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Line 104: − − == Kala in Vaiseshika Darshana == − Another measure of Kala as mentioned in the Prashastapada Bhashya (chap 5) is as follows<ref>Prashastapada Bhashya ([https://archive.org/details/prashastapadabhashya/page/n61 Chapter 5])</ref> − − 1 Nimesha = time taken for twinkling of eyes − − 5 Nimesha = 1 Kashtha − − 30 Kashthas = 1 Kala − − 15 Kalas = 1 Nadika − − 30 Kalas = 1 Muhurta − − 30 Muhurtas = 1 Ahoratra (day and night) − − 15 Ahoratras = 1 Paksha (fort-night) − − 2 Pakshas = 1 Masa (Month) − − 2 Masas = 1 Rtu (Season) − − 3 Rtus or 6 Masas = 1 Ayana (Uttarayana = 1 Day of Devatas, Dakshinayana = 1 Night of Devatas) − − 6 Rtus or 12 Masas = 1 Samvatsara (Earth Year) − − 360 Samvatsaras(Earth years) = 1 Divyavarsha (1 Year of Devatas) − − 1200 Divyavarshas = The Four Yugas − − 1000 Four yugas = 1 Day of Brahma − − After the lapse of a hundred years of Brahma (1 year of Brahma has 360 days of Brahma) there comes the time for the final deliverance of the Brahma of the time. Line 147:
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edited content
Many other eras have been in use, Saptarshi, Yudhisthira, Buddha nirvana, Mahavira nirvana, Bengali san, Lakshmanasena among others.<ref name=":1" />
Many other eras have been in use, Saptarshi, Yudhisthira, Buddha nirvana, Mahavira nirvana, Bengali san, Lakshmanasena among others.<ref name=":1" />
== Kala in Puranas ==
== Kala in Puranas ==
<blockquote>प्राणादिः कथितो मूर्तः त्रुट्याद्योऽमूर्तसंज्ञकः । षड्भिःप्राणैः विनाडी स्यात्तत्षष्ट्या नाडिका स्मृता ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>नाडी षष्ट्या तु नाक्षत्रमहोरात्रं प्रकीर्तितम् । तत्त्रिंशता भवेन्मासः सावनोऽर्कोदयैःस्मृतः ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ऐन्दवस्तिथिभिः तद्वत्सङ्क्रान्त्या सौर उच्यते । मासैर्द्वादशभिर्वर्ष दिव्यं तदह उच्यते ॥ (Sury. Sidd. 11 - 13)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>Summary : The time called Murta begins with Prana and the time called Amurta begins with Truti. The time which contains six Pranas is called Pala and that which contains sixty Palas is called a Nadika (also called Nadi or ghatika). The time which contains sixty Ghatikas is called Naakshatra Ahoratra (Sidereal Day and Night). Thirty Naakshatra Ahoratras makes up a Naakshatra Masa. Thirty Savana days (day counted from Sunrise to sunset) make a Savana month.
<blockquote>प्राणादिः कथितो मूर्तः त्रुट्याद्योऽमूर्तसंज्ञकः । षड्भिःप्राणैः विनाडी स्यात्तत्षष्ट्या नाडिका स्मृता ॥ </blockquote><blockquote>नाडी षष्ट्या तु नाक्षत्रमहोरात्रं प्रकीर्तितम् । तत्त्रिंशता भवेन्मासः सावनोऽर्कोदयैःस्मृतः ॥</blockquote><blockquote>ऐन्दवस्तिथिभिः तद्वत्सङ्क्रान्त्या सौर उच्यते । मासैर्द्वादशभिर्वर्ष दिव्यं तदह उच्यते ॥ (Sury. Sidd. 11 - 13)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>Summary : The time called Murta begins with Prana and the time called Amurta begins with Truti. The time which contains six Pranas is called Pala and that which contains sixty Palas is called a Nadika (also called Nadi or ghatika). The time which contains sixty Ghatikas is called Naakshatra Ahoratra (Sidereal Day and Night). Thirty Naakshatra Ahoratras makes up a Naakshatra Masa. Thirty Savana days (day counted from Sunrise to sunset) make a Savana month.
Bhagavata Purana describes the smallest particles as Paramanus, two of which make up an Anu. Three such anus make up the Trasarenu. It is the smallest particle which is visible and is noticed to be goi
Bhagavata Purana describes the smallest particles as Paramanus, two of which make up an Anu. Three such anus make up the Trasarenu. It is the smallest particle which is visible. (Bhag. Pura. 3.11.5-8)<ref name=":3" /> Another measure of Kala as mentioned in the Prashastapada Bhashya (chap 5) is also tabularized. After the lapse of a hundred years of Brahma (1 year of Brahma has 360 days of Brahma) there comes the time for the final deliverance of the Brahma of the time.<ref name=":6">Prashastapada Bhashya ([https://archive.org/details/prashastapadabhashya/page/n61 Chapter 5])</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!No
!No
!Surya Siddhanta
!Surya Siddhanta
!Bhagavatam
!Bhagavata Purana<ref name=":3" />
!Vaiseshika Darshana<ref name=":6" />
|-
|-
|1
|1
|Prana
|Prana
|Truti
|3 Trasarenu = Truti
|1 Nimesha = time taken for twinkling of eyes
|-
|-
|2
|2
|Pala
|Pala
|Vedha
|100 Trutis = Vedha
|5 Nimesha = 1 Kashtha
|-
|-
|3
|3
|Nadika or Nadi or Ghatika
|Nadika or Nadi or Ghatika
|Lava
|3 Vedhas = Lava
|30 Kashthas = 1 Kala
|-
|-
|4
|4
|Ahoratra
|Ahoratra
|Nimesha
|3 Lavas = Nimesha
|15 Kalas = 1 Nadika
|-
|-
|5
|5
|Masa
|Masa
|Kshana
|3 Nimeshas = Kshana
|30 Kalas = 1 Muhurta
|-
|-
|6
|6
|
|
|Kashta
|5 Kshanas = Kashta
|30 Muhurtas = 1 Ahoratra (day and night)
|-
|-
|7
|7
|
|
|Laghu
|15 Kashtas = Laghu
|15 Ahoratras = 1 Paksha (fort-night)
|-
|-
|8
|8
|
|
|Nadika or Ghatika
|15 Laghus = Nadika or Ghatika
|2 Pakshas = 1 Masa (Month)
|-
|-
|9
|9
|
|
|Muhurta
|2 Nadikas = Muhurta
|2 Masas = 1 Rtu (Season)
|-
|-
|10
|10
|
|
|Prahara/Yama
|6 or 7 nadikas = Prahara/Yama
|3 Rtus or 6 Masas = 1 Ayana (Uttarayana = 1 Day of Devatas, Dakshinayana = 1 Night of Devatas)
|-
|-
|11
|11
|
|
|Ahaha and Ratri
|4 Yamas = Day and Night (Ahahoratri)
|6 Rtus or 12 Masas = 1 Samvatsara (Earth Year)
|-
|-
|12
|12
|
|
|Paksha
|15 Days = Paksha
|360 Samvatsaras(Earth years) = 1 Divyavarsha (1 Year of Devatas)
|-
|-
|13
|13
|
|
|Masa
|2 Pakshas = 1 Masa
|1200 Divyavarshas = The Four Yugas
|-
|-
|14
|14
|
|
|Rtu
|2 Masas = Rtu
|1000 Four yugas = 1 Day of Brahma
|-
|-
|15
|15
|
|
|Ayana
|6 Masas = Ayana
|
|-
|16
|
|2 Ayanas = Samvatsara
|
|}
|}