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=== Yagnavalkya Smriti ===

=== Yagnavalkya Smriti ===

This Smriti, on which is based the present day Indian Judiciary system, claims its foundation on Vedas thus<blockquote>न वेदशास्त्रादन्यत् तु, किंचिच्छास्त्रं हि विद्यते |</blockquote><blockquote>निस्सृतं सर्वशास्त्रं तु, वेदशास्त्रात् सनातनात् || </blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : There are no greater shastras other than the Vedas, as all shastras arose from the eternal Veda shastras only.</blockquote>

This Smriti, on which is based the present day Indian Judiciary system, claims its foundation on Vedas thus<blockquote>न वेदशास्त्रादन्यत् तु, किंचिच्छास्त्रं हि विद्यते | निस्सृतं सर्वशास्त्रं तु, वेदशास्त्रात् सनातनात् ||</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : There are no greater shastras other than the Vedas, as all shastras arose from the eternal Veda shastras only.</blockquote>

=== Atri Smriti ===

=== Atri Smriti ===

=== Mahabharata ===

=== Mahabharata ===

Maharshi Vedavyasa in Mahabharata extols that Vedas are the path of life for all beings.  <blockquote>अनादिनिधनानित्या, वागुत्सृष्टा स्वयम्भुवा |</blockquote><blockquote>आदौ वेदमयी दिव्या, यत: सर्वा: प्रवृत्तय: || ([http://www.rsvidyapeetha.ac.in/cgi-bin/maha/out-parva.cgi Maha. 12.232.24])</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : In the beginning of Sristi, the self existent Creator, revealed the Eternal and Divine Vedas, as they are they show the path for all activities of every being.</blockquote>

Maharshi Vedavyasa in Mahabharata extols that Vedas are the path of life for all beings.  <blockquote>अनादिनिधनानित्या, वागुत्सृष्टा स्वयम्भुवा | आदौ वेदमयी दिव्या, यत: सर्वा: प्रवृत्तय: || ([http://www.rsvidyapeetha.ac.in/cgi-bin/maha/out-parva.cgi Maha. 12.232.24])</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : In the beginning of Sristi, the self existent Creator, revealed the Eternal and Divine Vedas, as they are they show the path for all activities of every being.</blockquote>

== Shad Darshanas ==

== Shad Darshanas ==

== Dharma ==

== Dharma ==

Mahabharata which is acclaimed as the मानव कर्तव्य शास्त्र || Manava kartavya sastra, has a discussion of this topic in the form of conversation between Yudhistira and Bhishma thus,<blockquote>तादृशोऽयमनुप्रश्नो यत्र धर्मः सुदुर्लभः ।</blockquote><blockquote>दुष्करः प्रतिसंख्यातुं तत्केनात्र व्यवस्यति  ॥</blockquote><blockquote>प्रभावार्थाय भूतानां धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम्   ।</blockquote><blockquote>यः स्यात्प्रभवसंयुक्तः स धर्म इति निश्चयः ॥  (Maha. Shanti. 109-9-11)</blockquote><blockquote>tādṛśo'yamanupraśno yatra dharmaḥ sudurlabhaḥ |</blockquote><blockquote>duṣkaraḥ pratisaṃkhyātuṃ tatkenātra vyavasyati || </blockquote><blockquote>prabhāvārthāya bhūtānāṃ dharmapravacanaṃ kṛtam |</blockquote><blockquote>yaḥ syātprabhavasaṃyuktaḥ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ || (Maha. Shanti. 109-9-11)</blockquote>Meaning : It is most difficult to define Dharma. Dharma has been explained to be that which helps the upliftment of living beings. Therefore, that which helps ensures the welfare of living beings is surely Dharma. The learned rishis have declared that which sustains is Dharma.<blockquote>धारणाद् धर्म इत्याहुर्धर्मो धारयते प्रजाः |</blockquote><blockquote>यत् स्याद् धारणसंयुक्तं स धर्म इति निश्चयः || (Maha. Karna. 69-58)</blockquote><blockquote>dhāraṇād dharma ityāhurdharmo dhārayate prajāḥ |</blockquote><blockquote>yat syād dhāraṇasaṃyuktaṃ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ || (Maha. Karna. 69-58)</blockquote>Meaning : The above verse eulogizes Dharma as follows " Dharma sustains the society, Dharma maintains the social order, Dharma ensures the well being and progress of humanity, Dharma is surely that which fulfills these objectives"

Mahabharata which is acclaimed as the मानव कर्तव्य शास्त्र || Manava kartavya sastra, has a discussion of this topic in the form of conversation between Yudhistira and Bhishma thus,<blockquote>तादृशोऽयमनुप्रश्नो यत्र धर्मः सुदुर्लभः । दुष्करः प्रतिसंख्यातुं तत्केनात्र व्यवस्यति  ॥</blockquote><blockquote>प्रभावार्थाय भूतानां धर्मप्रवचनं कृतम् । यः स्यात्प्रभवसंयुक्तः स धर्म इति निश्चयः ॥  (Maha. Shanti. 109-9-11)</blockquote><blockquote>tādṛśo'yamanupraśno yatra dharmaḥ sudurlabhaḥ | duṣkaraḥ pratisaṃkhyātuṃ tatkenātra vyavasyati ||</blockquote><blockquote>prabhāvārthāya bhūtānāṃ dharmapravacanaṃ kṛtam | yaḥ syātprabhavasaṃyuktaḥ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ || (Maha. Shanti. 109-9-11)</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : It is most difficult to define Dharma. Dharma has been explained to be that which helps the upliftment of living beings. Therefore, that which helps ensures the welfare of living beings is surely Dharma. The learned rishis have declared that which sustains is Dharma.</blockquote><blockquote>धारणाद् धर्म इत्याहुर्धर्मो धारयते प्रजाः | यत् स्याद् धारणसंयुक्तं स धर्म इति निश्चयः || (Maha. Karna. 69-58)</blockquote><blockquote>dhāraṇād dharma ityāhurdharmo dhārayate prajāḥ | yat syād dhāraṇasaṃyuktaṃ sa dharma iti niścayaḥ || (Maha. Karna. 69-58)</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : The above verse eulogizes Dharma as follows " Dharma sustains the society, Dharma maintains the social order, Dharma ensures the well being and progress of humanity, Dharma is surely that which fulfills these objectives"</blockquote>Therefore, Dharma embraces every type of righteous conduct covering every aspect of life essential for the sustenance and welfare of the individual and society and includes those rules which guide and enable those who believe in God and heaven to attain मोक्ष || moksha (eternal bliss).  The necessity of scrupulous practice of Dharma is forcefully expressed in Manusmriti thus:<blockquote>धर्म एव हतो हन्ति धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः | तस्माध्दर्मो न हन्तव्यो मा नो धर्मो हतोऽवधीत्  || (Manu 6-11-15)</blockquote><blockquote>dharma eva hato hanti dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ | tasmādhdarmo na hantavyo mā no dharmo hato'vadhīt || (Manu 6-11-15)</blockquote><blockquote>Meaning : Dharma protects those who protect it. Those who destroy Dharma get destroyed. Therefore, Dharma should not be destroyed so that we may not be destroyed as a consequence thereof.</blockquote>

 

Therefore, Dharma embraces every type of righteous conduct covering every aspect of life essential for the sustenance and welfare of the individual and society and includes those rules which guide and enable those who believe in God and heaven to attain मोक्ष || moksha (eternal bliss).  The necessity of scrupulous practice of Dharma is forcefully expressed in Manusmriti thus:<blockquote>धर्म एव हतो हन्ति धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः |</blockquote><blockquote>तस्माध्दर्मो न हन्तव्यो मा नो धर्मो हतोऽवधीत्  || (Manu 6-11-15)</blockquote><blockquote>dharma eva hato hanti dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ |</blockquote><blockquote>tasmādhdarmo na hantavyo mā no dharmo hato'vadhīt || (Manu 6-11-15)</blockquote>Meaning : Dharma protects those who protect it. Those who destroy Dharma get destroyed. Therefore, Dharma should not be destroyed so that we may not be destroyed as a consequence thereof.

== सम्वाद || Discussion ==

== सम्वाद || Discussion ==

# Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.

# Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.

# Pandit Ramnarayandatt Shastri. (1955). ''[https://archive.org/details/Mahabharata04SanskritHindiPanditRamnarayanGitaPress Mahabharata].'' Gorakhpur:Gita Press.

# Pandit Ramnarayandatt Shastri. (1955). ''[https://archive.org/details/Mahabharata04SanskritHindiPanditRamnarayanGitaPress Mahabharata].'' Gorakhpur:Gita Press.

#Kumar, S. (1996). ''The Vishuddha Manusmriti.'' Delhi:Arsh Sahitya Prachar Trust.

# Kumar, S. (1996). ''The Vishuddha Manusmriti.'' Delhi:Arsh Sahitya Prachar Trust.

# Swami Sharvananda, Mundaka and Mandukya Upanishads (1920), madras, Sri Ramakrishna Math

# Swami Sharvananda, Mundaka and Mandukya Upanishads (1920), madras, Sri Ramakrishna Math

# https://archive.org/details/TheNyayaSutrasOfGotama

# https://archive.org/details/TheNyayaSutrasOfGotama