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Line 1: − The Vedas have been sub classified into – the Samhitas,+ − the Aranyakas, the Brahmanas and the Upanishads.<sup>[1]</sup> The Samhitas are sometimes identified as ''karma-kanda'' (कर्म खण्ड, action/ritual-related section), while the Upanishads are identified as+ + − Another opinion states: "The ''Samhitas'' and+ − the ''Brahmanas'' form the ''Karma''-''Kanda'' segment+ − + − rituals. The ''Aranyakas'' and the Upanishads form the ''Gyan''-''Kanda'' segment+ − + + + − The Upanishads are the concluding segments, available at the end of+ − the Vedas, hence they are referred to as the ''Vedanta''. The word ''Vedanta'' is − a compound word made up of two Sanskrit words: ‘''Veda’'' and ‘''Anta’''. − The word ‘''anta’'' means an end. ''The Vedanta'' essentially − refers to the philosophy pronounced in the Upanishads, the final parts of the − − Scriptural Trinity – the Upanishads, the ''Brahma''-''Sutra'' and − the ''Bhagavad'' ''Gita.''<sup>[2]</sup> − + − + − + − + − − − There are more than 200 Upanishads but there are 10 Principal or Mukhya − Upanishads. Some traditions accept 12 Upanishads and some even consider 13. Line 1,609:
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Added Content.
Each Veda has been subclassified into four major text types – the [[Samhita]]s (mantras and benedictions), the [[Brahmana|Brahmanas]] (explanation of Mantras and rituals)<ref name=":0">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 30-31</ref> the [[Aranyaka|Aranyakas]] (mystical texts which give philosophical interpretation of the rituals. These are intended for the Vanaprasthas or hermits, who prepare themselves for taking Sanyasa)<ref name=":0" />, and the [[Upanishads]] (text discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge).
The Samhitas are sometimes identified as ''karma-kanda'' (कर्म खण्ड, action/ritual-related section), while the Upanishads are identified as
''jnana-kanda'' (ज्ञान खण्ड, knowledge/spirituality-related section).<sup>[1]</sup> The Aranyakas and Brahmanas are variously
''jnana-kanda'' (ज्ञान खण्ड, knowledge/spirituality-related section).<sup>[1]</sup> The Aranyakas and Brahmanas are variously
classified, sometimes as the ceremonial ''karma-kanda'', other times
classified, sometimes as the ceremonial ''karma-kanda'', other times
(or parts of them) as the ''jnana-kanda''.
(or parts of them) as the ''jnana-kanda''.
The Upanishads are the concluding segments, available at the end of the Vedas, hence they are referred to as the ''Vedanta''. The word ''Vedanta'' is
a compound word made up of two Sanskrit words: ‘''Veda’'' and ‘''Anta’''. The word ‘''anta’'' means an end. ''The Vedanta'' essentially refers to the philosophy pronounced in the Upanishads, the final parts of the Vedas.
of the Vedas. They are apparently concerned with the ceremonial rites and
There are more than 200 Upanishads but there are 10 Principal or Mukhya Upanishads. Some traditions accept 12 Upanishads and some even consider 13.
of the Vedas. They explicitly focus on the philosophy and spiritualism.<sup>[2]</sup>
== परिचय || Introduction ==
The Vedas have been divided into four styles of texts – the Samhitas, the Aranyakas, the Brahmanas and the Upanishads.<ref name=":0222">A Bhattacharya (2006), Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology, <nowiki>ISBN 978-0595384556</nowiki>, pages 8-14</ref> The Samhitas are sometimes identified as कर्म खण्ड || ''karma-kanda'' (action/ritual-related section), while the Upanishads are identified as ज्ञान खण्ड || ''jnana-kanda'' (knowledge/spirituality-related section).<ref name=":0222" /> The Aranyakas and Brahmanas are variously classified, sometimes as the ceremonial ''karma-kanda'', other times (or parts of them) as the ''jnana-kanda''.
Another opinion states: "The ''Samhitas'' and the ''Brahmanas'' form the ''Karma''-''Kanda'' segment of the Vedas. They are apparently concerned with the ceremonial rites and rituals. The ''Aranyakas'' and the Upanishads form the Jnana-''Kanda'' segment of the Vedas. They explicitly focus on the philosophy and spiritualism.<ref name=":1222"><nowiki>http://indianscriptures.50webs.com/partveda.htm</nowiki>, 6th Paragraph</ref>
Vedas. ''Vedanta'' broadly covers the philosophy enunciated by the holy
Most of the Upanishads are in forms of dialogues between a master
Another learned author says: These are four different modes of expressing the same truths, each as a cross check against others so that misrepresentations are avoided, a method used and valid even today.<ref name=":2222">Insights Into the Taittiriya Upanishad, Dr. K. S. Narayanacharya, Published by Kautilya Institute of National Studies, Mysore, Page 75 (Glossary)</ref>
and a disciple. In Upanishads, a seeker raises a topic and the enlightened guru
satisfies the query aptly and convincingly.<sup>[2]</sup> The concepts of Brahman (Ultimate Reality) and Ātman (Soul, Self)
Most of the Upanishads are in forms of dialogues between a master and a disciple. In Upanishads, a seeker raises a topic and the enlightened guru
are central ideas in all the Upanishads, and "Know your Ātman" their
satisfies the query aptly and convincingly.<sup>[2]</sup> The concepts of Brahman (Ultimate Reality) and Ātman (Soul, Self) are central ideas in all the Upanishads, and "Know your Ātman" their thematic focus. The Upanishads are the foundation of Hindu philosophical thought and its diverse traditions.
thematic focus. The Upanishads are the foundation of Hindu philosophical
thought and its diverse traditions.
The 10 Mukhya Upanishad on which Adi Sankara commented are:
The 10 Mukhya Upanishad on which Adi Sankara commented are:
* Muktikā
* Muktikā
|}
|}
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Upanishads|*]]
[[Category:Upanishads|*]]
[[Category:Yoga texts and documentation]]
[[Category:Yoga texts and documentation]]