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| | यद् उग्रो देव ओषधयो वनस्पतयस् तेन । न ह वा एनम् उग्रो देवो हिनस्ति । | | यद् उग्रो देव ओषधयो वनस्पतयस् तेन । न ह वा एनम् उग्रो देवो हिनस्ति । |
| − | == स्थावराणाम् लक्षणम् ॥ Plant Characteristics == | + | == स्थावराणां लक्षणम् ॥ Plant Characteristics == |
| | Along with reverence, in Indian traditions plants were regarded as life force or prana and not inanimate or lifeless things; they have life even if they are immobile. Like any animate creature, they are sensitive to cold and heat, they feel happiness and sorrow, they drink water from their roots and also fall sick, etc. | | Along with reverence, in Indian traditions plants were regarded as life force or prana and not inanimate or lifeless things; they have life even if they are immobile. Like any animate creature, they are sensitive to cold and heat, they feel happiness and sorrow, they drink water from their roots and also fall sick, etc. |
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| | |Atharvaveda Oshadhi sukta (8.7.27) | | |Atharvaveda Oshadhi sukta (8.7.27) |
| | |<nowiki>पुष्पवतीः प्रसूमतीः फलिनीरफला उत । puṣpavatīḥ prasūmatīḥ phalinīraphalā uta | (Atha. Veda. 8.7.27) </nowiki><ref name=":7" /> | | |<nowiki>पुष्पवतीः प्रसूमतीः फलिनीरफला उत । puṣpavatīḥ prasūmatīḥ phalinīraphalā uta | (Atha. Veda. 8.7.27) </nowiki><ref name=":7" /> |
| | + | | |
| | # puṣpavatī - bearing flowers | | # puṣpavatī - bearing flowers |
| − | # prasūmatī - | + | # prasūmatī - bearing flowers |
| | # phalinī - bearing fruits | | # phalinī - bearing fruits |
| | # aphalā - not bearing fruits | | # aphalā - not bearing fruits |
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| | # drumāḥ (trees) | | # drumāḥ (trees) |
| | | based on morphological characteristics as explained in Table 1 | | | based on morphological characteristics as explained in Table 1 |
| | + | |- |
| | + | |Kautilya's Arthashastra |
| | + | | |
| | + | | |
| | + | # sadaaru varga (timber yielding trees) |
| | + | # Venu-varga (group of reeds or bamboos) |
| | + | # Valli varga ( group of creepers) |
| | + | # Valka varga (group of fibre-yielding plants) |
| | + | # Rajjubandha varga (group of plants constituting raw materials for ropes) |
| | + | # Patra varga (plant leaves used for writing or as utensils) |
| | + | # Pushpavarga (for dyes) |
| | + | # Oushadha varga (for medicines) |
| | + | # Vishavarga (poison yielding plants) |
| | + | |based on economic uses |
| | |- | | |- |
| | |} | | |} |