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Kalpa Vedanga (कल्पवेदाङ्गम्) (view source)
Revision as of 16:32, 5 March 2020
, 16:32, 5 March 2020added content (Gotra and Sutra)
[[Dharmasutras (धर्मसूत्राणि)|धर्मसूत्राणि || Dharmasutras]]
[[Dharmasutras (धर्मसूत्राणि)|धर्मसूत्राणि || Dharmasutras]]
शुल्बसूत्राणि || Sulbasutras
शुल्बसूत्राणि || Shulbasutras
Some of these four types of texts belonging to the same school were composed by one and the same author in some cases. All the Vedas possess their distinct Kalpasutras, their number being the largest for Yajurveda and the smallest being two for Atharvaveda. The kalpasutras belonging to the Yajurveda are complete (with all the four sutragranthas) whereas those belonging to other Vedas are deficient in one or the other type of Sutras. Apart from the four sutracharanas, there are supplementary sutra texts namely Paribhashas, Parishishtas, Prayaschitta and Pravarasutras which are used at various occasions in yajnas. For example, the Paribhasha sutras aid the Hotr and Adhvaryu recite the Pravara (ancestral descent) and the Gotra (the rshis group) of the yajamana during Darsapurna maseshti and other yajnas.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Malladi, Sri. Suryanarayana Sastry (1982) ''Samskruta Vangmaya Charitra, Volume 1 Vaidika Vangmayam'' Hyderabad : Andhra Sarasvata Parishad</ref><ref name=":42222">Gopal Reddy, Mudiganti and Sujata Reddy, Mudiganti (1997) ''Sanskrita Saahitya Charitra (Vaidika Vangmayam - Loukika Vangamayam, A critical approach)'' Hyderabad : P. S. Telugu University. (Pages 59-71)</ref><ref name=":12" />
Some of these four types of texts belonging to the same school were composed by one and the same author in some cases. All the Vedas possess their distinct Kalpasutras, their number being the largest for Yajurveda and the smallest being two for Atharvaveda. The kalpasutras belonging to the Yajurveda are complete (with all the four sutragranthas) whereas those belonging to other Vedas are deficient in one or the other type of Sutras.
The sutras were either intended by their authors for more than one Charana or adapted to more than one Shaka of the Veda over time. No single shaka contained a complete account of the ceremony and other shakas were often referred to thus came into the existence the Sutra texts. Hence we find references of various shaka authors and their stance on any particular ceremony. Gradually communities coalesced, by adopting a collection of Sutras as the highest authority for their ceremonies, and became naturally inclined to waive minor points of difference in the Samhitas and Brahmanas. Such communities passed on their tradition under the name of the Charana and the Sutrakara who compiled them. This tradition is seen even in the present day where a person is said to belong to a Gotra (the rshi lineage) and Sutra (Baudhayana, Shankhayana, Apastamba etc) which is informed in the Pravara recitation during various ceremonies.<ref name=":8">Mookerji. Radha Kumud, (1947) Ancient Indian Education (Brahminical and Buddhist) London: MacMillan And Co., Ltd. (Page 167-168)</ref>
=== Supplementary Texts ===
Apart from the four sutracharanas, there are supplementary minor subjects of study developed along with them namely Paribhashas, Anukramanikas, Parishishtas, Prayaschitta and Pravarasutras which are used at various occasions in yajnas.
For example, the Pravara sutras aid the Hotr and Adhvaryu recite the Pravara (ancestral descent) and the Gotra (the rshis group) of the yajamana during Darsapurna maseshti and other yajnas.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":42222">Gopal Reddy, Mudiganti and Sujata Reddy, Mudiganti (1997) ''Sanskrita Saahitya Charitra (Vaidika Vangmayam - Loukika Vangamayam, A critical approach)'' Hyderabad : P. S. Telugu University. (Pages 59-71)</ref><ref name=":12" />
Prayogas are manuals which describe the course of each yajna and the functions of the different classes of rtviks with reference to its practical performance. Paddhatis are guides which follow the systematic accounts of the Sutras and sketch their contents. Anukramanikas were developed and they played an important role in maintaining the oral tradition with deviations for they are vedic indexes containing the list of mantras, the mantra-drashtas, the chandas and the devatas in the exact order in which they occur in the various samhitas.<ref name=":8" />
=== Vedas and Associated Sutra Charanas ===
=== Vedas and Associated Sutra Charanas ===