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Line 33: − After taking two undamaged leaf-buds from the easterly and northerly branches of a banyan tree grown in a common place and putting them in curd along with two excellent black gram or white mustard seeds, it should be given to the woman to drink in pusya star. + + + + + + + + − Similarly, the paste of jivaka, rsabhaka, apamarga and saireyaka– collectively or individually as required, added with milk; or putting a kudyakitaka (a type of insect) or matsayka (a small fish) in a handful of water should be given to drink in pusya star. Four drugs viz. Lakshmana (Pomoea sepiaria Roxb.) Vatangura (Cicus bengalensis( Linn.) Sahadeva or Vishvadeva (Vernonia cinerea Less.) are administered as (nasal insufflations) after crushing with milk. Three to four drops of the medicine is instilled in either of the nostril of the lady who is desirous of begetting a healthy progeny. <ref>Shailaja U et. al. Principles and practice of Pumsavana Karma. Joinsysmed 2016, vol 4(3), pp 161-164</ref> + − − Other preparations are also mentioned such as paste or solution of two young healthy undamaged clean leaf buds of banyan tree, two excellent black gram and powder of two white mustard seeds are crushed and mixed in curd and is to be taken on Pushya Nakshatra. Ksheerapaka of Jivaka (Icrostylis wallichi Lindl.), Rishabhaka (Icros - tylis muscifera Lindl.), Apamarga (Chyran-thes aspera Ridl.), Saireyaka (Arleria prionitis L.) and drinking of milk, curd − − Small and fire-colored man-shaped pieces of gold, silver or iron put in curd, milk or handful of water should be taken wholly in pusya star. solution made by heating the metallic (silver, gold or iron) image of beloved man and dipping it in milk, curd or water, on tar is also said to give desired healthy progeny to the conceived woman. − − In the pusya star itself, she should inhale the steam coming from the preparation of sali rice while being cooked. She should also use a drop with a cotton swab in the right nostril of the liquid made of the flour mixed with water and put on the threshold. − − Whatever useful measure for pumsavana is suggested by Brahmanas or reliable ladies, they should also be applied. Thus the measures for pumsavana are said.” − −
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=== Ayurveda ===
=== Ayurveda ===
Ayurveda acharyas have expounded a detailed procedure of Pumsavana. Instillation of certain herbs or herbal mixtures via oral or nasal route to perform pumsavana has ben suggested. These procedures are called as pumsavana samskara or pumsavaan vidhi. Specific time during pregnancy, time and day in a month according to the constellation has also been advised to perform this vidhi. <ref name=":1">Charaka Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 8) </ref> <ref name=":2">Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3)</ref> Pumsavana is to be performed pnce the pregnancy is confirmed and thus samskara can be included under Garbha-samskaras or [[Suprajanana Samskara (सुप्रजनन संस्कारः)|Suprajanana Samskaras]]. Ayurveda scholars had identified that constitutional characteristics of male and female gamets (ovum and semen), day of sexual union, diet of male and female partners have considerable impact on the sex/gender of the fetus but at the same time certain procedures can also alter the sex/gender of the fetus if performed in a prescribed manner.
Ayurveda acharyas have expounded a detailed procedure of Pumsavana. Instillation of certain herbs or herbal mixtures via oral or nasal route has ben suggested to perform pumsavana. These procedures are called as pumsavana samskara or pumsavana vidhi. Specific time during pregnancy, time and day in a month according to the constellation has also been advised to perform this vidhi. <ref name=":1">Charaka Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 8) </ref> <ref name=":2">Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 3)</ref> Pumsavana is to be performed once the pregnancy is confirmed and thus this samskara can be included under Garbha-samskaras or [[Suprajanana Samskara (सुप्रजनन संस्कारः)|Suprajanana Samskaras]]. Ayurveda scholars had identified that constitutional characteristics of male and female gamets (ovum and semen), day of sexual union, diet of male and female partners have considerable impact on the sex/gender determination of the fetus but at the same time, certain procedures can also alter the sex/gender of the fetus if performed in a prescribed manner. These are described under Punmsavana.
==== Time to perform Pumsavana ====
==== Time to perform Pumsavana ====
The procedure include following different methods,
The procedure include following different methods,
* Curd along with two good quality black gram or white mustard seeds and two undamaged tender leaf-buds/root caps of a banyan tree should be mixed and made into uniform paste like mixture. The banayan tree selected to take its root caps should have grown in a common place. The paste/fluid mixture is to be put in pregnant woman's right nostril on the day having pushya constellation. For female baby the mixture can be put into the other nostril.
* Other herbal mixtures:
** The paste of herbs namely jivaka(Icrostylis wallichi Lindl.), Rishabhaka (Icros - tylis muscifera Lindl.), Apamarga (Chyran-thes aspera Ridl.), Saireyaka (Arleria prionitis L.)– collectively or individually as required, added with milk should be used for pumsavana.
** A type of fish with handful of water to be given to drink to the woman for, pumsavana has also been mentioned.
** Four herbs viz. Lakshmana (Pomoea sepiaria Roxb.) Vatangura (Cicus bengalensis Linn.) Sahadeva or Vishvadeva (Vernonia cinerea Less.) are crushed together with milk and the resultant mixture is given for nasal instillation. <ref>Shailaja U et. al. Principles and practice of Pumsavana Karma. Joinsysmed 2016, vol 4(3), pp 161-164</ref>
* Acharyas also describe one method wherein small and fire-colored man-shaped pieces of various metals like gold, silver or iron are heated and put in various liquids like curd, milk or handful of water. And then such liquid should be taken wholly on pushya constellation day by a pregnant woman.
* In the pusya star itself, she can inhale the steam coming from the preparation of sali rice while being cooked.
* After having said that Acharyas also advice to follow any other measures known to experienced elderly women or other experts for pumsavana. Definitely the measures should be followed when those are coming from the authentic and trustworthy source and in today's world as advised by a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|vaidya]] treating the woman. Otherwise any fake measure might endanger the life and health of a baby and mother both.
In case of the Pumsavana Samskara procedure, various measures have been advised as described above, but the action of these drugs and the procedures has not been mentioned anywhere. Mode of action or rationale behind the procedures and drugs is not known to anybody clearly. Possibly it is beyond the reach of science and scentific brains of today's time. It can be considered that these drugs may act in changing the sex by their Achintya Shakti or the [[Prabhava (प्रभावः)|Prabhava]].
In case of the Pumsavana Samskara procedure, various measures have been advised, but the action of these drugs and the procedures have not been mentioned anywhere. It can be considered that these drugs may act in changing the sex by their Achintya Shakti or the [[Prabhava (प्रभावः)|Prabhava]].
== Necessity of Pumsavana Karma and its scientific explanation: ==
== Necessity of Pumsavana Karma and its scientific explanation: ==