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Line 154: − * Is the income sufficiently more than expenditure ? − − * I hope there is supply of water to the residents of Ayodhya in plenty. − ** Treasury − <blockquote> − − कच्चित् सर्वाणि दुर्गाणि धन धान्य आयुध उदकैः | यन्त्रैः च परिपूर्णानि तथा शिल्पि धनुर् धरैः || २-१००-५३ − − आयः ते विपुलः कच्चित् कच्चिद् अल्पतरो व्ययः | अपात्रेषु न ते कच्चित् कोशो गग्च्छति राघव || २-१००-५४ − − देवता अर्थे च पित्र् अर्थे ब्राह्मण अभ्यागतेषु च | योधेषु मित्र वर्गेषु कच्चिद् गग्च्छति ते व्ययः || २-१००-५५</blockquote> − − Meaning: '''I hope all your citadels are quite full of money, grain, weapons, water''' and mechanical contrivances as well as artisans and archers. − − '''I hope your income is abundant and expenditure, minimum.''' I hope your treasure does not reach undeserving people. − − O, Bharata! I hope that your expenditure goes for the cause of divinity, manes, brahmins, unexpected visitors, soldiers and hosts of friends. − * Do your ministers decide impartially between rich and the poor ? − − * Are the thieves caught red handed being punished without fail ? − * I hope that no innocent person is being punished. − ** Judiciary − <blockquote>कच्चिद् आर्यो विशुद्ध आत्मा क्षारितः चोर कर्मणा | अपृष्टः शास्त्र कुशलैर् न लोभाद् बध्यते शुचिः || २-१००-५६ − − गृहीतः चैव पृष्टः च काले दृष्टः सकारणः | कच्चिन् न मुच्यते चोरो धन लोभान् नर ऋषभ || २-१००-५७ − − व्यसने कच्चिद् आढ्यस्य दुगतस्य च राघव | अर्थम् विरागाः पश्यन्ति तव अमात्या बहु श्रुताः || २-१००-५८ − − यानि मिथ्या अभिशस्तानाम् पतन्त्य् अस्राणि राघव | तानि पुत्र पशून् घ्नन्ति प्रीत्य् अर्थम् अनुशासतः || २-१००-५९</blockquote>Meaning: '''If one of noble work, despite his honesty and integrity, is falsely accused of some offence, I hope he is not killed impatiently, without enquiry by those well-versed in law-books.''' − − O, foremost of men! '''If a thief is seen and even caught at the time of his act on sufficient ground and interrogated-I hope, he is not released from greed of wealth.''' − − O, Bharata! '''I hope that your well-educated ministers examine a case dispassionately when a contention occurs between a rich man and a poor man, after studying the situation carefully.''' − − The tears fallen from those who are the victims of false accusations, O Bharata, destroy their sons and herds of those who are indifferent to justice, merely for the sake of pleasure. −
Good Governance in Ramayana (रामायणे शासनधर्मः) (view source)
Revision as of 19:39, 20 May 2025
, 20 May→राज्ञः व्यवहारः ॥ Leader's Conduct: Editing and adding content with reference
तेषां गुप्तिपरीहारैः कच्चित् ते भरणं कृतम् | रक्ष्या हि राज्ञा धर्मेण सर्वे विषयवासिनः || २-१००-४८<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" /></blockquote>
तेषां गुप्तिपरीहारैः कच्चित् ते भरणं कृतम् | रक्ष्या हि राज्ञा धर्मेण सर्वे विषयवासिनः || २-१००-४८<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" /></blockquote>
* Appeasing the aged, children and the foremost physicians through dana (gifts), affection and kind words.
<blockquote>कच्चिद् वृद्धांश्च बालांश्च वैद्यमुख्यांश्च राघव | दानेन मनसा वाचा त्रिभिरेतैर्बुभूषसे || २-१००-६०<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" /></blockquote>
=== मन्त्रणायाः महत्त्वम् ॥ Importance of Counsel ===
=== मन्त्रणायाः महत्त्वम् ॥ Importance of Counsel ===
कालातिक्रमणाच्चैव भक्तवेतनयोर्भृताः | भर्तुः कुप्यन्ति दुष्यन्ति सो अनर्थः सुमहान् स्मृतः || २-१००-३३<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" /></blockquote>
कालातिक्रमणाच्चैव भक्तवेतनयोर्भृताः | भर्तुः कुप्यन्ति दुष्यन्ति सो अनर्थः सुमहान् स्मृतः || २-१००-३३<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" /></blockquote>
=== अर्थव्यवस्था ॥ Treasury ===
Rama pinpoints to the various parameters for the abundance of a nation by enquiring if 'the income is sufficiently more than the expenditure' and if 'there is supply of water to the residents of Ayodhya in plenty'.<ref name=":0" /> He says, <blockquote>
कच्चित् सर्वाणि दुर्गाणि धनधान्यायुधोदकैः | यन्त्रैः च परिपूर्णानि तथा शिल्पिधनुर्धरैः || २-१००-५३
आयः ते विपुलः कच्चित् कच्चिद् अल्पतरो व्ययः | अपात्रेषु न ते कच्चित् कोशो गच्छति राघव || २-१००-५४
देवतार्थे च पित्रर्थेब्राह्मणाभ्यागतेषु च | योधेषु मित्रवर्गेषु कच्चिद् गच्छति ते व्ययः || २-१००-५५</blockquote>
Meaning: Oh Bharata, I hope,
* All the forts are adequately provided with wealth, foodgrains, weapons, water, machines of war, craftsmen and archers.
* The income is abundant, expenditure is minimum and the treasure does not reach undeserving people.
* The expenditure goes for the cause of divinity, ancestors, brahmanas, guests, warriors and hosts of friends.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" />
=== न्यायव्यवस्था ॥ Judiciary ===
Rama stresses on ensuring that ministers decide impartially between rich and the poor, thieves caught red handed are being punished without fail and no innocent person is being punished.<ref name=":0" /> He says, <blockquote>कच्चिद् आर्यो विशुद्धात्मा क्षारितः च अपरकर्मणा | अपृष्टः शास्त्रकुशलैर्न लोभाद् बध्यते शुचिः || २-१००-५६
गृहीतः चैव पृष्टः च काले दृष्टः सकारणः | कच्चिन् न मुच्यते चोरो धनलोभान्नरर्षभ || २-१००-५७
व्यसने कच्चिद् आढ्यस्य दुर्गतस्य च राघव | अर्थं विरागाः पश्यन्ति तव अमात्या बहुश्रुताः || २-१००-५८</blockquote>Meaning: Oh Bharata, I hope
* A man who is honest, purehearted and venerable, falsely accused of some offence is not slain impatiently without enquiry by those well-versed in law-books.
* A thief, caught redhanded and interrogated with sufficient proof is not set free, out of greed for money.
* Well-informed ministers examine cases dispassionately when a contention occurs between a rich man and a poor man, after studying the situation carefully.
For it is said that tears fallen from the eyes of those who are victims of false accusations and are punished merely for the pleasure of those in command has the power to destroy their progeny and cattle.<blockquote>यानि मिथ्या अभिशस्तानां पतन्त्यश्रूणि राघव | तानि पुत्रान्पशून्घ्नन्ति प्रीत्यर्थम् अनुशासतः || २-१००-५९<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":14" /></blockquote>
=== Others ===
=== Others ===
I hope you greet your teachers, the elderly, the ascetics, the deities; the unexpected visitors, the trees standing at cross roads and all the brahmins of auspicious life and conduct.<blockquote>कच्चिद् गुरूमः च वृद्धामः च तापसान् देवता अतिथीन् | चैत्यामः च सर्वान् सिद्ध अर्थान् ब्राह्मणामः च नमस्यसि || २-१००-६१</blockquote>I hope you do not abrogate virtue by your excessive devotion to wealth or your excessive devotion to wealth or your earthly interests by your over-emphasis on religion or both your religious and secular interests by your self-indulgence in pleasure, greed and gratification of the senses<blockquote>कच्चिद् अर्थेन वा धर्मम् धर्मम् धर्मेण वा पुनः | उभौ वा प्रीति लोभेन कामेन न विबाधसे || २-१००-६२</blockquote>I hope your pursue wealth, religion and the delights of the sense dividing them all according to time, O Jewel among the victorious, the one who is conversant with the proper time and O, the bestower of boons<blockquote>कच्चिद् अर्थम् च धर्मम् च कामम् च जयताम् वर | विभज्य काले कालज्न सर्वान् भरत सेवसे || २-१००-६३</blockquote>I hope that you consult with three or four ministers as mentioned in scriptures any proposal collectively and singly with each of them in secret.<blockquote>मन्त्रिभिस्त्वं यथोद्दिष्टैश्चतुर्भिस्त्रिभिरेव वा | कच्चित्समस्तैर्व्यस्तैश्च मन्त्रं मन्त्रयसे मिथः || २-१००-७१</blockquote>
I hope you greet your teachers, the elderly, the ascetics, the deities; the unexpected visitors, the trees standing at cross roads and all the brahmins of auspicious life and conduct.<blockquote>कच्चिद् गुरूमः च वृद्धामः च तापसान् देवता अतिथीन् | चैत्यामः च सर्वान् सिद्ध अर्थान् ब्राह्मणामः च नमस्यसि || २-१००-६१</blockquote>I hope you do not abrogate virtue by your excessive devotion to wealth or your excessive devotion to wealth or your earthly interests by your over-emphasis on religion or both your religious and secular interests by your self-indulgence in pleasure, greed and gratification of the senses<blockquote>कच्चिद् अर्थेन वा धर्मम् धर्मम् धर्मेण वा पुनः | उभौ वा प्रीति लोभेन कामेन न विबाधसे || २-१००-६२</blockquote>I hope your pursue wealth, religion and the delights of the sense dividing them all according to time, O Jewel among the victorious, the one who is conversant with the proper time and O, the bestower of boons<blockquote>कच्चिद् अर्थम् च धर्मम् च कामम् च जयताम् वर | विभज्य काले कालज्न सर्वान् भरत सेवसे || २-१००-६३</blockquote>I hope that you consult with three or four ministers as mentioned in scriptures any proposal collectively and singly with each of them in secret.<blockquote>मन्त्रिभिस्त्वं यथोद्दिष्टैश्चतुर्भिस्त्रिभिरेव वा | कच्चित्समस्तैर्व्यस्तैश्च मन्त्रं मन्त्रयसे मिथः || २-१००-७१</blockquote>
# drawing up an army in a battle-array and
# drawing up an army in a battle-array and
# the two bases viz, peace and war.
# the two bases viz, peace and war.
From the aforesaid questions it may be seen that greatest priority was given to doctrine of trivarga. Other questions indicate what are the functions of good Government.
From the aforesaid questions it may be seen that greatest priority was given to doctrine of trivarga. Other questions indicate what are the functions of good Government.