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Panchagni vidyā or knowledge appears in the [[Chaandogya Upanishad (छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्)|छान्दोग्य उपनिषद् || Chandogya Upanishad]] (Chapter V 3-10) and the [[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्)|बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् || Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]] (Chapter VI.2).  

Panchagni vidyā or knowledge appears in the [[Chaandogya Upanishad (छान्दोग्य उपनिषद्)|छान्दोग्य उपनिषद् || Chandogya Upanishad]] (Chapter V 3-10) and the [[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद्)|बृहदारण्यक उपनिषद् || Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]] (Chapter VI.2).  

The Chandogya Upanishad, which belongs to the कौथुम शाखा || Kauthuma Śākhā of the [[Samaveda|Sāma Veda]], conceives the whole universal activity of creation as a kind of [[yajna]] ('sacrifice') where everything is connected; this sacrifice/knowledge is known as the Panchagni vidyā.

The Chandogya Upanishad, which belongs to the कौथुम शाखा || Kauthuma Śākhā of the [[Samaveda (सामवेद)|Sāma Veda]], conceives the whole universal activity of creation as a kind of [[Yagya (यज्ञ)|yajna]] ('sacrifice') where everything is connected; this sacrifice/knowledge is known as the Panchagni vidyā.

==  Panchagni Tapas Vs Panchagnividya ==

==  Panchagni Tapas Vs Panchagnividya ==

Panchagni means Five Agnis or Fires. In vedic and puranic literature Panchagni has been mentioned as a methodology used for performing severe austerities. There are many instances of penance or tapas for thousands of years, performed by different celestial beings including Kubera, Parvati and asuras such as Mahisha and Tarakasura, by standing or sitting in the midst of five sets of fires called Panchaagni.   

Panchagni means 5 Agnis or fires. In vedic and puranic literature Panchagni has been mentioned as a methodology used for performing severe austerities. There are many instances of penance or tapas for thousands of years, performed by different celestial beings including Kubera, Parvati and asuras such as Mahisha and Tarakasura, by standing or sitting in the midst of five sets of fires called Panchagni.   

According to Puranic Encyclopaedia, Rohini, a daughter, Soma, a son and an Agni, were born to Nisha the third wife of Manu. Besides them they begot five sons in the form of Agni ( fire ) and these five are called Panchagnis. They are Vaisvanara,Visvapati, Sannihita, Kapila and Agranii.  

According to Puranic Encyclopaedia, Rohini, a daughter, Soma, a son and an Agni, were born to Nisha the third wife of Manu. Besides them they begot five sons in the form of Agni (fire) and these five are called Panchagnis. They are Vaisvanara,Visvapati, Sannihita, Kapila and Agranii.  

Such a penance that is performed amidst the five agnis is said to be very austere and is performed with an intention to please Brahma or the others in Trinity for obtaining material boons.  

Such a penance that is performed amidst the five agnis is said to be very austere and is performed with an intention to please Brahma or the others in Trinity for obtaining material boons.  

=== द्युर्लोक || Dyurlok ===

=== द्युर्लोक || Dyurlok ===

<blockquote>असौ वाव लोको गौतमाग्निस्तस्याऽऽदित्य एव समिद्रश्मयो धूमोऽहरर्चिश्र्वन्द्रमा अङ्गारा नक्षत्राणि विस्फुलिङ्गाः || (Chan. Upan. 5.4.1) </blockquote><blockquote>तस्मिन्नेतस्मिन्नग्नौ देवाः श्रद्धां जुहोति तसेया आहुतेः सोमो राजा संभवति || (Chan. Upan. 5.4.2)</blockquote>[[द्यु्र्लोक|द्यु्र्लोक || dyurlok]]: Here the द्युर्लोक || World is the [[अग्नि|अग्नि || Agni]] (fire), [[आदित्य|आदित्य || aditya]] (one of Surya's twelve names) is the firewood, his Light rays are smoke in the fire, the Day is the flame, the Chandra or Moon is the embers, Nakshatra or Stars are the sparks and in that fire the [[देवता|'''देवता || devata''']] '''offer श्रद्धा || Faith''' as oblation and perform the यज्ञ || Yagna. This is how the first level of creation, [[सोम|'''सोम || Soma''']] is born.   

<blockquote>असौ वाव लोको गौतमाग्निस्तस्याऽऽदित्य एव समिद्रश्मयो धूमोऽहरर्चिश्र्वन्द्रमा अङ्गारा नक्षत्राणि विस्फुलिङ्गाः || (Chan. Upan. 5.4.1) </blockquote><blockquote>asau vāva loko gautamāgnistasyā<nowiki>''</nowiki>ditya eva samidraśmayo dhūmo'hararciśrvandramā aṅgārā nakṣatrāṇi visphuliṅgāḥ || (Chan. Upan. 5.4.1)</blockquote><blockquote>तस्मिन्नेतस्मिन्नग्नौ देवाः श्रद्धां जुहोति तसेया आहुतेः सोमो राजा संभवति || (Chan. Upan. 5.4.2)</blockquote><blockquote>tasminnetasminnagnau devāḥ śraddhāṃ juhoti taseyā āhuteḥ somo rājā saṃbhavati || (Chan. Upan. 5.4.2)</blockquote>[[Dyurlok (द्यु्र्लोक)|द्यु्र्लोक || dyurlok]]: Here the द्युर्लोक || World is the [[अग्नि|अग्नि || Agni]] (fire), [[आदित्य|आदित्य || aditya]] (one of Surya's twelve names) is the firewood, his Light rays are smoke in the fire, the Day is the flame, the Chandra or Moon is the embers, Nakshatra or Stars are the sparks and in that fire the [[देवता|'''देवता || devata''']] '''offer श्रद्धा || Faith''' as oblation and perform the यज्ञ || Yagna. This is how the first level of creation, [[सोम|'''सोम || Soma''']] is born.   

Here the activity of the celestial region is compared to यज्ञ || Yagna. This level comprehends the connection of the physical world to the higher regions, where Surya, Chandra, Nakshtra are a part of the natural phenomenon of the visible world.  The first oblation is the universal vibration in the celestial heaven.  

Here the activity of the celestial region is compared to यज्ञ || Yagna. This level comprehends the connection of the physical world to the higher regions, where Surya, Chandra, Nakshtra are a part of the natural phenomenon of the visible world.  The first oblation is the universal vibration in the celestial heaven.  

=== पर्जन्य || Parjanya ===

=== पर्जन्य || Parjanya ===

<blockquote>पर्जन्यो वाव गौतमाग्निस्तस्य वायुरेव समिदश्र्त्रं धूमो विद्युदर्चिरशनिरङ्गारा ह्रादनयो  विस्फुलिङ्गाः || (Chan. Upan. 5.5.1)</blockquote><blockquote>तस्मिन्नेतस्मिन्नग्नौ देवाः सोमाँ राजानं जुहोति तस्या आहुतेर्वर्ष संभवति || (Chan. Upan. 5.5.2)</blockquote>[[पर्जन्य|पर्जन्य || parjanya]]: Here the पर्जन्य || Parjanya (the water bearing cloud) is the Fire, fueled by वायु || Vaayu (Wind) which is wood, Clouds are the smoke, Lightning is the Flame, Thunder is the embers, the rumbling of the clouds is the spark of the fire. The just-created [[सोम|'''सोम || Soma''']] '''at the first level is offered by the देवता''' '''|| devatas''' as oblation to [[पर्जन्य|पर्जन्य || parjanya]]. That born during the second stage of creation is '''र्वर्ष || Rain'''.   

<blockquote>पर्जन्यो वाव गौतमाग्निस्तस्य वायुरेव समिदश्र्त्रं धूमो विद्युदर्चिरशनिरङ्गारा ह्रादनयो  विस्फुलिङ्गाः || (Chan. Upan. 5.5.1)</blockquote><blockquote>parjanyo vāva gautamāgnistasya vāyureva samidaśrtraṃ dhūmo vidyudarciraśaniraṅgārā hrādanayo visphuliṅgāḥ || (Chan. Upan. 5.5.1)</blockquote><blockquote>तस्मिन्नेतस्मिन्नग्नौ देवाः सोमाँ राजानं जुहोति तस्या आहुतेर्वर्ष संभवति || (Chan. Upan. 5.5.2)</blockquote><blockquote>tasminnetasminnagnau devāḥ somām̐ rājānaṃ juhoti tasyā āhutervarṣa saṃbhavati || (Chan. Upan. 5.5.2)</blockquote>[[Parjanya (पर्जन्य)|पर्जन्य || parjanya]]: Here the पर्जन्य || Parjanya (the water bearing cloud) is the Fire, fueled by वायु || Vaayu (Wind) which is wood, Clouds are the smoke, Lightning is the Flame, Thunder is the embers, the rumbling of the clouds is the spark of the fire. The just-created [[सोम|'''सोम || Soma''']] '''at the first level is offered by the देवता''' '''|| devatas''' as oblation to [[Parjanya (पर्जन्य)|पर्जन्य || parjanya]]. That born during the second stage of creation is '''र्वर्ष || Rain'''.   

Here the descent to the intermediate stage between the physical world and the celestial realms is exquisitely connected through the world of parjanya or the clouds. Thus, rain falls by the activity of the higher celestial beings.  Clouds as comprehended by the Great Poet Kalidasa in Meghadoota is a combination or sannipaata of  

Here the descent to the intermediate stage between the physical world and the celestial realms is exquisitely connected through the world of parjanya or the clouds. Thus, rain falls by the activity of the higher celestial beings.  Clouds as comprehended by the Great Poet Kalidasa in Meghadoota is a combination or sannipaata of <blockquote>धमू ज्योतिःसलिलमरुतां सन्निपातः क्व मघेः || (Verse 5)</blockquote><blockquote>dhamū jyotiḥsalilamarutāṃ sannipātaḥ kva magheḥ || (Verse 5)</blockquote>The second oblation is the reverberation of the universal vibration felt in the upper atmospheric regions.

 

धमू ज्योतिःसलिलमरुतां सन्निपातः क्व मघेः (verse 5).

 

The second oblation is the reverberation of the universal vibration felt in the upper atmospheric regions.

=== पृथ्वी || Prithvi ===

=== पृथ्वी || Prithvi ===

<blockquote>पृथिवी वाव गौतमाग्निस्तस्याः संवत्सर एव समिदाकाशो धूमो रात्रिरर्चिर्दिशोऽङ्गारा अवान्तरदिशो  विस्फुलिङ्गाः || (Chan. Upan. 5.6.1)</blockquote><blockquote>तस्मिन्नेतस्मिन्नग्नौ देवाः वर्षं जुहोति तस्या आहुतेरन्नँ संभवति || (Chan. Upan. 5.6.2)</blockquote>[[पृथ्वी|पृथ्वी || prithvi]] : In the पृथ्वी || prithvi (Earth) is the Fire, संवत्सर || Samvatsaram (One year) is the firewood,  the Sky is smoke, Nights are the flame, the Quarters or Directions are the embers, the उपदिशा || Upadisha (sub-directions) are the sparks. The '''देवता || devatas offer र्वर्ष || Rain''', created at the second stage as oblation into पृथ्वी || prithvi. And from this fire, '''अन्न || Annam''' (all that is consumable, related to the sensorial level) is born.   

<blockquote>पृथिवी वाव गौतमाग्निस्तस्याः संवत्सर एव समिदाकाशो धूमो रात्रिरर्चिर्दिशोऽङ्गारा अवान्तरदिशो  विस्फुलिङ्गाः || (Chan. Upan. 5.6.1)</blockquote><blockquote>तस्मिन्नेतस्मिन्नग्नौ देवाः वर्षं जुहोति तस्या आहुतेरन्नँ संभवति || (Chan. Upan. 5.6.2)</blockquote>[[Prithvi (पृथ्वी)|पृथ्वी || prithvi]] : In the पृथ्वी || prithvi (Earth) is the Fire, संवत्सर || Samvatsaram (One year) is the firewood,  the Sky is smoke, Nights are the flame, the Quarters or Directions are the embers, the उपदिशा || Upadisha (sub-directions) are the sparks. The '''देवता || devatas offer र्वर्ष || Rain''', created at the second stage as oblation into पृथ्वी || prithvi. And from this fire, '''अन्न || Annam''' (all that is consumable, related to the sensorial level) is born.   

Here, the sadhaka or seeker comprehends the descent to the earth, which is the sacrificial fire, into which the essence of time goes in as samidha or fuel. The third oblation is the reverberation at a much grosser level of the world.

Here, the sadhaka or seeker comprehends the descent to the earth, which is the sacrificial fire, into which the essence of time goes in as samidha or fuel. The third oblation is the reverberation at a much grosser level of the world.

# Narayanacharya, K. S. (2011). ''Veda Sanskritiya Parichaya, Part I''. Hubli:​Sahitya Prakashana​.

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# Sharma, B. D. (). ''New Perspectives on Vedic and Ancient Indian Civilization''. World Assn. of Vedic Studies.  

# Ganganatha, Jha. (1923). ''The Chandogya Upanishad and Sri Sankara's Commentary'', Fourth Volume, Madras: The India Printing Works

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# Mani, Vettam. (1975). ''Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature.'' Delhi: Motilal Banasidass

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