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Line 32: − is is tt, Brahman. Sarvam khalu idam Brahma' =+ − Everything is Brahman. The entire universe i, 't Divine, which includes our − self. The Divine is not only the consciousness principle in'ytne and I, it is − also the being principle in all things. It is the ultimate object as well as − the in nio°11 subject in all beings. It is one and all and all in one. This − statement is to be understood in tiist. most concrete sense. When I am talking − to a person, be it a friend or foe or stranger, 1 shou'llr believe that s/he is − Brahman Itself who has put on that particular garb or form which appead to be − limited. The person in our front may not be nice; still we have to respectfully − handle thrs his students to describe God. He states "The Divine is not − this and it is not that" ( . ' I meeting. It does not mean that we should − be subservient to everyone or openly sayn,e`t:dnoeinioe,t 1 know − anything". All that is required is that we should handle the meeting with − awareness. − ===Other Mahavakyas===+ − * '''brahma satyam jagan mithyā''' - Brahman is real; the world is unreal - [[Vivekachudamani]] − * '''ekam evadvitiyam brahma''' - Brahman is one, without a second - [[Chāndogya Upaniṣad]] − * '''[[Soham (Sanskrit)|so 'ham]]''' - He am I - [[Isha Upanishad]] − * '''sarvam khalvidam brahma''' - All of this is brahman - [[Chāndogya Upaniṣad]] 3.14.1 − + − {{See also|Prajna (Vedic){{!}}Prajna}}+ − Several translations, and word-orders of these translations, are possible:+ − + − * ''jñā'' can be translated as "consciousness", "knowledge", or "understanding."<ref>See, e.g., Monier-Williams (1899), "jña," p. 425 (retrieved 14 Aug. 2012 from "Cologne U." at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/MWScanpdf/mw0425-jehila.pdf).</ref> − * ''Pra'' is an intensifier which could be translated as "higher", "greater", "supreme" or "premium",<ref>See, e.g., Monier-Williams (1899), "prā," p. 652 (retrieved 14 Aug. 2012 from "Cologne U." at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0659-prajalpana.jpg)</ref> or "being born or springing up",{{sfn|Loy|1997|p=136}} referring to a spontaneous type of knowing.{{sfn|Loy|1997|p=136}}{{refn|group=note|Compare Radhakrishnan's notion of "intuition". See <ref group=web>[http://www.iep.utm.edu/radhakri/#SH2bi Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ''Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888—1975)'']</ref><ref group=web>[http://www.unipune.ac.in/snc/cssh/ipq/english/IPQ/21-25%20volumes/24%2001/PDF/24-1-1.pdf Ashok Vora, ''Radhakrishna's notion of intuitive knowledge: a critique]</ref><ref group=web>[DR. SIR S. RADHAKRISHNAN, ''Intellect and Intuition in Sankara's Philosophy'']</ref>}} − − ''Prajñānam'' as a whole means: − * प्रज्ञान, "prajñāna",<ref group=web name="SanskritDict">[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=+prajnanam&trans=Translate&direction=AU Sanskrit Dictionary, ''prajnanam'']</ref> − ** Adjective: prudent, easily known, wise<ref group=web name="SanskritDict" /> − ** Noun: discrimination, knowledge, wisdom, intelligence. Also: distinctive mark, monument, token of recognition, any mark or sign or characteristic, memorial<ref group=web name="SanskritDict" /> − * "Consciousness"{{sfn|Grimes|1996|p=234}}<ref group=web name="Jiddu" /> − * "Intelligence"{{sfn|Sivaraman|1973|p=146}}{{sfn|Braue|1984|p=80}} − * "Wisdom"<ref group="web" name="Encyclopedy">[http://hinduism.enacademic.com/479/mahavakyas Encyclopedy of Hinduism, ''Mahavakyas'']</ref> − − Related terms are ''[[jnana|jñāna]]'', ''prajñā'' and ''prajñam'', "pure consciousness".{{sfn|Raṅganāthānanda|1991|p=109}} Although the common translation of ''jñānam''{{sfn|Raṅganāthānanda|1991|p=109}} is "consciousness", the term has a broader meaning of "knowing"; "becoming acquainted with",<ref group=web name="SDjnanam">[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=HK&beginning=0+&tinput=+jnanam&trans=Translate&direction=AU Sanskrit Dictionary, ''jnanam'']</ref> "knowledge about anything",<ref group=web name="SDjnanam" /> "awareness",<ref group=web name="SDjnanam" /> "higher knowledge".<ref group=web name="SDjnanam" /> − − '''Brahman''': − * "The Absolute"{{sfn|Grimes|1996|p=234}}<ref group=web name="Jiddu" /> − * "Infinite"<ref group=web name="Jiddu" /> − * "The Highest truth"<ref group=web name="Jiddu" /> − − Most interpretations state: "Prajñānam (noun) is Brahman (adjective)". Some translations give a reverse order, stating "Brahman is Prajñānam",<ref group=web name="Encyclopedy" /> specifically "Brahman (noun) is Prajñānam (adjective)": "The Ultimate Reality is wisdom (or consciousness)".<ref group=web name="Encyclopedy" /> − − Sahu explains: − {{quote|''Prajnanam iti Brahman'' - wisdom is the soul/spirit. ''Prajnanam'' refers to the intuitive truth which can be verified/tested by reason. It is a higher function of the intellect that ascertains the ''Sat'' or Truth in the ''Sat-Chit-Ananda'' or truth-consciousness-bliss, i.e. the ''Brahman/Atman/Self''/person [...] A truly wise person [...] is known as ''Prajna'' - who has attained ''Brahman''hood itself; thus, testifying to the ''Vedic'' ''Maha Vakya'' (great saying or words of wisdom): ''Prajnanam iti Brahman''.{{sfn|Sahu|2004|p=41}}}} − − And according to David Loy, − {{quote|The knowledge of Brahman [...] is not intuition ''of'' Brahman but itself ''is'' Brahman.{{sfn|Loy|1997|p=62}}}}
Mahavakyas (महावाक्यानि) (view source)
Revision as of 18:30, 16 January 2018
, 18:30, 16 January 2018Details of 5th Mahavakya added.
''(''[[Chaandogya Upanishad (छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्)|Chaandogya Upanishad]], 3:14:1, [[Samaveda (सामवेद)|Samaveda]])
''(''[[Chaandogya Upanishad (छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्)|Chaandogya Upanishad]], 3:14:1, [[Samaveda (सामवेद)|Samaveda]])
Literal Meaning: All this is the Brahman.
The entire universe is the Divine, which includes our self. The Divine is not only the consciousness principle in you and I, it is also the being principle in all things. It is the ultimate object as well as the in most subject in all beings. It is one and all and all in one. This statement is to be understood in its most concrete sense. When I am talking to a person, be it a friend or foe or stranger, I should believe that s/he is Brahman Itself who has put on that particular garb or form which appears to be limited.<ref name=":0" />
===Prajñānam Brahma===
=== ''Prajnanam Brahma (''प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म)<ref name=":0" /> ===
([[Aitareya Upanishad]], 3:3, [[Rigveda]])
Literal Meaning: Consciousness is Brahman.
'''Prajñānam''':
In the sentence, 'Prajnanam Brahma' or Consciousness is Brahman, a definition of Reality is given. The best definition of Brahman would be to give expression to its supra-essential essence, and not to describe it with reference to accidental attributes, such as creatorship etc. That, which is ultimately responsible for all our sensory activities, as seeing, hearing, etc., is Consciousness. Though Consciousness does not directly see or hear, it is impossible to have these sensory operations without it. Hence it should be considered as the final meaning of our mental and physical activities. Brahman is that which is Absolute, fills all space, is complete in itself, to which there is no second, and which is continuously present in everything, from the creator down to the lowest of matter. It, being everywhere, is also in each and every individual.<ref name=":0" />
==References==
==References==