoga places great importance on a proper and healthy lifestyle whose main components are Achara (Healthy activities on a regular basis. E.g. exercise.), Vichara (Right thoughts and attitudes towards life.), Ahara (Healthy and nourishing diet), Vihara (Proper recreational activities to relax the mind and body. E.g. pursuing hobbies) and Vishranti (Rest or mental peace. E.g. sleep peacefully).<ref name=":3" />
The elements of Yoga are very much related to concepts that have received theoretical and research attention in Positive Psychology. For example, Yama and Niyama are characterised by self-control, self-discipline and self- awareness and could be viewed as related to the positive psychology concept of flow, i.e., of being entirely engaged and involved in the moment.<ref>Ivtzan I. & Papantoniou A. (2014), [https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1360859213001873?token=90BF1B89C3B2E24C18A35CA0EA4712A461455FCB31DEB20599D377C7908A35A178E4D284859E2FC2ECB5A7B02470A386&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20221121104426 Yoga meets positive psychology: Examining the integration of hedonic (gratitude) and eudaimonic (meaning) wellbeing in relation to the extent of yoga practice], Journal of bodywork and movement therapies.</ref>
How Yoga Completes Positive Psychology ?
Yoga provides Physio-psychological, Ethico-moral and Psycho-Spiritual understanding and experience.
Ways of Attaining Well-being include: Tattvabodha, Indriyajaya, dharmakriya and Sukhayu hitayu.
How to enhance Indriyajaya?
Yam and Niyam are the ways of attaining IndriyaJaya, DharmyahKriya, SukhayuHitayu
Yoga practices lead to TattvaBodh which is the foundational element of happiness.<ref>Ashish Pandey (2022), Lecture Presentation on Yoga and Positive Psychology for Managing Career and Life (Session 9 - Way of Attaining Wellbeing in Yogic Perspective).</ref>
== संहृतिः ॥ Synopsis ==
== संहृतिः ॥ Synopsis ==
Upanishads say that the natural state of humans is the state of silence where the mind stops chattering. That is the state free of all thoughts or a state of peace. Such peace is important especially for all those who
Upanishads say that the natural state of humans is the state of silence where the mind stops chattering. That is the state free of all thoughts or a state of peace. Such peace is important especially for all those who