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Line 53: − + − Four of the Rig samhita brahmanas namely Paingi, Bahvrucha, Aashvalayana, Gaalava brahmanas are lost in time. Some say that Bahvrucha brahmana is the same as Aitareya brahmana.+ − + − Twelve Yajus samhita related brahmanas have been lost in time. They are Charaka, Svetasvatara, Kaathaka, or Shataadhyayana, Maitraayani, Jaabala, Khandikeya, Oukheya, Haridravika, Tumburu, Aavhvaraka, Kankati, Chaagaleya brahmanas. + + + + + + + − (D) Samaveda: (1) Talavakaara or Jaimineeya Brahmana (2) Taandya (Proudha or Panchavimsha) Brahmana, (3) Chandogya (Mantra) Brahmana are the three primarily available brahmanas. Four Upabrahmanas or Anubrahmanas for Samaveda include - (1) Saamavidhana Brahmana (2) Devatadhyaya or Daivata Brahmana (3) Vamsha Brahmana (4) Simhatopanishad brahmana + − Four Saamaveda brahmanas that have been lost in time include Bhaallavi, Kaala, Rauruki, and Shaatyayana brahmanas. + − + − Apart from these many other brahmanas are mentioned in important books such as Nirukta and in Bhashya books of Patanjali, Sayana etc. + − === [[Rigveda]] ===+ − * Shakala shakha − ** [[Aitareya Brahmana]], rarely also known as Ashvalayana Brahmana. It consists of 40 ''adhyayas'' (lessons, chapters), dealing with Soma sacrifice, and in particular the fire sacrifice ritual. − * Bashkala or Iksvakus shakha (unclear) − ** [[Kaushitaki Brahmana]] (also called {{IAST|Śāṅkhāyana}} Brahmana). It consists of 30 chapters, the first six of which are dedicated to food sacrifice, and the remaining to Soma sacrifice in a manner matching the Aitareya Brahmana. − === [[Krishna Yajurveda]] ===+ − * In the Krishna Yajurveda, Brahmana style texts are integrated in the Samhitas; they are older than the Brahmanas proper. − ** Maitrayani Samhita (MS) and an Aranyaka (= accented [[Maitrayaniya Upanishad]]) − ** (Caraka) Katha Samhita (KS); the Katha school has an additional fragmentary Brahmana (KathB) and Aranyaka (KathA) − ** Kapisthalakatha Samhita (KpS), and a few small fragments of its Brahmana − ** Taittiriya Samhita (TS). It includes a description of symbolic sacrifices, where meditation substitutes an actual sacrifice. − === [[Shukla Yajurveda]] ===+ − * Madhyandina Shakha − ** [[Shatapatha Brahmana]], Madhyandina recension (SBM) − * Kanva Shakha − ** Shatapatha Brahmana, Kanva recension (SBK) − : The Satapatha Brahmana consists of a hundred ''adhyayas'' (chapters), and is the most cited and famous among the Brahmana texts. Much of the text is commentaries on Vedic rituals, such as the preparation of the fire altar. It also includes [[Upanayana]], a ceremony that marked the start of [[Brahmacharya]] (student) stage of life, as well as the Vedic era recitation practice of [[Svādhyāya|Svadhyaya]].<ref name="winter32" /> The text describes procedures for other important Hindu rituals such as a funeral ceremony. The old and famous [[Brhadaranyaka Upanishad]] form the closing chapters of Śatapatha Brahmana. − === [[Samaveda]] ===+ − * Kauthuma and Ranayaniya shakhas − ** [[Panchavimsha Brahmana|Tandya Mahabrahmana]] or Panchavimsha Brahmana ({{IAST|Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa}}) (PB) is the principal Brahmana of both the Kauthuma and Ranayaniya shakhas. This is one of the oldest Brahmanas and includes twenty five books. It is notable for its important ancient legends and ''Vratyastomas''. − ** [[Sadvimsha Brahmana]] ({{IAST|Ṣaḍviṃṡa Brāhmaṇa}}) ({{IAST|ṢadvB}}) is considered as an appendix to the Panchavimsha Brahmana and its twenty-sixth ''prapathaka''.<ref name="winter22">Moriz Winternitz (2010), A History of Indian Literature, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120802643, pages 176-178</ref> − ** Samavidhana Brahmana, and the following Samaveda "Brahmanas" are in Sutra style; it comprises 3 prapathakas. − ** Arsheya Brahmana is an index to the hymns of Samaveda. − ** Devatadhyaya or Daivata Brahmana comprises 3 khandas, having 26, 11 and 25 kandikas respectively. − ** Chandogya Brahmana is divided into ten ''prapathaka''s (chapters). Its first two ''prapathaka''s (chapters) form the Mantra Brahmana (MB) and each of them is divided into eight ''khanda''s (sections). Prapathakas 3–10 form the [[Chandogya Upanishad]]. − ** Samhitopanishad Brahmana has a single ''prapathaka'' (chapter) divided into five ''khanda''s (sections). − ** Vamsa Brahmana consists of one short chapter, detailing successions of teachers and disciples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dharmicscriptures.org/Vedic_SB_Intro.doc|title=Vedic Samhitas and Brahmanas – A popular, brief introduction}}</ref> − * Jaiminiya shakha − ** Jaiminiya Brahmana (JB) is the principal Brahmana of the Jaiminiya shakha, divided into three ''kanda''s (sections). One of the oldest Brahmanas, older than Tandya Mahabrahmana, but only fragments of manuscript have survived.<ref name="winter32">[[Moriz Winternitz]] (2010), A History of Indian Literature, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120802643, pages 178-180</ref> − ** Jaiminiya Arsheya Brahmana is also an index to the hymns of Samaveda, belonging to the Jaiminiya shakha. − ** [[Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana]] (JUB) also known as Talavakara Upanishad Brahmana, is to some extent parallel to the Chandogya Upanisad, but older. − === [[Yajurveda]] ===+ − === [[Atharvaveda]] ===+ − * Shaunaka and Paippalada Shakhas − ** The very late [[Gopatha Brahmana]] probably was the Aranyaka of the Paippaladins whose Brahmana is lost.
no edit summary
For each Samhita, there are corresponding Brahmanas. Names of the principal Brahmanas of all the Vedas are listed here:
For each Samhita, there are corresponding Brahmanas. Names of the principal Brahmanas of all the Vedas are listed here:
(A) Rigveda : (1) Aitareya Brahmana (2) Kaushitaki / Sankhayana Brahmana are the two available brahamanas. Earlier Rig samhita was supposed to have 21 shakas and each shaka had an associated brahmana.
(A) Rigveda : There are two available brahamanas
(1) Aitareya Brahmana : It consists of 40 ''adhyayas'' (lessons, chapters), dealing with Soma sacrifice, and in particular the fire sacrifice ritual.
(B) Yajus samhita brahmanas include two important shakas. Shukla-yajurveda : (1) Maadhyandina Shatapatha Brahmana and (2) Kanva Shatapatha Brahmana are available. For Krishna-Yajurveda : (1) Taittiriya Brahmana is available.
(2) Kaushitaki / Sankhayana Brahmana. : It consists of 30 chapters, the first six of which are dedicated to food sacrifice, and the remaining to Soma sacrifice in a manner matching the Aitareya Brahmana.
Earlier Rig samhita was supposed to have 21 shakas and each shaka had an associated brahmana. Four of the Rig samhita brahmanas namely Paingi, Bahvrucha, Aashvalayana, Gaalava brahmanas are lost in time. Some say that Bahvrucha brahmana is the same as Aitareya brahmana.
(B) Yajus samhita brahmanas include two important shakas.
Shukla-yajurveda : (1) Maadhyandina Shatapatha Brahmana and (2) Kanva Shatapatha Brahmana are available.
The Satapatha Brahmana consists of a hundred ''adhyayas'' (chapters), and is the most cited and famous among the Brahmana texts. Much of the text is commentaries on Vedic rituals, such as the preparation of the fire altar. It also includes [[Upanayana]], a ceremony that marked the start of [[Brahmacharya]] (student) stage of life, as well as the Vedic era recitation practice of [[Svādhyāya|Svadhyaya]].<ref name="winter32" /> The text describes procedures for other important Hindu rituals such as a funeral ceremony. The old and famous [[Brhadaranyaka Upanishad]] form the closing chapters of Śatapatha Brahmana.
Krishna-Yajurveda : (1) Taittiriya Brahmana is available.
Twelve Yajus samhita related brahmanas have been lost in time. They are Charaka, Svetasvatara, Kaathaka, or Shataadhyayana, Maitraayani, Jaabala, Khandikeya, Oukheya, Haridravika, Tumburu, Aavhvaraka, Kankati, Chaagaleya brahmanas.
(E) Atharvaveda : (1) Gopatha Bramana is the only available brahmana. Names of other brahmanas are not available for this Veda samhita.
(D) Samaveda:
(1) Talavakaara or Jaimineeya Brahmana is the principal Brahmana of the Jaiminiya shakha, divided into three ''kanda''s (sections). One of the oldest Brahmanas, older than Tandya Mahabrahmana, but only fragments of manuscript have survived.<ref name="winter32">[[Moriz Winternitz]] (2010), A History of Indian Literature, Volume 1, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120802643, pages 178-180</ref>
(2) Taandya (Proudha or {{IAST|Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa}}) is the principal Brahmana of both the Kauthuma and Ranayaniya shakhas. This is one of the oldest Brahmanas and includes twenty five books. It is notable for its important ancient legends and ''Vratyastomas''.
(3) Chandogya (Mantra) Brahmana are the three primarily available brahmanas. Chandogya Brahmana is divided into ten ''prapathaka''s (chapters). Its first two ''prapathaka''s (chapters) form the Mantra Brahmana (MB) and each of them is divided into eight ''khanda''s (sections). Prapathakas 3–10 form the [[Chandogya Upanishad]].
Four Upabrahmanas or Anubrahmanas for Samaveda include - (1) Saamavidhana Brahmana (2) Devatadhyaya or Daivata Brahmana (3) Vamsha Brahmana (4) Simhatopanishad brahmana
Four Saamaveda brahmanas that have been lost in time include Bhaallavi, Kaala, Rauruki, and Shaatyayana brahmanas.
(E) Atharvaveda : (1) Gopatha Bramana is the only available brahmana. Names of other brahmanas are not available for this Veda samhita.
Apart from these many other brahmanas are mentioned in important books such as Nirukta and in Bhashya books of Patanjali, Sayana e
== Notes ==
== Notes ==