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Line 142: − Panchamahayagnas are described in many Grhyasutras. <blockquote>अथातः पञ्चयज्ञाः १ </blockquote><blockquote>देवयज्ञो भूतयज्ञः पितृयज्ञो ब्रह्मयज्ञो मनुष्ययज्ञ इति २</blockquote><blockquote>तद्यदग्नौ जुहोति स देवयज्ञो यद्बलिङ्करोति स भूतयज्ञो यत्पितृभ्यो ददाति स पितृयज्ञो यत्स्वाध्यायमधीयते स ब्रह्मयज्ञो यन्मनुष्येभ्यो ददाति स मनुष्ययज्ञ इति ३ </blockquote><blockquote>तानेतान्यज्ञानहरहः कुर्वीत ४ १ (Asva. Grhy. Sutr. 3.1.1 to 4)<ref name=":222" /></blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : Now the Panchayagnas. The yagna for devatas, yagna for (other living) beings, yagna for forefathers, yagna for Brahma, yagna for human beings. </blockquote><blockquote>Here when offerings are made in Agni, this yagna is for the devatas. That which is offered as bali, is the yagna for other beings. That (pindas) which is given for forefathers, is the pitru yagna. That study (of the vedas) is the brahma yagna, and that which gives to men, is the manushya yagna. These five yagnas are to be performed everyday.</blockquote>After the Pratah Homa (according to Hirayakeshi sutras) or after the Madhyaanika Sandhya (according to Asvalaayana sutras) or after the Vaisvedeva, Brahma yagna has to be performed. It includes the study of vedas, itihasas and puranas and slight variations in the timings are seen according to the shakaas followed<ref name=":0222222" />. + Line 151:
Line 151: − + − === त्रेताज्ञयः ॥ Three Fires === − All Srauta yagnas or yaagas are associated with त्रेताज्ञयः the three Agni's.<ref name=":022222222" /> However, not all three fires are lighted and maintained at all times. त्रेताज्ञयः the three fires are kindled in performance of yaagas. Somayaagas require the kindling of all three fires whereas others do not require so<ref name=":122222222" />. − − A few important features of the three agnis are summarized below − ==== गार्हपत्याग्निः ॥ Gaarhapatya Agni ==== − Information about of गार्हपत्याग्निः ॥ Gaarhapatya agni − * It is used by grihastas for general domestic usage, to cook food and aahutidravyas used in other yagnas by reciting mantras. − * It is placed to the west of the yagnavedi and placed in circular shaped kunda. − * It is ceremonially established with the elaborate vedic procedure involving recitation of specific mantras and is called Agnyādhāna. − * It is rekindled by a special process called "Punaradhana" if it gets extinguished for any reason. − * It is used in nityakarmas. − * It is the only Agni that is maintained continuously and daily aahutis are to be made to this Agni by a grihastha. − * It is the source of other two Agnis − * It is kindled after marriage and and is be worshipped for the rest of the life by the grihastha. − * Only a sapatnika yajamani (grihastha) of the three varnas is allowed to tend the Agnihotram. − ==== आहवनीयाग्निः ॥ Aahvaniya Agni ==== − Some salient aspects about आहवनीयाग्निः ॥ Aahvaniya Agni are as follows − * It is invoked only in special aabhicharika yaagas unlike Gaarhapatya agni. − * The first Aahvaniya agni is established from the Gaarhapatya agni along with the recitation of specific mantras. − * It is not maintained everyday and is considered as Laukikagni at the end of the specific yaaga for which it is invoked. − * It is placed to the east of the yagnavedi, in a rectangular shaped kunda. − * It is used to offer aahutis to the devatas only. − ==== दक्षिणाग्निः ॥ Dakshinaagni ==== − Salient aspects about दक्षिणाग्निः ॥ Dakshinaagni is as follows − * It is invoked only in special yaagas similar to Aahvaniya agni. − * The first Dakshinaagni is established from the Gaarhapatya agni along with the recitation of specific mantras during yagna karmas. − * It is not maintained everyday and is considered as Laukikagni at the end of the specific yaagam for which it is invoked. − * It is placed to the south of the yagnavedi, in a half circle shaped kunda. − * It is used to offer aahutis to the pitrudevatas or forefathers only. − Shatapata Brahmana (11.8.2) mentions about four different fires and their association to the 4 directions. − − ११.८.२ अग्नेश्चातुर्विध्याभिधायकं ब्राह्मणम् − − चत्वारो ह वा अग्नयः। आहित उद्धृतः प्रहृतो विहृतोऽयमेव लोक आहितोऽन्तरिक्षलोक उद्धृतो द्यौष्प्रहृतो दिशो विहृतोऽग्निरेवाहितो वायुरुद्धृत आदित्यः प्रहृतश्चन्द्रमा विहृतो गार्हपत्य एवाहित आहवनीय उद्धृतोऽथ यमेतमाहवनीयात्प्राञ्चं प्रणयन्ति स प्रहृतोऽथ यमेतमुदञ्चम्पशुश्रपणायाहरन्ति यं चोपयङ्भ्यः स विहृतस्तस्मात्प्रहार्येऽग्नौ पशुबन्धेन यजेत - ११.८.२.[१]
Created -Three fires new page. Removed content from here.
* According to Taittriya Brahmana<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%83)/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9 Taittriya Brahmana Kanda 3] (3.3.3.1)</ref> (3.3.3.1) one who does not have a patni or wife cannot perform yagnas. <blockquote>अयज्ञो वा एषः । योऽपत्नीकः । (Tait. Brah 3.3.3.1)</blockquote>
* According to Taittriya Brahmana<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%83)/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A9/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9 Taittriya Brahmana Kanda 3] (3.3.3.1)</ref> (3.3.3.1) one who does not have a patni or wife cannot perform yagnas. <blockquote>अयज्ञो वा एषः । योऽपत्नीकः । (Tait. Brah 3.3.3.1)</blockquote>
* He (or his wife) should perform this homa daily in the morning with milk, obtained separately from the cow reared for this purpose (agnihotra gaabhi).
* He (or his wife) should perform this homa daily in the morning with milk, obtained separately from the cow reared for this purpose (agnihotra gaabhi).
* If the karta goes on a pilgrimage along with his wife, he can carry the gārhapatya fire with him or can ceremonially put it out and perform punarādhāna (re-establishing the fire) on his return. When he dies, the various wooden implements used by him for Agnihotra should be kept on various parts of his body as prescribed and then his body is cremated with the gārhapatya fire.<ref name=":03222222222">http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Agnihotra#cite_note-1</ref>
* If the karta goes on a pilgrimage along with his wife, he can carry the gārhapatya fire with him or can ceremonially put it out and perform punarādhāna (re-establishing the fire) on his return. When he dies, the various wooden implements used by him for Agnihotra should be kept on various parts of his body as prescribed and then his body is cremated with the garhapatya fire.<ref name=":03222222222">http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Agnihotra#cite_note-1</ref>
* Wife, son, pupil or a priest can perform Agnihotram on behalf of the karta in case of emergencies.
* Wife, son, pupil or a priest can perform Agnihotram on behalf of the karta in case of emergencies.
* Agnihotra cannot be performed by a widower, however on remarriage a widower becomes eligible to perform nitya agnihotra<ref name=":122222222" />. When separated from his wife and he chooses not to remarry, he can imagine or instill his wife's idol for the process.
* Agnihotra cannot be performed by a widower, however on remarriage a widower becomes eligible to perform nitya agnihotra<ref name=":122222222" />. When separated from his wife and he chooses not to remarry, he can imagine or instill his wife's idol for the process.
The tradition of ‘Aahitagnis’ and ‘Srauta priests’ continues in South India and they perform Vedic rituals as and when possible. These priests inherited the tradition of Vedic ritual practices from their ancestors and perform Vedic rituals even today.<ref name=":022222222222" />
The tradition of ‘Aahitagnis’ and ‘Srauta priests’ continues in South India and they perform Vedic rituals as and when possible. These priests inherited the tradition of Vedic ritual practices from their ancestors and perform Vedic rituals even today.<ref name=":022222222222" />
== पञ्चमहायज्ञाः || Panchamahayagnas ==
== पञ्चमहायज्ञाः || Panchamahayagnas ==
[[Panchamahayagna (पञ्चमहायज्ञ)|पञ्चमहायज्ञाः || Panchamahayagna]]<nowiki/>s are described in many Grhyasutras. <blockquote>अथातः पञ्चयज्ञाः १ </blockquote><blockquote>देवयज्ञो भूतयज्ञः पितृयज्ञो ब्रह्मयज्ञो मनुष्ययज्ञ इति २</blockquote><blockquote>तद्यदग्नौ जुहोति स देवयज्ञो यद्बलिङ्करोति स भूतयज्ञो यत्पितृभ्यो ददाति स पितृयज्ञो यत्स्वाध्यायमधीयते स ब्रह्मयज्ञो यन्मनुष्येभ्यो ददाति स मनुष्ययज्ञ इति ३ </blockquote><blockquote>तानेतान्यज्ञानहरहः कुर्वीत ४ १ (Asva. Grhy. Sutr. 3.1.1 to 4)<ref name=":222" /></blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : Now the Panchayagnas. The yagna for devatas, yagna for (other living) beings, yagna for forefathers, yagna for Brahma, yagna for human beings. </blockquote><blockquote>Here when offerings are made in Agni, this yagna is for the devatas. That which is offered as bali, is the yagna for other beings. That (pindas) which is given for forefathers, is the pitru yagna. That study (of the vedas) is the brahma yagna, and that which gives to men, is the manushya yagna. These five yagnas are to be performed everyday.</blockquote>After the Pratah Homa (according to Hirayakeshi sutras) or after the Madhyaanika Sandhya (according to Asvalaayana sutras) or after the Vaisvedeva, Brahma yagna has to be performed. It includes the study of vedas, itihasas and puranas and slight variations in the timings are seen according to the shakaas followed<ref name=":0222222" />.
Vaisvedeva is performed as part of pratahhoma (morning) and the evening agnikaryam according to Asvalaayana and Taittriya shakaas. Annam is cooked from rice grains and offered in Agni and other deities as part of the Vaisvedeva. Similarly in the Agnihotra homam of Srauta yaagas also odanam or cooked rice is offered as havis to different deities<ref name=":0222222" />.
Vaisvedeva is performed as part of pratahhoma (morning) and the evening agnikaryam according to Asvalaayana and Taittriya shakaas. Annam is cooked from rice grains and offered in Agni and other deities as part of the Vaisvedeva. Similarly in the Agnihotra homam of Srauta yaagas also odanam or cooked rice is offered as havis to different deities<ref name=":0222222" />.
Grhyagni is used for performing grhyakarmas and is also called as "Ekagni". Details of the grhyakarmas to be performed are found in Ekagnikandam of Aapastambha ghyasutras belonging to Krishna Yajurveda.
Grhyagni is used for performing grhyakarmas and is also called as "Ekagni". Details of the grhyakarmas to be performed are found in Ekagnikandam of Aapastambha ghyasutras belonging to Krishna Yajurveda.
Srautagni is used for Srauta karmas. From the Aupasanaagni Agnyaadhanam for the Srautaagni is to be performed in order to do Srautakarmas and start yaagas. The three srautagnis are called Tretagnis.<ref name=":322" />
Srautagni is used for Srauta karmas. From the Aupasanaagni Agnyaadhanam for the Srautaagni is to be performed in order to do Srautakarmas and start yaagas. The three srautagnis are called [[त्रेताज्ञयः ॥ Three Fires|त्रेताज्ञयः ॥Three Fires]].<ref name=":122222222" /><ref name=":022222222" /><ref name=":322" />
== Yaagas/Yagnas without Agnihotram ==
== Yaagas/Yagnas without Agnihotram ==
Invocation of Agni in a vedi (altar) and offering of aahutis is performed in yagnas. However, not all yagnas involve this process. Vaidika yagnas are also categorized into external and internal rituals, depending upon how they are performed.
Invocation of Agni in a vedi (altar) and offering of aahutis is performed in yagnas. However, not all yagnas involve this process. Vaidika yagnas are also categorized into external and internal rituals, depending upon how they are performed.