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Ancient Indian Botany (वनस्पतिशास्त्रम्) (view source)

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→‎व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology
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==व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology==
 
==व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology==
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Shabdakalpadruma<ref name=":0">https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?search=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7</ref> mentions that the root word for वृक्षः (Vrksha) is व्रश्च used in the sense of छेदने, to cut. Amarakosha<ref name=":0" /> gives a few synonyms of trees depicting their characteristics.<blockquote>वृक्षो महीरुहः शाखी विटपी पादपस्तरुः । अनोकहः कुटः शालः पलाशी द्रुद्रुमागमाः ॥ vṛkṣo mahīruhaḥ śākhī viṭapī pādapastaruḥ | anokahaḥ kuṭaḥ śālaḥ palāśī drudrumāgamāḥ || (Amara. 2.4.5)
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Shabdakalpadruma<ref name=":0">Shabdakalpadhruma ([https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?search=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7 Vrksh])</ref> mentions that the root word for वृक्षः (Vrksha) is व्रश्च used in the sense of छेदने, to cut. Amarakosha<ref name=":0" /> gives a few synonyms of trees depicting their characteristics.<blockquote>वृक्षो महीरुहः शाखी विटपी पादपस्तरुः । अनोकहः कुटः शालः पलाशी द्रुद्रुमागमाः ॥ vṛkṣo mahīruhaḥ śākhī viṭapī pādapastaruḥ | anokahaḥ kuṭaḥ śālaḥ palāśī drudrumāgamāḥ || (Amara. 2.4.5)
    
अगच्छः १४ विष्टरः १५ महीरुट् १६ कुचिः १७ स्थिरः १८ कारस्करः १९ नगः २० अगः २१ कुटारः २२ । इति शब्दरत्नावली ॥
 
अगच्छः १४ विष्टरः १५ महीरुट् १६ कुचिः १७ स्थिरः १८ कारस्करः १९ नगः २० अगः २१ कुटारः २२ । इति शब्दरत्नावली ॥
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agacchaḥ 14 viṣṭaraḥ 15 mahīruṭ 16 kuciḥ 17 sthiraḥ 18 kāraskaraḥ 19 nagaḥ 20 agaḥ 21 kuṭāraḥ 22 | iti śabdaratnāvalī ||
 
agacchaḥ 14 viṣṭaraḥ 15 mahīruṭ 16 kuciḥ 17 sthiraḥ 18 kāraskaraḥ 19 nagaḥ 20 agaḥ 21 kuṭāraḥ 22 | iti śabdaratnāvalī ||
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विटपः २३ कुजः २४ वनस्पतिः २५ अद्रिः २६ शिखरी २७ कुठः २८ । इति जटाधरः ॥ कुञ्जः २९ क्षितिरुहः ३० अङ्घ्रिपः ३१ भूरुहः ३२ भूजः ३३ महीजः ३४ धरणीरुह ३५ क्षितिजः ३६ शालः ३७ । इति राजनिर्घण्टः ॥<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?search=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%83&page=kosha</ref>
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विटपः २३ कुजः २४ वनस्पतिः २५ अद्रिः २६ शिखरी २७ कुठः २८ । इति जटाधरः ॥ कुञ्जः २९ क्षितिरुहः ३० अङ्घ्रिपः ३१ भूरुहः ३२ भूजः ३३ महीजः ३४ धरणीरुह ३५ क्षितिजः ३६ शालः ३७ । इति राजनिर्घण्टः ॥
    
viṭapaḥ 23 kujaḥ 24 vanaspatiḥ 25 adriḥ 26 śikharī 27 kuṭhaḥ 28 | iti jaṭādharaḥ || kuñjaḥ 29 kṣitiruhaḥ 30 aṅghripaḥ 31 bhūruhaḥ 32 bhūjaḥ 33 mahījaḥ 34 dharaṇīruha 35 kṣitijaḥ 36 śālaḥ 37 | iti rājanirghaṇṭaḥ ||</blockquote>They are vrksha, mahīruhaḥ śākhī viṭapī pādapa, taruḥ, anokahaḥ kuṭaḥ śālaḥ drudruma and palāśī according to Amarakosha; agacchaḥ, viṣṭaraḥ, mahīruṭ, kuciḥ, sthiraḥ, kāraskaraḥ, nagaḥ, agaḥ, kuṭāraḥa as per Shabdaratnavali and other terms are synonyms for trees. A few term and their meanings are explained below.
 
viṭapaḥ 23 kujaḥ 24 vanaspatiḥ 25 adriḥ 26 śikharī 27 kuṭhaḥ 28 | iti jaṭādharaḥ || kuñjaḥ 29 kṣitiruhaḥ 30 aṅghripaḥ 31 bhūruhaḥ 32 bhūjaḥ 33 mahījaḥ 34 dharaṇīruha 35 kṣitijaḥ 36 śālaḥ 37 | iti rājanirghaṇṭaḥ ||</blockquote>They are vrksha, mahīruhaḥ śākhī viṭapī pādapa, taruḥ, anokahaḥ kuṭaḥ śālaḥ drudruma and palāśī according to Amarakosha; agacchaḥ, viṣṭaraḥ, mahīruṭ, kuciḥ, sthiraḥ, kāraskaraḥ, nagaḥ, agaḥ, kuṭāraḥa as per Shabdaratnavali and other terms are synonyms for trees. A few term and their meanings are explained below.
 
*महीरुह ​(मह्यां रोहति जायत इति) - that which gets planted and grows on Earth
 
*महीरुह ​(मह्यां रोहति जायत इति) - that which gets planted and grows on Earth
 
*शाखिन् (शाखाऽस्त्यस्य।) - that which is branching, ramifying
 
*शाखिन् (शाखाऽस्त्यस्य।) - that which is branching, ramifying
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*विटपिन् (विटपोऽस्यास्ति)<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D</ref> - that which has branches or boughs
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*विटपिन् (विटपोऽस्यास्ति)<ref>[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D विटपिन्] </ref> - that which has branches or boughs
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*पादप (पादेन मूलेन पिबति रसानिति)<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AA</ref> ​that which drinks (sap) from feet (roots)
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*पादप (पादेन मूलेन पिबति रसानिति)<ref>[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AA पादप] </ref> ​that which drinks (sap) from feet (roots)
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*तरु (तरति समुद्रादिकमनेनेति as per Shabdakalpadhruma)<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81</ref> that by which people overcome heat
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*तरु (तरति समुद्रादिकमनेनेति as per Shabdakalpadhruma)<ref>[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81 तरु in Shabdakalpadhruma]</ref> that by which people overcome heat
 
*अनोकह (अनसः शकटस्य अकं गमनं) ​that which does not quit his home or place (does not move)
 
*अनोकह (अनसः शकटस्य अकं गमनं) ​that which does not quit his home or place (does not move)
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*कुटः (कौटिल्ये as per Vachaspatyam)<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F</ref> that which is crooked
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*कुटः (कौटिल्ये as per Vachaspatyam)<ref>[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F कुटः] </ref> that which is crooked
 
*शालः (वृक्षभेदे) a kind of a very tall and stately tree
 
*शालः (वृक्षभेदे) a kind of a very tall and stately tree
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*पलाशी (पलाशं विद्यतेऽस्य)<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D</ref> which has leaves
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*पलाशी (पलाशं विद्यतेऽस्य)<ref>[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D पलाशी] </ref> which has leaves
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*अगमः (न गच्छतीति)<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE</ref> that which doesn’t move
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*अगमः (न गच्छतीति)<ref>[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?page=kosha&search=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE अगमः] </ref> that which doesn’t move
 
Similar scientific basis was adopted in naming the different varieties of plants based on various factors. Plants were named according to<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12" />
 
Similar scientific basis was adopted in naming the different varieties of plants based on various factors. Plants were named according to<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12" />
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|वनस्पतिः (vanaspatiḥ)
 
|वनस्पतिः (vanaspatiḥ)
 
|It means 'the lord over forest.' A tree or forest in general
 
|It means 'the lord over forest.' A tree or forest in general
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|विना पुष्पं फलिद्रुमः । अपुष्पाः फलवन्तो ये ते वनस्पतयः स्मृताः ॥ वृक्षमात्रम् । इति मेदिनी।<ref>https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?search=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83+</ref><nowiki> vinā puṣpaṃ phalidrumaḥ | apuṣpāḥ phalavanto ye te vanaspatayaḥ smṛtāḥ || vṛkṣamātram | iti medinī |</nowiki>
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|विना पुष्पं फलिद्रुमः । अपुष्पाः फलवन्तो ये ते वनस्पतयः स्मृताः ॥ वृक्षमात्रम् । इति मेदिनी।<ref>[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?search=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%83+ वनस्पतिः] </ref><nowiki> vinā puṣpaṃ phalidrumaḥ | apuṣpāḥ phalavanto ye te vanaspatayaḥ smṛtāḥ || vṛkṣamātram | iti medinī |</nowiki>
    
Vanaspatis or trees bear fruit without an apparent flowering stage.
 
Vanaspatis or trees bear fruit without an apparent flowering stage.
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|द्रुमाः (drumāḥ)
 
|द्रुमाः (drumāḥ)
 
|A tree
 
|A tree
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|ये पुष्पैः फलन्ति ते द्रुमाः ।<ref name=":9">https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?search=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0</ref><nowiki> ye puṣpaiḥ phalanti te drumāḥ |</nowiki>
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|ये पुष्पैः फलन्ति ते द्रुमाः ।<ref name=":9">[https://ashtadhyayi.com/kosha?search=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0 ओषधयः] </ref><nowiki> ye puṣpaiḥ phalanti te drumāḥ |</nowiki>
 
A tree that bears fruits through flowers is termed drumāḥ.
 
A tree that bears fruits through flowers is termed drumāḥ.
 
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