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'''Tatvabhasha''', mentions that the group of varnas (in the context of Vyakarana) or syllables is called pada and it's meaning is called Padartha.

'''Tatvabhasha''', mentions that the group of varnas (in the context of Vyakarana) or syllables is called pada and it's meaning is called Padartha.

== Padartha Lakshana ==

== पदार्थलाक्षणं॥ Padartha Lakshana ==

In general, Padartha is defined as any material, a substance, a thing. Tarkadipika describes that the ability of assigning "nomenclature" (i.e., 'naming' any substance) is the general definition of Padartha.<blockquote>अभिधेयत्वम्  पदार्थ सामान्य लाक्षणं ॥ abhidhēyatvam padārtha sāmānya lākṣaṇaṁ ||<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>A deeper scientific meaning of padartha is different. Sankhya and Vaiseshika darshanas define that an object denoted by a word (pada) is known as Padartha. Whatever knowable is described by a certain word, all knowable things are described by their respective words; hence are called Padarthas (plural). All substances, their qualities, actions, species, and mutual relations and even the negation of these are mentioned as padarthas.<ref name=":1" />

In general, Padartha is defined as any material, a substance, a thing. Tarkadipika describes that the ability of assigning "nomenclature" (i.e., 'naming' any substance) is the general definition of Padartha.<blockquote>अभिधेयत्वम्  पदार्थ सामान्य लाक्षणं ॥ abhidhēyatvam padārtha sāmānya lākṣaṇaṁ ||<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>A deeper scientific meaning of padartha is different. Sankhya and Vaiseshika darshanas define that an object denoted by a word (pada) is known as Padartha. Whatever knowable is described by a certain word, all knowable things are described by their respective words; hence are called Padarthas (plural). All substances, their qualities, actions, species, and mutual relations and even the negation of these are mentioned as padarthas.<ref name=":1" />

== पदार्थज्ञानाप्रयोजनम् ॥ Padartha Jnana Prayojana ==

== पदार्थज्ञानाप्रयोजनम् ॥ Padartha Jnana Prayojana ==

The Nyaya shastra explicitly dealing with the process of Reasoning, Means of right cognition and other Padarthas (categories) is the lamp for all tattva shastras; the Means (of Knowledge) of all things and is the very basis of all activities of the universe and hence expounded at the very outset of investigative procedures. The very first Nyaya sutra states that the attainment of [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nihshreyasa]] is the goal of the knowledge of Padarthas. Now does Nihshreyasa or the Ultimate Good appear immediately after gaining "true knowledge" or padartha jnana? to which the following sutra answers, that after gaining padartha jnana<blockquote>दुःखजन्मप्रवृत्तिदोषमिथ्याज्ञानानां उत्तरोत्तरापाये तदनन्तरापायातपवर्गः।।२।। {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.2)<ref name=":4" />

The Nyaya shastra explicitly dealing with the process of Reasoning, Means of right cognition and other Padarthas (categories) is the lamp for all tattva shastras; the Means (of Knowledge) of all things and is the very basis of all activities of the universe and hence expounded at the very outset of investigative procedures. The very first Nyaya sutra states that the attainment of [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|Nihshreyasa]] is the goal of the knowledge of Padarthas. Now does Nihshreyasa or the Ultimate Good appear immediately after gaining "true knowledge" or padartha jnana? to which the following sutra answers, that after gaining padartha jnana<blockquote>दुःखजन्मप्रवृत्तिदोषमिथ्याज्ञानानां उत्तरोत्तरापाये तदनन्तरापायातपवर्गः।।२।। {पदार्थोद्देशसूत्रम्} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.2)<ref name=":4" />  

duḥkhajanmapravr̥ttidōṣamithyājñānānāṁ uttarōttarāpāyē tadanantarāpāyātapavargaḥ।।2।। {padārthōddēśasūtram} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.2)</blockquote>There is cessation of each of the following series, the cessation of that which follows brings about the annihilation of that which precedes it and ultimately leads to Nihshreyasa or the Ultimate Good of any being.<ref name=":6" />

duḥkhajanmapravr̥ttidōṣamithyājñānānāṁ uttarōttarāpāyē tadanantarāpāyātapavargaḥ।।2।। {padārthōddēśasūtram} (Nyaya. Sutr. 1.1.2)</blockquote>There is cessation of each of the following series, the cessation of that which follows brings about the annihilation of that which precedes it and ultimately leads to Nihshreyasa or the Ultimate Good of any being.<ref name=":6" />

Samavaya : इहेदमिति यतः कार्यकारणयोः स समवायः । वैशेषिक-७,२.२६ ।

Samavaya : इहेदमिति यतः कार्यकारणयोः स समवायः । वैशेषिक-७,२.२६ ।

== References ==

== References ==

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[[Category:Darshanas]]

[[Category:Darshanas]]