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==    Etymology  ==

==    Etymology  ==

'''[[Amarakosha]]''' defines the following about Surya in व्योमादिवर्ग (Prathama kanda Slokas 29 - 32)  <blockquote>सूरसुर्यार्यमादित्यद्वादशात्मदिवाकराः । भास्कराहस्कर'''व्र'''ध्नप्रभाकरदिवाकराः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 29)"</blockquote><blockquote>भास्वद्विस्वत्सप्ताश्वहरिदश्वोष्णरश्मयः । विकर्तनार्कमार्तण्डमिहिरारुणपूषणः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 30)"</blockquote><blockquote>द्युमणिस्तरणिर्मित्रस्चित्रभानुर्विरोचनः । विभावसुर्ग्रहपतिस्त्विषांपतिरहर्पतिः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 31)"</blockquote><blockquote>भानुर्हंसः सहस्रांशुस्तपनः सविता रविः । माठरः पिङ्लो दण्डश्चण्डांशोः पारिपार्श्विकाः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 32)"</blockquote>Synonyms for Surya include Soora, Surya, Yama, Aditya, Dwadashatma, Divakara, Bhaskara, Ahaskara, Martanda, Aruna, Pushana, Tarani, Mitra, Chitrabhanu, Tapana and many others as given above.   

'''[[Amarakosha]]''' defines the following about Surya in व्योमादिवर्ग (Prathama kanda Slokas 29 - 32)  <blockquote>"

सूरसुर्यार्यमादित्यद्वादशात्मदिवाकराः । भास्कराहस्कर'''व्र'''ध्नप्रभाकरदिवाकराः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 29)"</blockquote><blockquote>"

भास्वद्विस्वत्सप्ताश्वहरिदश्वोष्णरश्मयः । विकर्तनार्कमार्तण्डमिहिरारुणपूषणः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 30)"</blockquote><blockquote>"

द्युमणिस्तरणिर्मित्रस्चित्रभानुर्विरोचनः । विभावसुर्ग्रहपतिस्त्विषांपतिरहर्पतिः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 31)"</blockquote><blockquote>"

भानुर्हंसः सहस्रांशुस्तपनः सविता रविः । माठरः पिङ्लो दण्डश्चण्डांशोः पारिपार्श्विकाः || (Amara 1. व्योमा. 32)"</blockquote>Synonyms for Surya include Soora, Surya, Yama, Aditya, Dwadashatma, Divakara, Bhaskara, Ahaskara, Martanda, Aruna, Pushana, Tarani, Mitra, Chitrabhanu, Tapana and many others as given above.   

[[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanaacharya]] in '''Saayanabhashyam''' while defining Surya, explains:<blockquote>“sushtu aryaha swami sarvantharaymi thaya sushtu prerakaha” (Ref?)"</blockquote>Meaning : The best of the masters, sarvatharayami (one who dwells everywhere), the best inspirer- such paramatma is compared to Surya.   

[[Sayanacharya (सायनाचार्यः)|Sayanaacharya]] in '''Saayanabhashyam''' while defining Surya, explains:<blockquote>"

“sushtu aryaha swami sarvantharaymi thaya sushtu prerakaha” (Ref?)"</blockquote>Meaning : The best of the masters, sarvatharayami (one who dwells everywhere), the best inspirer- such paramatma is compared to Surya.   

Yaska maharshi explains in '''Nirukthi'''<blockquote>“suryaha sathirva suthirva suryathe va” (Ref?)"</blockquote>Meaning : Surya is One who travels, one who creates and one who inspires.   

Yaska maharshi explains in '''Nirukthi'''<blockquote>"

“suryaha sathirva suthirva suryathe va” (Ref?)"</blockquote>Meaning : Surya is One who travels, one who creates and one who inspires.   

The mantras connected to Surya, are chanted and recited by those who perform their daily sandhyavandanam, as Surya is the 'preraka (inspirer) to perform one's Karma. Rig Mantras consider Surya as the eyes of Vedapurusha and the 'antaratma' as explained in '''Rk Samhita''' as follows <blockquote>चित्रं देवानामुदगादनीकं चक्षुर्मित्रस्य वरुणस्याग्नेः |"</blockquote><blockquote>आप्रा दयावाप्र्थिवी अन्तरिक्षं सूर्य आत्मा जगतस्तस्थुषश्च || (Rig Veda 1.115.1)"</blockquote><blockquote>citraṃ devānāmudaghādanīkaṃ cakṣurmitrasya varuṇasyāghneḥ |"</blockquote><blockquote>āprā dyāvāpṛthivī antarikṣaṃ sūrya ātmā jaghatastasthuṣaśca || (Rig Veda 1.115.1)"</blockquote>Meaning : One who is “antaryami taya sarvasya prerakaha paramatma” according to Sayana Acarya whose commentary says that 'Surya is the atma of the universe and the cause of the universe'.

The mantras connected to Surya, are chanted and recited by those who perform their daily sandhyavandanam, as Surya is the 'preraka (inspirer) to perform one's Karma. Rig Mantras consider Surya as the eyes of Vedapurusha and the 'antaratma' as explained in '''Rk Samhita''' as follows <blockquote>"

चित्रं देवानामुदगादनीकं चक्षुर्मित्रस्य वरुणस्याग्नेः |"</blockquote><blockquote>"

आप्रा दयावाप्र्थिवी अन्तरिक्षं सूर्य आत्मा जगतस्तस्थुषश्च || (Rig Veda 1.115.1)"</blockquote><blockquote>"

citraṃ devānāmudaghādanīkaṃ cakṣurmitrasya varuṇasyāghneḥ |"</blockquote><blockquote>"

āprā dyāvāpṛthivī antarikṣaṃ sūrya ātmā jaghatastasthuṣaśca || (Rig Veda 1.115.1)"</blockquote>Meaning : One who is “antaryami taya sarvasya prerakaha paramatma” according to Sayana Acarya whose commentary says that 'Surya is the atma of the universe and the cause of the universe'.

'''Taitriya Aranyaka''' explains  <blockquote>'yo asau tapan udethi' (1.14.1) "</blockquote>Meaning : Surya is the atma of the universe.  

'''Taitriya Aranyaka''' explains  <blockquote>"

'yo asau tapan udethi' (1.14.1) "</blockquote>Meaning : Surya is the atma of the universe.  

When Sun rises, the people who are asleep and mentally detached from the world ('dead to the world') during the night time, become revitalized. It becomes “[[Sat (सत्)|Sat]]” if he sets, even though the world is there, it is almost like dead. Paramatma is always responsible for wakefulness, sleep, living and dying, completeness and incompleteness as per Sayana in his bhashya.

When Sun rises, the people who are asleep and mentally detached from the world ('dead to the world') during the night time, become revitalized. It becomes “[[Sat (सत्)|Sat]]” if he sets, even though the world is there, it is almost like dead. Paramatma is always responsible for wakefulness, sleep, living and dying, completeness and incompleteness as per Sayana in his bhashya.

====== Karma Pravrittaka ======

====== Karma Pravrittaka ======

Rk Samhita explains  <blockquote>तत् सूर्यस्य देवत्वं तन्महित्वं मध्या कर्तोर्विततं सं जभार |"</blockquote><blockquote>यदेदयुक्त हरितः सधस्थादाद्रात्री वासस्तनुते सिमस्मै || (Rig Samhita 1.115.4)"</blockquote><blockquote>tat sūryasya devatvaṁ tanmahitvaṁ madhyā kartorvitataṁ saṁ jabhāra |<br>

Rk Samhita explains  <blockquote>"

तत् सूर्यस्य देवत्वं तन्महित्वं मध्या कर्तोर्विततं सं जभार |"</blockquote><blockquote>"

यदेदयुक्त हरितः सधस्थादाद्रात्री वासस्तनुते सिमस्मै || (Rig Samhita 1.115.4)"</blockquote><blockquote>"

tat sūryasya devatvaṁ tanmahitvaṁ madhyā kartorvitataṁ saṁ jabhāra |<br>

yadedayukta haritaḥ sadhasthādādrātrī vāsastanute simasmai || (Rig Samhita 1.115.4)"</blockquote>Meaning: The greatness of Surya and His mastership spreads over and everything is revealed through his rays, whose setting hides all His greatness and thus putting to rest all the activities of the living entities. The rising Surya springs all beings into action and life again.   

yadedayukta haritaḥ sadhasthādādrātrī vāsastanute simasmai || (Rig Samhita 1.115.4)"</blockquote>Meaning: The greatness of Surya and His mastership spreads over and everything is revealed through his rays, whose setting hides all His greatness and thus putting to rest all the activities of the living entities. The rising Surya springs all beings into action and life again.