Changes

*As given by Vishnumitra, कल्पो वेदविहितानां कर्मणामानुपूर्व्येण कल्पनाशास्त्रम् | kalpo vedavihitānāṃ karmaṇāmānupūrvyeṇa kalpanāśāstram | ie. Kalpa shastra is a guideline for all the actions laid down in Veda (such as yajnas and yagas)<ref name=":4">Pt. Baldev Upadhyaya (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''.</ref>   

*As given by Vishnumitra, कल्पो वेदविहितानां कर्मणामानुपूर्व्येण कल्पनाशास्त्रम् | kalpo vedavihitānāṃ karmaṇāmānupūrvyeṇa kalpanāśāstram | ie. Kalpa shastra is a guideline for all the actions laid down in Veda (such as yajnas and yagas)<ref name=":4">Pt. Baldev Upadhyaya (1958) ''[https://archive.org/details/VaidikSahityaBaldevUpadhyaya1958 Vaidik Sahitya]''.</ref>   

== सूत्रशैली॥ Sutra Style of Writing ==

== सूत्रशैली ॥ Sutra Style of Writing ==

As we see the Vedas and their extensive associated literature needed to be preserved for the coming generations. In order to accomplish the task of preserving the precious mass of cultural traditions in a manageable and recollectable form, the seers of ancient Bharatavarsha invented the style of composition of texts characterized by utmost brevity and rigid systematization. A short sentence composed in this peculiar style is called Sutra, i.e., a thread. The lakshana of Sutra is as follows<ref name=":12">Pt. Baldev Upadhyaya (1997) ''Samskrit Vangmay ka Brhad Itihas, Dvitiya Khand - Vedang.'' Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Samskrit Sansthan (Page 56)</ref><blockquote>अल्पाक्षरमसन्दिग्धं सारवद्विश्वतोमुखम्। अस्तोभमनवद्यञ्च सूत्रं सूत्रविदो विदुः ।।</blockquote>A sutra is said to contain extremely few (as possible) syllables, without any ambiguity in the concept presented, representing the essence in a universal manner. A diffuse and scattered precepts are succinctly systematized in a compact sentence called sutra, just as the loose fibres are compressed into a terse thread.

As we see the Vedas and their extensive associated literature needed to be preserved for the coming generations. In order to accomplish the task of preserving the precious mass of cultural traditions in a manageable and recollectable form, the seers of ancient Bharatavarsha invented the style of composition of texts characterized by utmost brevity and rigid systematization. A short sentence composed in this peculiar style is called Sutra, i.e., a thread. The lakshana of Sutra is as follows<ref name=":12">Pt. Baldev Upadhyaya (1997) ''Samskrit Vangmay ka Brhad Itihas, Dvitiya Khand - Vedang.'' Lucknow: Uttar Pradesh Samskrit Sansthan (Page 56)</ref><blockquote>अल्पाक्षरमसन्दिग्धं सारवद्विश्वतोमुखम्। अस्तोभमनवद्यञ्च सूत्रं सूत्रविदो विदुः ।।</blockquote>A sutra is said to contain extremely few (as possible) syllables, without any ambiguity in the concept presented, representing the essence in a universal manner. A diffuse and scattered precepts are succinctly systematized in a compact sentence called sutra, just as the loose fibres are compressed into a terse thread.

Kalpa Vedanga deals with four important types of Sutra Charanas or granthas, all closely allied and complementary to each other. They are  

Kalpa Vedanga deals with four important types of Sutra Charanas or granthas, all closely allied and complementary to each other. They are  

श्रौतसूत्राणि || Shrautasutras

[[Shrautasutras (श्रौतसूत्राणि)|श्रौतसूत्राणि || Shrautasutras]]

[[Grhyasutras (गृह्यसूत्राणि)|गृह्यसूत्राणि || Grhyasutras]]  

[[Grhyasutras (गृह्यसूत्राणि)|गृह्यसूत्राणि || Grhyasutras]]  

शुल्बसूत्राणि || Sulbasutras

शुल्बसूत्राणि || Sulbasutras

Some of these four types of texts belonging to the same school were composed by one and the same author in some cases. All the Vedas possess their distinct Kalpasutras, their number being the largest for Yajurveda and the smallest being two for Atharvaveda. The kalpasutras belonging to the Yajurveda are complete (with all the four sutragranthas) whereas those belonging to other Vedas are deficient in one or the other type of Sutras.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Malladi, Sri. Suryanarayana Sastry (1982) ''Samskruta Vangmaya Charitra, Volume 1 Vaidika Vangmayam'' Hyderabad : Andhra Sarasvata Parishad</ref><ref name=":42222">Gopal Reddy, Mudiganti and Sujata Reddy, Mudiganti (1997) ''Sanskrita Saahitya Charitra (Vaidika Vangmayam - Loukika Vangamayam, A critical approach)'' Hyderabad : P. S. Telugu University. (Pages 59-71)</ref>

Some of these four types of texts belonging to the same school were composed by one and the same author in some cases. All the Vedas possess their distinct Kalpasutras, their number being the largest for Yajurveda and the smallest being two for Atharvaveda. The kalpasutras belonging to the Yajurveda are complete (with all the four sutragranthas) whereas those belonging to other Vedas are deficient in one or the other type of Sutras. Apart from the four sutracharanas, there are supplementary sutra texts namely  Paribhashas, Parishishtas, Prayaschitta and Pravarasutras which are used at various occasions in yajnas. For example, the Paribhasha sutras aid the Hotr and Adhvaryu recite the Pravara (ancestral descent) and the Gotra (the rshis group) of the yajamana during Darsapurna maseshti and other yajnas.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Malladi, Sri. Suryanarayana Sastry (1982) ''Samskruta Vangmaya Charitra, Volume 1 Vaidika Vangmayam'' Hyderabad : Andhra Sarasvata Parishad</ref><ref name=":42222">Gopal Reddy, Mudiganti and Sujata Reddy, Mudiganti (1997) ''Sanskrita Saahitya Charitra (Vaidika Vangmayam - Loukika Vangamayam, A critical approach)'' Hyderabad : P. S. Telugu University. (Pages 59-71)</ref><ref name=":12" />

=== Vedas and Associated Sutra Charanas ===

=== Vedas and Associated Sutra Charanas ===

|-

|-

! rowspan="3" |Rigveda

! rowspan="3" |Rigveda

|Ashvalayana

|Shakala

|Ashvalayana (आश्वलायनः)

|Ashvalayana (आश्वलायनः)

|Ashvalayana

|Ashvalayana

| rowspan="3" |None available

| rowspan="3" |None available

|-

|-

|Shankhayana

|Bashkala?

|Shankhayana (शाङ्खायनः)

|Shankhayana (शाङ्खायनः)

|Shankhayana  

|Shankhayana  

|-

|-

|Kaushitaki

|Kaushitaki

|Kaushitaki

|None available

|Kaushitaki

|Kaushitaki

|Vishnu dharmasutra

|Vishnu dharmasutra

|Kathaka (काठक)

|Kathaka (काठक)

|

|

|

|None available

|-

|-

! rowspan="3" |Samaveda

! rowspan="3" |Samaveda

| rowspan="3" |None available

| rowspan="3" |None available

|-

|-

|Drahyayana

|Rananiya

|Drahyayana (द्राह्यायनः)

|Drahyayana (द्राह्यायनः)

|Khadira (खादिर)

|Khadira (खादिर)