8,246
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 153:
Line 153: − + + − + − + − + − Line 175:
Line 175: + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
→Drvaya: added content and citations
* Vimal (विमलम्) : When dana is made out of a sense of duty, to Brahmins learned in the Veda, in order to please the divine, it is known as vimal or nirmal dana.
* Vimal (विमलम्) : When dana is made out of a sense of duty, to Brahmins learned in the Veda, in order to please the divine, it is known as vimal or nirmal dana.
== What is not Dana ==
== निष्फलदानम् ॥ Fruitless Dana ==
There are instances in the shrutis and smritis that some danas do not yield the desired results or are considered improper actions. Such danas which are not to be performed may again be classified based on the donor, danadravya (material) time, place etc. The important ones find mention here below.
=== Drvaya ===
=== द्रव्यम् ॥ Dravya ===
Nine types of property should not be given in dana <ref name=":2" /> under any circumstances and one who does so should undergo prayaschitta for doing so.<blockquote>सामान्यं याचितं न्यासमाधिर्दाराश्च दर्शनम्॥ अन्वाहितं च निक्षेपः सर्वस्वं चान्वये सति॥ ४.५२ ॥
Nine types of property should not be given in dana <ref name=":2" /> under any circumstances and one who does so should undergo prayaschitta for doing so. <blockquote>सामान्यं याचितं न्यासमाधिर्दाराश्च दर्शनम्॥ अन्वाहितं च निक्षेपः सर्वस्वं चान्वये सति॥ ४.५२ ॥
आपत्स्वपि न देयानि नववस्तूनि पंडितैः॥ यो ददाति स मूढात्मा प्रायाश्चित्तीयते नरः॥ ४.५३ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>sāmānyaṃ yācitaṃ nyāsamādhirdārāśca darśanam॥ anvāhitaṃ ca nikṣepaḥ sarvasvaṃ cānvaye sati॥ 4.52 ॥<br>
आपत्स्वपि न देयानि नववस्तूनि पंडितैः॥ यो ददाति स मूढात्मा प्रायाश्चित्तीयते नरः॥ ४.५३ ॥</blockquote><blockquote>sāmānyaṃ yācitaṃ nyāsamādhirdārāśca darśanam॥ anvāhitaṃ ca nikṣepaḥ sarvasvaṃ cānvaye sati॥ 4.52 ॥<br>āpatsvapi na deyāni navavastūni paṃḍitaiḥ॥ yo dadāti sa mūḍhātmā prāyāścittīyate naraḥ॥ 4.53 ॥</blockquote>i. Samanya (सामान्यम्) - that which is ordinary or owned by everyone.
āpatsvapi na deyāni navavastūni paṃḍitaiḥ॥ yo dadāti sa mūḍhātmā prāyāścittīyate naraḥ॥ 4.53 ॥</blockquote>i. Samanya (सामान्यम्) - that which is ordinary or owned by everyone.
ii. Yachit (याचितम्) - that which has been borrowed from someone.
ii. Yachit (याचितम्) - that which has been borrowed from someone.
ix. Sanvaya Sarvasv Daan (सन्वय सर्वस्वदानम्) - giving away everything despite availability of descendants.
ix. Sanvaya Sarvasv Daan (सन्वय सर्वस्वदानम्) - giving away everything despite availability of descendants.
=== प्रतिग्रहीता ॥ Receiver ===
There are sixteen kinds of payments made that does not qualify as dana. Some of these are:<ref name=":0" /><blockquote>आरूढपतिते दत्तमन्यायोपहृतं च यत्। व्यर्थं तु पतिते दानं ब्राह्मणे तस्करे तथा॥ 6</blockquote><blockquote>गुरौ चानृतिके पापे कृतघ्ने ग्रामयाजके। वेदविक्रयिणे दत्तं तथा वृषलयाजके॥ 7</blockquote><blockquote>ब्रह्मबन्धुषु यद्दत्तं यद्दत्तं वृषलीपतौ। स्त्रीजनेषु च यद्दत्तं व्यालग्राहे तथैव च॥ 8</blockquote><blockquote>परिचारकेषु यद्दत्तं वृथा दानानि षोडश। (Maha. Vana. 200.6 - 8)<ref>Pt. Ramnarayandatt Shastri ''[https://archive.org/stream/Mahabharata04SanskritHindiPanditRamnarayanGitaPress/Mahabharata%2002_%20Sanskrit-Hindi_Pandit%20Ramnarayan_Gita%20Press#page/n649/mode/2up Mahabharata, Volume 2, Vanaparva and Virataparva.]'' Gorakhpur: Gita Press</ref></blockquote>
# To a person who abandons his vanaprastha or sanyasa ashram (is called as आरूढपतित) and becomes a householder again.
# Money earned through injustice (Here it is dravya not pratiguhita)
# To a fallen Brahmin
# To a thief
# To one’s father and other such elders (gurujan)
# To a liar
# To a sinner
# To an ingrate
# To the village / town priest
# To a person who sells the Vedas
# To an immoral Brahmin
# To snake-charmers
# To one’s servants
# To women in one’s family
== References ==
== References ==