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Vyakaranam is described as the वेद पुरुष || Veda purusha's face.   

Vyakaranam is described as the वेद पुरुष || Veda purusha's face.   

व्याक्रियन्ते शब्दाः अनेन इति व्याकरणम् ।

व्याक्रियन्ते शब्दाः अनेन इति व्याकरणम् । is the व्युत्पत्ति अर्धम || vyutpatti ardham or the subjective definition of word. 

Is the व्युत्पत्ति अर्धम || vyutpatti ardham or the subjective definition of word. This shastra only deliberates on the शुद्ध्यशुद्ध्योः || shuddhyashuddhyo (accurate and inaccurate) usages of words in संस्कृत वाङ्ग्मय || Samskrita vaangmaya or literature. It is grammar of संस्कृत श्लोक || samskrita slokas and it deals with the formation of words, different forms of the words and their combination, usage and semantic nuances. Although, ऋगवेद || Rigvedic references to grammar are available, it is only the तैत्रिय संहिता || Taittiriya samhita that outlines the story of origin of grammar. In महर्षि यस्क || Maharshi Yaska's निरुक्त || Nirukta, different technical or conventional terms related to grammar are available in abundance.   

This shastra only deliberates on the शुद्ध्यशुद्ध्योः || shuddhyashuddhyo (accurate and inaccurate) usages of words in संस्कृत वाङ्ग्मय || Samskrita vaangmaya or literature. It is grammar of संस्कृत श्लोक || samskrita slokas and it deals with the formation of words, different forms of the words and their combination, usage and semantic nuances. Although, ऋगवेद || Rigvedic references to grammar are available, it is only the तैत्रिय संहिता || Taittiriya samhita that outlines the story of origin of grammar. In महर्षि यस्क || Maharshi Yaska's निरुक्त || Nirukta, different technical or conventional terms related to grammar are available in abundance.   

It was महर्षि पाणिनि || Maharshi Panini who has given '''अष्टध्यायी || Ashthadhyayi''' the most profound and brilliant treatise on grammar to the intellectual world, wherein he describes all the previous grammarians belonging to a time period before him.  Also called शब्दानुशासनम् || Shabdaanusashanam it was the अष्टध्ययि || Asthadhyayi which brought about the regularization of grammatical rules of the vedic usages also.  

It was महर्षि पाणिनि || Maharshi Panini who has given '''अष्टध्यायी || Ashthadhyayi''' the most profound and brilliant treatise on grammar to the intellectual world, wherein he describes all the previous grammarians belonging to a time period before him.  Also called शब्दानुशासनम् || Shabdaanusashanam it was the अष्टध्ययि || Asthadhyayi which brought about the regularization of grammatical rules of the vedic usages also.  

'''Difference between Nighantu and Nirukta''' :  A Dictionary or निघन्टुः || Nighantu is a compilation of usages of Vedic literature whereas निरुक्तम् || Nirukta extensively discusses the different Vedic words and their applications. Derivation of meaning of vedic terms is achieved in Nirukta. A dictionary consists of पञ्चद्याय || Panchadhyayas (5 components) whereas Nirukta deals with द्वदशाद्याय || Dvadashaadhyayas (12 components).

'''Difference between Nighantu and Nirukta''' :  A Dictionary or निघन्टुः || Nighantu is a compilation of usages of Vedic literature whereas निरुक्तम् || Nirukta extensively discusses the different Vedic words and their applications. Derivation of meaning of vedic terms is achieved in Nirukta. A dictionary consists of पञ्चद्याय || Panchadhyayas (5 components) whereas Nirukta deals with द्वदशाद्याय || Dvadashaadhyayas (12 components).

=== छन्दः ॥ Chandas ===

=== छन्दः ॥ Chandas ===

Vedas are bound in छन्दः || chandas or in a metre. Since vedas are highly dependent on the sound or the way they are uttered, chandas very important for their accurate utterance.  It is  the science for determination of metrical forms and qualities of mantras.

 

Vedas are bound in छन्दः || chandas or in a metre. Since vedas are highly dependent on the sound or the way they are uttered, chandas is very important for their accurate utterance.  It is  the science for determination of metrical forms and qualities of mantras.

The ऋग्वेद || rigveda and सामवेद || samaveda mantras are totally constructed with chandas. यजुर्वेद || Yajurveda has both prose and श्लोक || sloka forms of mantras, and the slokas are all built with appropriate chandas.  

The ऋग्वेद || rigveda and सामवेद || samaveda mantras are totally constructed with chandas. यजुर्वेद || Yajurveda has both prose and श्लोक || sloka forms of mantras, and the slokas are all built with appropriate chandas.  

* अभिकृति || Abhikruti (100 अक्षराणि || aksharani)

* अभिकृति || Abhikruti (100 अक्षराणि || aksharani)

* उत्कृति || Utkruti (104 अक्षराणि || aksharani)   

* उत्कृति || Utkruti (104 अक्षराणि || aksharani)   

are among a few as examples.   

are among a few as examples. Other texts dealing with Chandas are Rigpratisakhya, Sankhyayana Srauta sutras and Nidana Sutra of Samaveda.<ref>Introduction to [http://vedicheritage.gov.in/vedangas/chanda/ Chandas]</ref>  

=== ज्योतिषम् ॥ Jyotisham ===

=== ज्योतिषम् ॥ Jyotisham ===

It is study of the Universe,i.e.,astrology or astronomy to determine the configuration and position of stars and planets etc., in order to fix favorable or propitious times for performing यज्ञ || Yagas or Hindu rituals.  

Lagadha is regarded as the author of ancient Jyotisha. It is study of the Universe,i.e.,astrology or astronomy to determine the configuration and position of stars and planets etc., in order to fix favorable or propitious times for performing यज्ञ || Yagas or Hindu rituals.  

ज्योतिष शस्त्रम् || Jyotishshastram is like the eye to the वेद पुरुषः || veda purusha.  Without the knowledge of this शस्त्र || shastra, काल || kala (time) cannot be determined, for example - Auspiciousness of the Day, night, fortnight, month, season, and year cannot be determined. Auspicious time for the performance of यज्ञ || yagnas and for travel the time is determined by the knowledge of this shastra. वैदिक संहिता || Vaidika samhitas explicitly deal with the काल || kala (time) as in जीवेम शरदम् शतम् || jeevema sharadam shatam.

ज्योतिष शस्त्रम् || Jyotishshastram is like the eye to the वेद पुरुषः || veda purusha.  Without the knowledge of this शस्त्र || shastra, काल || kala (time) cannot be determined, for example - Auspiciousness of the Day, night, fortnight, month, season, and year cannot be determined. Auspicious time for the performance of यज्ञ || yagnas and for travel the time is determined by the knowledge of this shastra. वैदिक संहिता || Vaidika samhitas explicitly deal with the काल || kala (time) as in जीवेम शरदम् शतम् || jeevema sharadam shatam.

== Notes ==

== Notes ==

व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana and निरुक्तम् || Nirukta are unique to each Veda. Whereas शिक्षा || Siksha, छन्दः || Chandas, कल्प || Kalpa and ज्योतिष || Jyotisa are common  for all Vedas.

व्याकरणम् ॥ Vyakarana and निरुक्तम् || Nirukta are unique to each Veda. Whereas शिक्षा || Siksha, छन्दः || Chandas, कल्प || Kalpa and ज्योतिष || Jyotisa are common  for all Vedas.