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== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==

Dharma regulates the conduct of all individuals in every sphere of human activity. One such aspect is the rules to be observed by both employers and the employees. These were part of Raja dharma (Constitutional Law) and Vyavahara dharma (The Law on various other topics) and applied to both government and private employment. There were eighteen major topics of law which were in force at the earliest point of time. Two of them  laid down the Dharma of Employers and Employees. Namely,   

Dharma regulates the conduct of all individuals in every sphere of human activity. One such aspect is the rules to be observed by both employers and the employees. These were part of Raja dharma (Constitutional Law) and Vyavahara dharma (Law on various other topics) and applied to both government and private employment. There were eighteen major topics of law which were in force at the earliest point of time. Two of them  laid down the Dharma of Employers and Employees. Namely,   

* Swamipala Vivada ie. disputes between master and servant  

* Swamipala Vivada ie. disputes between master and servant  

* Vetana dana ie. payment of wages   

* Vetana dana ie. payment of wages   

=== संविभागः ॥ Samvibhaga ===

=== संविभागः ॥ Samvibhaga ===

The principle of "Samvibhaga", entails that the employers share the profit arising out of running any industry or business with the employees. An employer runs his business, trade or industry with the help of the employees. Therefore, they should be given a reasonable share in the profit earned.  

The principle of "Samvibhaga", entails that the employers share the profit arising out of running any industry or business with the employees. An employer runs his business, trade or industry with the help of the employees. Therefore, it is stated that they should be given a reasonable share in the profit earned.  

It is a matter of common knowledge that only when the employees see that the employers are indulging in extravagant and wasteful expenditure, while denying a reasonable share of profit to the employees, the industrial unrest begins. Therefore, in the light of the principle of Samvibhaga, if the employers appropriate only a reasonable portion of the profit for themselves and distribute rest of the profit among the employees, the relationship between the two would be cordial. It would also promote a sense of gratitude among the employees towards the employers, which in turn increases the output of work both in quality and quantity. This is evident in certain industries or business or trade where employers look after their employees as their own children with love and affection and give a reasonable share in the profit to them. Therefore, the principle of Samvibhaga constituted the fundamental Dharma to be observed by the employers towards their employees.

Also, it is a matter of common knowledge that only when the employees see that the employers are indulging in extravagant and wasteful expenditure, while denying a reasonable share of profit to the employees, the industrial unrest begins. Therefore, in the light of the principle of Samvibhaga, if the employers appropriate only a reasonable portion of the profit for themselves and distribute rest of the profit among the employees, the relationship between the two would be cordial. It would also promote a sense of gratitude among the employees towards the employers, which in turn increases the output of work both in quality and quantity. This is evident in certain industries or business or trade where employers look after their employees as their own children with love and affection and give a reasonable share in the profit to them. Therefore, the principle of Samvibhaga constituted the fundamental Dharma to be observed by the employers towards their employees.

=== अक्रोध: ॥ Akrodha ===

=== अक्रोध: ॥ Akrodha ===

Akrodha means 'to be free from anger'. Many a times, human beings commit actions on account of anger that may result in irreparable loss and injury; causing misery to both the doer and the receiver. This general rule applies to the relationship of employers and employees as well.  

Akrodha means 'to be free from anger'. Many a times, human beings commit actions on account of anger that may result in irreparable loss and injury; causing misery to both the doer and the receiver. This general rule applies to the relationship of employers and employees as well.  

There are many instances in which anger exhibited frequently without justification and disproportionate to the situation by the employers against the employees strain their relationship. This gives rise to an experience of humiliation within the employees that overrides their desire to work with devotion. Thus, unjustified and disproportionate anger is also one of the causes of industrial unrest. Therefore, the principle of Akrodha warns employers against uncontrolled anger. It enjoins that even when an employee commits mistake, the employer's anger should not cross reasonable limits. And this guideline equally applies to employees as well.

There are many instances in which anger exhibited frequently without justification and disproportionate to the situation by the employers against the employees strain their relationship. This gives rise to an experience of humiliation within the employees that overrides their desire to work with devotion. Thus, unjustified and disproportionate anger is also one of the causes for industrial unrest. Therefore, the principle of Akrodha warns employers against uncontrolled anger. It enjoins that even when an employee commits mistake, the employer's anger should not cross reasonable limits. And this guideline equally applies to employees as well.

=== क्षमा ॥ Kshama ===

=== क्षमा ॥ Kshama ===

Forgiveness is also important. Being human, employees are bound to err, or even be guilty of misconduct. It is essential for the employer to excuse the employees for bonafide errors or mistakes and to impose only just punishment, when they have acted unjustly. The quantum of penalty must be in proportion to the gravity of the misconduct and should not be harsh. It is only in cases in which the misconduct is grave that the maximum or highest penalty is justified; only then should such penalty be imposed.

Kshama or forgiveness is another important quality to be nurtured in the relationship between an Employer and the Employee. Employees, like other human beings, are bound to err or even be guilty of misconduct. Therefore, it is essential for the employer to excuse the employees for bonafide errors or mistakes and to impose only just punishment, when they have acted unjustly. It ensues from the understanding that the quantum of penalty must be in proportion to the gravity of the misconduct. Therefore, only in cases where the misconduct is grave that the maximum or highest penalty is termed justified; And only then imposition of such a penalty is delineated.

=== शौचम् ॥ Shaucha ===

=== शौचम् ॥ Shaucha ===