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| == व्युतपत्तिः ॥ Etymology == | | == व्युतपत्तिः ॥ Etymology == |
− | The term Svasthya includes स्व (Sva) = self, and स्थ (Stha) = being established. The word svastha in its original meaning refers to being established in one’s Self (Atman) which lead to svasthya, a sense of wellbeing. However, it is also used as a suffix in deha svasthya (देहस्वास्थ्यम्) and manah svasthya (मनस्स्वास्थ्यम्), to refer to physical and mental health and wellbeing. Thus it is used as a generic term.<ref name=":2" /> | + | The term Svasthya (स्वास्थ्यम्) includes स्व (Sva) = self, and स्थ (Stha) = being established. The word svastha in its original meaning refers to being established in one’s Self (Atman) which lead to svasthya, a sense of wellbeing. However, it is also used as a suffix in deha svasthya (देहस्वास्थ्यम्) and manah svasthya (मनस्स्वास्थ्यम्), to refer to physical and mental health and wellbeing. Thus it is used as a generic term.<ref name=":2" /> |
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| Vachaspatyam quotes the term svasthya as applicable in health (आरोग्ये) and contentment (सन्तोषे). The Apte Sanskrit Hindi Dictionary mentions the meanings as | | Vachaspatyam quotes the term svasthya as applicable in health (आरोग्ये) and contentment (सन्तोषे). The Apte Sanskrit Hindi Dictionary mentions the meanings as |
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| # ease | | # ease |
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− | In psychological as well as popular parlance the concepts that are used frequently when talking about well-being are ''welfare, adjustment, adaptation, balance, equilibrium, homeostasis, competence and health''. In recent years, the expression '''quality of life''<nowiki/>' has also come in.<ref name=":4" /> | + | Well-being is an expression commonly used in popular parlance, but does not usually find a place in technical literature. Therefore, it is all the more essential to define it and delimit its meaning. In psychological as well as popular parlance the concepts that are used frequently when talking about well-being are ''welfare, adjustment, adaptation, balance, equilibrium, homeostasis, competence and health''. In recent years, the expression '''quality of life''<nowiki/>' has also come in.<ref name=":4" /> |
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| As defined in Oxford Dictionary, the term 'well-being" is equated with "''welfare''" which in turn is conceptualized as "''satisfactory state, health, prosperity''".<ref name=":4" /> According to Monier Williams Cologne Dictionary it is defined as ''self-dependence, sound state (of body or soul), health, ease, comfort, contentment, and satisfaction''. | | As defined in Oxford Dictionary, the term 'well-being" is equated with "''welfare''" which in turn is conceptualized as "''satisfactory state, health, prosperity''".<ref name=":4" /> According to Monier Williams Cologne Dictionary it is defined as ''self-dependence, sound state (of body or soul), health, ease, comfort, contentment, and satisfaction''. |
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− | === Defining the Context of Svasthya or Well-being === | + | === Defining the context of Svasthya or Well-being === |
| The term ‘svasthya’ includes many aspects such as, happiness, energy, leisure, peace with oneself, contentment and sensitivity to environment. Well-being involves not only happiness and pleasure but also experiencing/feeling satisfaction in life, presence of positive feeling or affect (e g. interest, love, surprise, pleasure) and the absence of negative feelings (e.g. anxiety, depression, stress). Well-being is a matter of how one experiences and interprets one’s life conditions. Money, property, power, social standing and prestige provide us with limited sense of well-being. While material prosperity is positively related to self satisfaction to some extent, left unchecked it undermines the well-being of a person.<ref name=":1" /> | | The term ‘svasthya’ includes many aspects such as, happiness, energy, leisure, peace with oneself, contentment and sensitivity to environment. Well-being involves not only happiness and pleasure but also experiencing/feeling satisfaction in life, presence of positive feeling or affect (e g. interest, love, surprise, pleasure) and the absence of negative feelings (e.g. anxiety, depression, stress). Well-being is a matter of how one experiences and interprets one’s life conditions. Money, property, power, social standing and prestige provide us with limited sense of well-being. While material prosperity is positively related to self satisfaction to some extent, left unchecked it undermines the well-being of a person.<ref name=":1" /> |
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| == Psychological Processes involved in Svasthya == | | == Psychological Processes involved in Svasthya == |
− | It denotes a desirable state of affairs of the individual that ensures proper development of his potential so that he is able to meet the various demands of his environment, and satisfy his needs in a socially acceptable manner. The technical concept that comes closest to it is that of ''''adjustment'''<nowiki/>'. It implies a continuous process of interaction between the individual and his environment and includes the aspect of maladjustment.
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| + | === Adjustment === |
| + | Svasthya denotes a desirable state of affairs of the individual that ensures proper development of his potential so that he is able to meet the various demands of his environment, and satisfy his needs in a socially acceptable manner. In modern psychological studies, the technical concept that comes closest to it is that of ''''adjustment'''<nowiki/>'. It implies a continuous process of interaction between the individual and his environment and this includes the aspect of maladjustment. Adjustment is equated with those responses which denote harmonious and effective relationship with the environment whereby psychological growth is promoted.<ref name=":4" /> |
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| + | Thompson<ref name=":4" /> has spelled out at some length the psychological processes that are associated with a satisfactory state of well-being. The person who makes majority of his adjustments within normal range has learned to do the following: |
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| + | (i) '''seek long term gains''', deny or delay immediate need satisfaction or short term gains, |
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| + | (ii) perceive difference between socially acceptable and unacceptable goals that promise to satisfy his needs, |
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| + | (iii) select goals that are realistic and within his grasp, |
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| + | (iv) select goals for satisfying his needs e.g., compensation mechanism whereby he substitutes, if necessary, his goals that cannot be satisfied, |
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| + | (v) vary his behaviour, |
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| + | (vi) satisfy majority of his psychological needs on "reality level" rather than resort frequently to fantasy, |
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| + | (vii) develop tolerance for frustration, and making goal-oriented rather than ego-defensive reactions to frustration, |
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| + | (viii) tolerate a reasonable amount of anxiety so that his behaviour is not disrupted, |
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| + | (ix) seek variety of goals to satisfy his psychological needs so that socially unacceptable eccentricities in behaviour patterns is prevented, |
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| + | (x) accept natural and social outcomes of his behaviour and plans for future accordingly, i.e., profit from experience, re-evaluate the situation and try another approach, |
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| + | (xi) develop warm personal relationships with a reasonable number of associates, |
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| + | (xii) face future, re-direct his behaviour in terms of past experience, and not be psychologically paralysed by guilt feelings over past failures, inadequacies and behaviour transgressions, and |
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| + | (xiii) self-report that he feels "happy", "adequate" and so on. |
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| == Role of Worldview in Svasthya == | | == Role of Worldview in Svasthya == |