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=== श्राद्धभोजनाधिकारी ॥ Shraddha Bhojana Adhikari ===

=== श्राद्धभोजनाधिकारी ॥ Shraddha Bhojana Adhikari ===

* Food sacred to the forefathers or to the gods must be given to a man distinguished by sacred knowledge; for hands, smeared with blood, cannot be cleansed with blood. (Manu 3.132). Infact, it is said that, as many mouthfuls as an ignorant man swallows at a sacrifice to the gods or to the forefathers, so many red-hot spikes, spears, and iron balls must (the giver of the repast) swallow after death. (Manu 3.133)

* Food in honour of the Gods (havya) and the forefathers (kavya) must be given to a brahmana high in knowledge alone and not to a fool. Infact, it is said that, the fruit of ten lakh brahmanas, unacquainted with the vedas, dining at a funeral sacrifice is obtained when a single brahmama learned in the Veda is fed. Therefore, one is advised to feed well at a Shraddha, a Rigvedi brahmana (an adherent of the Rig-veda), Yajurvedi brahmana (a follower of the Yajur-veda) or a Samavedi brahmana (a singer of Samans). Because, even if one of these three brahmanas obtains food and honour at a shraddha, the seven generations of ancestors of that sacrificer are satisfied (Manu Smrt. 3.132, 131, 145, 146).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>ज्ञानोत्कृष्टाय देयानि कव्यानि च हवींषि च ॥ ३.१३२ ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>सहस्रं हि सहस्राणां अनृचां यत्र भुञ्जते । एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति धर्मतः ॥ ३.१३१ ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>यत्नेन भोजयेच्छ्राद्धे बह्वृचं वेदपारगम् । शाखान्तगं अथाध्वर्युं छन्दोगं तु समाप्तिकम् ॥ ३.१४५ ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>एषां अन्यतमो यस्य भुञ्जीत श्राद्धं अर्चितः । पितॄणां तस्य तृप्तिः स्याच्छाश्वती साप्तपौरुषी ॥ ३.१४६ ॥<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote><blockquote>jñānotkr̥ṣṭāya deyāni kavyāni ca havīṁṣi ca ॥ 3.132 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>sahasraṁ hi sahasrāṇāṁ anr̥cāṁ yatra bhuñjate । ekastānmantravitprītaḥ sarvānarhati dharmataḥ ॥ 3.131 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>yatnena bhojayecchrāddhe bahvr̥caṁ vedapāragam । śākhāntagaṁ athādhvaryuṁ chandogaṁ tu samāptikam ॥ 3.145 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>eṣāṁ anyatamo yasya bhuñjīta śrāddhaṁ arcitaḥ । pitr̥̄ṇāṁ tasya tr̥ptiḥ syācchāśvatī sāptapauruṣī ॥ 3.146 ॥</blockquote>This is the chief rule for the performance of havya and kavya. While, the subsidiary rule expected to be followed by virtuous men are as follows.(Manu Smrt. 3.147). <ref name=":1" />

* It is said that, though a million of men, unacquainted with the Rikas, were to dine at a (funeral sacrifice), yet a single man, learned in the Veda, who is satisfied (with his entertainment), is worth them all as far as the (production of) spiritual merit (is concerned). (Manu 3.131). Therefore, one is advised to (take) pains (to) feed at a Shraddha an adherent of the Rig-veda who has studied one entire (recension of that) Veda, or a follower of the Yajur-veda who has finished one Sakha, or a singer of Samans who (likewise) has completed (the study of an entire recension). (Manu Smrt 3.145) If one of these three dines, duly honoured, at a funeral sacrifice, the ancestors of him (who gives the feast), as far as the seventh person, will be satisfied for a very long time. (3.146). This is the chief rule (to be followed). However, as a subsidiary rule.(3.147.), One may also entertain (on such occasions) one's maternal grandfather, a maternal uncle, a sister's son, a father-in-law, one's teacher, a daughter's son, a daughter's husband, a cognate kinsman, one's own officiating priest or a man for whom one offers sacrifices. (Manu Smrt 3.148)

<blockquote>सहस्रं हि सहस्राणां अनृचां यत्र भुञ्जते । एकस्तान्मन्त्रवित्प्रीतः सर्वानर्हति धर्मतः ॥ ३.१३१ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>यत्नेन भोजयेच्छ्राद्धे बह्वृचं वेदपारगम् । शाखान्तगं अथाध्वर्युं छन्दोगं तु समाप्तिकम् ॥ ३.१४५ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>एषां अन्यतमो यस्य भुञ्जीत श्राद्धं अर्चितः । पितॄणां तस्य तृप्तिः स्याच्छाश्वती साप्तपौरुषी ॥ ३.१४६ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>मातामहं मातुलं च स्वस्रीयं श्वशुरं गुरुम् । दौहित्रं विट्पतिं बन्धुं ऋत्विग्याज्यौ च भोजयेत् ॥ ३.१४८ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>sahasraṁ hi sahasrāṇāṁ anr̥cāṁ yatra bhuñjate । ekastānmantravitprītaḥ sarvānarhati dharmataḥ ॥ 3.131 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>yatnena bhojayecchrāddhe bahvr̥caṁ vedapāragam । śākhāntagaṁ athādhvaryuṁ chandogaṁ tu samāptikam ॥ 3.145 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>eṣāṁ anyatamo yasya bhuñjīta śrāddhaṁ arcitaḥ । pitr̥̄ṇāṁ tasya tr̥ptiḥ syācchāśvatī sāptapauruṣī ॥ 3.146 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>mātāmahaṁ mātulaṁ ca svasrīyaṁ śvaśuraṁ gurum । dauhitraṁ viṭpatiṁ bandhuṁ r̥tvigyājyau ca bhojayet ॥ 3.148 ॥</blockquote>

<blockquote>मातामहं मातुलं च स्वस्रीयं श्वशुरं गुरुम् । दौहित्रं विट्पतिं बन्धुं ऋत्विग्याज्यौ च भोजयेत् ॥ ३.१४८ ॥<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>mātāmahaṁ mātulaṁ ca svasrīyaṁ śvaśuraṁ gurum । dauhitraṁ viṭpatiṁ bandhuṁ r̥tvigyājyau ca bhojayet ॥ 3.148 ॥</blockquote>

* Some Brahmanas are devoted to (the pursuit of) knowledge, and others to (the performance of) austerities; some to austerities and to the recitation of the Veda, and others to (the performance of) sacred rites. (Manu 3.134). Oblations to the forefathers ought to be carefully presented to those devoted to knowledge, but offerings to the gods, in accordance with the reason (of the sacred law), to (men of) all the four (above-mentioned classes). (Manu 3.135). Therefore, one is advised to make inquiries even regarding the remote (ancestors of) a Brahmana who has studied an entire (recension of the) Veda; (if descended from a virtuous race) such a man is a worthy recipient of gifts (consisting) of food offered to the gods or to the forefathers, he is declared (to procure as great rewards as) a guest (atithi). (Manu 3.130)

* Some Brahmanas are devoted to Atmajnana (self-realisation), some are eager in the performance of tapa (austerities); some devoted to tapa and svadhyaya (rigorous study of the Vedas) while some are bound to karma. In oblations to the forefathers, the one focused on atmajnana is ought to be fed. While all four of them must dine in the offerings to the gods. Therefore, one is advised to have a brahmana from a lineage of knowers of the vedas. For, he is the medium of food offered to the gods or to the forefathers (Manu 3.134, 135 and 130).<ref name=":1" />

<blockquote>ज्ञाननिष्ठा द्विजाः के चित्तपोनिष्ठास्तथापरे । तपःस्वाध्यायनिष्ठाश्च कर्मनिष्ठास्तथापरे ॥ ३.१३४ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ज्ञाननिष्ठेषु कव्यानि प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि यत्नतः । हव्यानि तु यथान्यायं सर्वेष्वेव चतुर्ष्वपि ॥ ३.१३५ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणं वेदपारगम् । तीर्थं तद्धव्यकव्यानां प्रदाने सोऽतिथिः स्मृतः ॥ ३.१३० ॥</blockquote><blockquote>jñānaniṣṭhā dvijāḥ ke cittaponiṣṭhāstathāpare । tapaḥsvādhyāyaniṣṭhāśca karmaniṣṭhāstathāpare ॥ 3.134 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>jñānaniṣṭheṣu kavyāni pratiṣṭhāpyāni yatnataḥ । havyāni tu yathānyāyaṁ sarveṣveva caturṣvapi ॥ 3.135 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>dūrādeva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇaṁ vedapāragam । tīrthaṁ taddhavyakavyānāṁ pradāne so'tithiḥ smr̥taḥ ॥ 3.130 ॥</blockquote>

<blockquote>ज्ञाननिष्ठा द्विजाः के चित्तपोनिष्ठास्तथापरे । तपःस्वाध्यायनिष्ठाश्च कर्मनिष्ठास्तथापरे ॥ ३.१३४ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ज्ञाननिष्ठेषु कव्यानि प्रतिष्ठाप्यानि यत्नतः । हव्यानि तु यथान्यायं सर्वेष्वेव चतुर्ष्वपि ॥ ३.१३५ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>दूरादेव परीक्षेत ब्राह्मणं वेदपारगम् । तीर्थं तद्धव्यकव्यानां प्रदाने सोऽतिथिः स्मृतः ॥ ३.१३० ॥<ref name=":0" /></blockquote><blockquote>jñānaniṣṭhā dvijāḥ ke cittaponiṣṭhāstathāpare । tapaḥsvādhyāyaniṣṭhāśca karmaniṣṭhāstathāpare ॥ 3.134 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>jñānaniṣṭheṣu kavyāni pratiṣṭhāpyāni yatnataḥ । havyāni tu yathānyāyaṁ sarveṣveva caturṣvapi ॥ 3.135 ॥</blockquote><blockquote>dūrādeva parīkṣeta brāhmaṇaṁ vedapāragam । tīrthaṁ taddhavyakavyānāṁ pradāne so'tithiḥ smr̥taḥ ॥ 3.130 ॥</blockquote>

* It is said that, for a rite sacred to the gods, he who knows the law will not make (too close) inquiries regarding an (invited) Brahmana; but when one performs a ceremony in honour of the forefathers, one must carefully examine (the qualities and parentage of the guest). (3.149) However, incase, there is a father ignorant of the sacred texts whose son has learned one whole recension of the Veda and the Angas, and a son ignorant of the sacred texts whose father knows an entire recension of the Veda and the Angas, (Manu 3.136). Know that he whose father knows the Veda, is the more venerable one (of the two); yet the other one is worthy of honour, because respect is due to the Veda (which he has learned). (Manu 3.137)

* It is said that, for a rite sacred to the gods, he who knows the law will not make (too close) inquiries regarding an (invited) Brahmana; but when one performs a ceremony in honour of the forefathers, one must carefully examine (the qualities and parentage of the guest). (3.149) However, incase, there is a father ignorant of the sacred texts whose son has learned one whole recension of the Veda and the Angas, and a son ignorant of the sacred texts whose father knows an entire recension of the Veda and the Angas, (Manu 3.136). Know that he whose father knows the Veda, is the more venerable one (of the two); yet the other one is worthy of honour, because respect is due to the Veda (which he has learned). (Manu 3.137)

<blockquote>न ब्राह्मणं परीक्षेत दैवे कर्मणि धर्मवित् । पित्र्ये कर्मणि तु प्राप्ते परीक्षेत प्रयत्नतः ॥ ३.१४९ ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>अश्रोत्रियः पिता यस्य पुत्रः स्याद्वेदपारगः । अश्रोत्रियो वा पुत्रः स्यात्पिता स्याद्वेदपारगः ॥ ३.१३६ ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>ज्यायांसं अनयोर्विद्याद्यस्य स्याच्छ्रोत्रियः पिता । मन्त्रसंपूजनार्थं तु सत्कारं इतरोऽर्हति ॥ ३.१३७ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>na brāhmaṇaṁ parīkṣeta daive karmaṇi dharmavit । pitrye karmaṇi tu prāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ ॥ 3.149 ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>aśrotriyaḥ pitā yasya putraḥ syādvedapāragaḥ । aśrotriyo vā putraḥ syātpitā syādvedapāragaḥ ॥ 3.136 ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>jyāyāṁsaṁ anayorvidyādyasya syācchrotriyaḥ pitā । mantrasaṁpūjanārthaṁ tu satkāraṁ itaro'rhati ॥ 3.137 ॥</blockquote>

<blockquote>न ब्राह्मणं परीक्षेत दैवे कर्मणि धर्मवित् । पित्र्ये कर्मणि तु प्राप्ते परीक्षेत प्रयत्नतः ॥ ३.१४९ ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>अश्रोत्रियः पिता यस्य पुत्रः स्याद्वेदपारगः । अश्रोत्रियो वा पुत्रः स्यात्पिता स्याद्वेदपारगः ॥ ३.१३६ ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>ज्यायांसं अनयोर्विद्याद्यस्य स्याच्छ्रोत्रियः पिता । मन्त्रसंपूजनार्थं तु सत्कारं इतरोऽर्हति ॥ ३.१३७ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>na brāhmaṇaṁ parīkṣeta daive karmaṇi dharmavit । pitrye karmaṇi tu prāpte parīkṣeta prayatnataḥ ॥ 3.149 ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>aśrotriyaḥ pitā yasya putraḥ syādvedapāragaḥ । aśrotriyo vā putraḥ syātpitā syādvedapāragaḥ ॥ 3.136 ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>jyāyāṁsaṁ anayorvidyādyasya syācchrotriyaḥ pitā । mantrasaṁpūjanārthaṁ tu satkāraṁ itaro'rhati ॥ 3.137 ॥</blockquote>