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Pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), is outward action and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], is inward contemplation. These two when governed by dharma (धर्म) , bring about even stability of the world<ref name=":0">Swami, Ranganathananda, Universal Message of Bhagavad Gita: An exposition of the Gita in the Light of Modern Thought and Modern Needs. Volume 1 </ref>.   

Pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), is outward action and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], is inward contemplation. These two when governed by dharma (धर्म) , bring about stability of the world<ref name=":0">Swami, Ranganathananda, Universal Message of Bhagavad Gita: An exposition of the Gita in the Light of Modern Thought and Modern Needs. Volume 1 </ref>.   

== Detailed Discussion ==

== Detailed Discussion ==

''jagatah sthiti karanam praninam abhyudaya nishryasa hetuh''  

''jagatah sthiti karanam praninam abhyudaya nishryasa hetuh''  

Translation: The dharma (धर्म) taught in Veddas is of a two-fold nature, characterized by pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), which is outward action and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], which is inward contemplation. dharma (धर्म) brings about even stability of the world, which are meant to ensure the true [[अभ्युदय|abhyudaya (अभ्युदय)]], socio economic welfare and [[nihsreyasa (नि:श्रेयस)]], spiritual freedom of all being.

Translation: The dharma (धर्म) taught in Vedas is of a two-fold nature, characterized by pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), which is outward action and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], which is inward contemplation. dharma (धर्म) brings about even stability of the world, which are meant to ensure the [[अभ्युदय|abhyudaya (अभ्युदय)]], socio economic welfare and [[nihsreyasa (नि:श्रेयस)]], spiritual freedom of all being.

Both action and meditation are needed for human well-being. If only one or the other is there, there will be no health, individual or social. Through pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), one establishes a welfare society through the improvement of economy and the political system. Through [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] one achieves a value-oriented life that comes from humanity's inner spiritual dimension.<ref name=":0" />

Both action and meditation are needed for human well-being. If only one or the other is there, there will be no health, individual or social. Through pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), one establishes a welfare society by improving the economical and political system. Through [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] one achieves a value-oriented life that comes from humanity's inner spiritual dimension.<ref name=":0" />

There is stress in modern civilization because there is no emphasis on [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]], there is emphasis only on pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति). German philosopher Schopenhauer said: 'When men achieve security and welfare, now that they have solved all other problems, they become a problem to themselves'<ref>Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea</ref>. When there is the endless pursuit of money, power, and pleasure, the result is the creation of widespread value erosion and increasing violence<ref name=":0" />. All this is due to lack of [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]].

There is stress in modern civilization because there is emphasis only on pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), and not on [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]]. German philosopher Schopenhauer said: 'When men achieve security and welfare, now that they have solved all other problems, they become a problem to themselves'<ref>Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Idea</ref>. When there is the endless pursuit of money, power, and pleasure, the result is creation of widespread value erosion and increasing violence<ref name=":0" />. All this is because of lack of [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]].

Therefore Sankara emphasises on ''Praninam saksat abhyudaya-nihsreyasa-hetuh -'' a philosophy of life which integrates social welfare and spiritual freedom through action and meditation^[1]. Adi Sankara says that this Vedic philosophy with its twofold ideology of pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), and nivrtti (निवृत्ति), makes for the [[अभ्युदय|abhyudaya (अभ्युदय)]] of men and women on the one side, and [[nihsreyasa (नि:श्रेयस)]], on the other^[1].

Therefore Sankara emphasises on ''Praninam saksat abhyudaya-nihsreyasa-hetuh -'' a philosophy of life which integrates social welfare and spiritual freedom through action and meditation^[1]. Adi Sankara says that this Vedic philosophy with its twofold ideology of pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति), and nivrtti (निवृत्ति), makes for the [[अभ्युदय|abhyudaya (अभ्युदय)]] of men and women on the one side, and [[nihsreyasa (नि:श्रेयस)]], on the other^[1].

== An important difference between [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] ==

== An important difference between [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] and [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] ==

[[Pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] is not required to be taught because we are naturally pravrtti prone. A child jumps up, runs about engages in pushing and pulling things; so [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] is natural. But [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] needs training. By [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] one achieves social welfare and material well-being. For being peaceful, harmonious, fulfilled, for having capacity to love people and to live in peace with them we need the blessing of [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]].

Swami Ranganathananda explains: '[[Pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] is not required to be taught because we are naturally pravrtti prone. A child jumps up, runs about engages in pushing and pulling things; so [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] is natural.But [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] needs training'.

Gita teaches us how [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] inspires [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]]. Nivrtti is required to stabilize and purify our thinking. It brings in the moral dimension and we ask questions to  ourselves before any action - Why should we do this?

By [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]] one achieves social welfare and material well-being. For being peaceful, harmonious, fulfilled, for having capacity to love people and to live in peace with them we need the blessing of [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]]<ref name=":0" />. Gita teaches us how [[nivrtti (निवृत्ति)]] inspires [[pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति)]]. Nivrtti is required to stabilize and purify our thinking. It brings in the moral dimension and we ask questions to  ourselves before any action - Why should we do this?