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Line 35: − + − + − These 5 types are as below,+ − + − {| class="wikitable"+ − !Site+ − | − + − + − + − + − + − + − Channels for transportation and transformation of asthi dhatu (asthivaha srotas) − The channels originate from predecessor meda dhatu and buttocks (jaghana). [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/8] There are various other anatomical structures related to asthi dhatu. These can be included in the system. The structures are as described below.+ + + + + + + + + + + + + − The important function of asthi dhatu is providing structure and support to the body. It also nourishes the successor bone marrow tissue (majja dhatu).[Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/5]+ − === Causes of vitiation ===+ − The following are causative factors for the vitiation of channels for transport and transformation of asthi dhatu (asthivahasrotasa). [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/17]+ − +
→Location of asthi dhatu
Meaning: The persons with essence of asthi dhatu have prominent heels (parshni), ankles (gulpha), knee joint (janu), elbows (aratni), collarbones (jatru), chin (chibuka), head (shira), flanks (parshva) and joints and also bones and teeth. Such persons are highly enthusiastic, active, enduring, having strong and firm body as well as longevity.[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/107]
Meaning: The persons with essence of asthi dhatu have prominent heels (parshni), ankles (gulpha), knee joint (janu), elbows (aratni), collarbones (jatru), chin (chibuka), head (shira), flanks (parshva) and joints and also bones and teeth. Such persons are highly enthusiastic, active, enduring, having strong and firm body as well as longevity.[Cha.Sa. Vimana Sthana 8/107]
== Location of asthi dhatu ==
== Location and types of asthi dhatu ==
Asthi dhatu is present everywhere in the body mainly forming the skeleton of the bones. There are five types of bones in human body. [Su .Sa Sharira Sthana 5/20] Also,
Asthi dhatu is present everywhere in the body mainly forming the skeleton of the bones. There are five types of Asthi in human body. [Su .Sa Sharira Sthana 5/20] These 5 types are as below,
{|
|+Asthi bheda (अस्थिभेदाः Types of Asthi)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sharirasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutram 20)</ref> <ref name=":0">Available from [https://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/index.php?title=Asthi_dhatu#Bones_.28asthi.29 charaksamhitaonline.com]</ref>
!
!Type
!Type
|'''Site'''
|-
|-
|1.
|1.
|Flat bones (kapala)
|Kapala (कपाल Flat bones)
|Knee (Janu), jaghana(pelvic), shoulder(amsa),
|Knee (Janu), jaghana(pelvic), shoulder(amsa),
Cheek(ganda),palate(talu),temples(shankha),skull(shiras)
Cheek(ganda),palate(talu),temples(shankha),skull(shiras)
|-
|-
|2.
|2.
|Teeth(ruchaka)
|Ruchaka (रुचक Teeth) ruchaka
|Teeth
|Teeth
|-
|-
|3.
|3.
|Cartilages(taruna)
|Taruna (तरुण Cartilages )
|Nose(Ghrana), Ear(karna), Neck(griva),orbit of the eye(akshikosha)
|Nose(Ghrana), Ear(karna), Neck(griva),orbit of the eye(akshikosha)
|-
|-
|4.
|4.
|curved/Annular bones(valaya)
|Valaya (वलय curved/Annular bones)
|Ribs(Parshuka), vertebrae (prushthakasheruka)
|Ribs(Parshuka), vertebrae (prushthakasheruka)
|-
|-
|5.
|5.
|Tubular bones (nalaka)
|Nalaka (नलक Tubular bones)
|All other long bo
|All other long bones
|}
|}
Asthivaha Srotas
Channels for transportation and transformation of asthi dhatu are known as asthivaha srotas. Acharya Charaka has mentioned meda dhatu and buttocks (jaghana) as the chief sites of this system. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/8]
Other anatomical structures related to Asthi dhatu mentioned in Ayurveda
There are various other anatomical structures related to asthi dhatu. These can be included in the system.
Asthi Jala- There are four types of network-like structures (jala) in body including, bone network (asthijala). There are four such networks formed from each of these types. They are present in wrist and ankle joints and interlinked together.[Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/12].<ref name=":0" />
Asthi sanghata - The places where many bones are present is called confluences. The confluences of bones are fourteen in number. They include ankle(gulpha), knee(janu), and groin(vankshana ) in lower limbs and their counter parts wrist(manibandha), elbow(kurpara) and axilla(kaksha) in upper limbs on each side. One is in the lower back(trika) and the other on the skull(shira) [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 5/16]<ref name=":0" />
Asthi Marmas- There are eight vital points formed from bones (asthi marma). [Su. Sa. Sharira Sthana 6/4] Katikataruna, Nitamba, Ansaphalaka and Shankha are those 4 marmas.<ref name=":0" />
== Functions ==
== Functions ==
Asthi dhatu performs the major function of providing support to the body. The skeleton formed by asthi gives shape, stability and protection to the vital soft organs. The locomotor function of a person is dependent on the health and state of Asthi dhatu. Apart from this it provides nourishment to the succeeding Majja dhatu and indirectly supports its function. [Su. Sa. Sutra Sthana 15/5]
== Causes of vitiation ==
Various diet and lifestyle related factors that adversely affect asthi dhatu have been listed by Ayurveda acharyas. They cause imbalance in the levels as well as quality of the asthi dhatu, cause disturbance in the channels of its transport across the body and thus affect its function. [Cha. Sa. Vimana Sthana 5/17]
==== Dietary causes ====
==== Dietary causes ====
* Excessive consumption of food that aggravates vatadosha in body. This includes the dietary items which possess properties like light to digest (laghu), dry(ruksha), cold(sheeta), rough(khara), highly penetrating or subtle (sukshma), mobile(chala).
* Food items that aggravate Vata dosha in body lead to asthi dhatu imbalance in the body. Excessive consumption of food that aggravates vatadosha in body. This includes the dietary items which possess properties like light to digest (laghu), dry(ruksha), cold(sheeta), rough(khara), highly penetrating or subtle (sukshma), mobile(chala).
==== Lifestyle causes ====
==== Lifestyle causes ====