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<blockquote> ''‘पणिर्वणिग्भवति panihi vanika bhavathi''''' </blockquote><blockquote>'''''panihi pananatha vanika panyam nenakthi’ (Nirukti 2.17)'' </blockquote>Sayanaacharya explains <blockquote> ''“kincha panayaha vyaya ahisnavaha vanijaha panihi vanika bhvathi thi yaskaha panayaha iti lubdakaha abhi yuddavanaha yugadinam akurvanaha adanashilaha asmat shatravaha”''.

<blockquote> ''‘पणिर्वणिग्भवति panihi vanika bhavathi''''' </blockquote><blockquote>'''''panihi pananatha vanika panyam nenakthi’ (Nirukti 2.17)'' </blockquote>Sayanaacharya explains <blockquote> ''“kincha panayaha vyaya ahisnavaha vanijaha panihi vanika bhvathi thi yaskaha panayaha iti lubdakaha abhi yuddavanaha yugadinam akurvanaha adanashilaha asmat shatravaha”''.

In that he explains the commentary. (Rk Samhita 1.12.4 – 10)'''''</blockquote>'''(Govindji Is the above the commentary of Sayanacharya for the Rik samhita 1.12.4-10)'''

In that he explains the commentary. (Rk Samhita 1.12.4 – 10)'''''</blockquote>''''''(Govindji Is the above the commentary of Sayanacharya for the Rik samhita 1.12.4 to 10 if so can you pls see if you can find sayanacharya's work reference)'''

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'''Panis were wealthy people who hoarded money with a very miserly business attitude, lacking in intellectual stability and had very little regard for any Vedic ritual.

 

Panis were wealthy people who hoarded money with a very miserly business attitude, lacking in intellectual stability and disregarded any Vedic ritual.  

*Maharshi Yaska also refers to '''Panis''' as “business minded people or tradesmen”.

*Maharshi Yaska also refers to '''Panis''' as “business minded people or tradesmen”.

<blockquote> ''“panims ca vanijaha”(Niruktha 6.26 Have to add Sanskrit words also).''  

<blockquote> ''“panimsca vanijaha”(Niruktha 6.26) '''(Have to add Sanskrit words also).'''''  

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*The Vedas also talk of ‘'''bekanatas'''’ who are known to be shrewd money lenders who impose heavy interest for their profits. These ‘bekanatas’ supposedly can see only during the day and when night befalls they argue that those visible things do not exist. Therefore they are considered to be नास्तिक || nasthika or atheists like the Charvaka philosophers. To reaffirm this, Yaska maharshi quotes  

*The Vedas also talk of ‘'''bekanatas'''’ who are known to be shrewd money lenders who impose heavy interest for their profits. These ‘bekanatas’ supposedly can see only during the day and when night befalls they argue that those visible things do not exist. Therefore they are considered to be नास्तिक || nasthika or atheists like the Charvaka philosophers. To reaffirm this, Yaska maharshi quotes  

== Conflict between Indra and Panis ==

== Conflict between Indra and Panis ==

Economically, commercial production was in the hands of rest of the society and exchange was controlled by Panis, Dasyus, and Asuras who traded them.  Material dissatisfaction brought about conflict between these two sections of the society or Gana. Materially Indra believes in social control over the production and promoted distribution of wealth back to the community.  Society or the Gana participated in Yagna, and offers and oblations were made by the individuals in the name of their respective leaders so that the vigour and strength of the Gana may be well maintained.  Wealth thus during the Vedic times was a social asset rather than personal possession.  Yagna and material prosperity go together.   

In Vedic economy, commercial production was in the hands of rest of the society and exchange was controlled by Panis, Dasyus, and Asuras who traded them.  Material dissatisfaction brought about conflict between these two sections of the society or Gana. Materially Indra believes in social control over the production and promoted distribution of wealth back to the community.  Society or the Gana participated in Yagna, and offers and oblations were made by the individuals in the name of their respective leaders so that the vigour and strength of the Gana may be well maintained.  Wealth thus during the Vedic times was a social asset rather than personal possession.  Yagna and material prosperity go together.   

On the other hand, Panis, Asuras, Dasyus believed in completely different principles of economics.  They were individualistic in their economic approach. They were on the higher strata of the society, and did everything in their own interest, never offered any part of their income to the community. They never believed in Yagna and were famous for their greed. They never united with the society in any matters.  As a result these two factions of the society had different economic policies, leading to enemity.  The refusal of Panis to contribute Dana and Dakshina for Yagna brought about enmity between them.  Wealth in those days was mainly the strength of cattle and property. All sections of the Gana united against Panis, while they took away the cattle wealth of the Angiras. Indra as their leader defeated the Panis and brought back the wealth. (page no 22 of Ref 1) Indra’s army is indicated as very powerful, always alert and unconquerable as he who defeated Vrithra can face any enemy. Therefore, Indra with his invincible army can destroy the panis or the bekanatas.

On the other hand, Panis, Asuras, Dasyus believed in completely different principles of economics.  They were individualistic in their economic approach. They were on the higher strata of the society, and did everything in their own interest, never offerring any part of their income to the community. They never believed in Yagna and were famous for their greed. They never united with the society in any matters.  As a result these two factions of the society had different economic policies, leading to enmity.  The refusal of Panis to contribute Dana and Dakshina for Yagna brought about enmity between them.  Wealth in those days was mainly the strength of cattle and property. All sections of the Gana united against Panis, while they took away the cattle wealth of the Angirasas. Indra as their leader defeated the Panis and brought back the wealth. (page no 22 of Ref 2). Indra’s army is indicated as very powerful, always alert and unconquerable as he who defeated Vrithra can face any enemy. Therefore, Indra with his invincible army destroyed the panis or the bekanatas.

== Panis and Gograhana ==

== Panis and Gograhana ==

Panis are demonic and used here in plural as 'panis' indicating not just one person but many such who existed during the vedic period.  From the Gograhana story if we accept cows as Vedas or knowledge, then it could be said that Panis are the powers that hinder the progress of knowledge. Thus from the suktas we can understand that the panis are the “jnana apaharaka shakti” (the thieves of knowledge).

Panis are demonic and used here in plural as 'panis' indicating not just one person but many such who existed during the vedic period.  From the Gograhana story if we accept cows as Vedas or knowledge, then it could be said that Panis are the powers that hinder the progress of knowledge. Thus from the Rg suktas we can understand that the panis are the “jnana apaharaka shakti” (the thieves of knowledge).

They are people who create obstacles wherever there are positive activities which are meant for enhancing dharma or favouring the devathas that revere the “go samuha” herd of the cows. They steal cows and create obstacles in the progress of the devathas and society, which neither benefits them nor the society. They have only materialistic aspirations and do not understand the spiritual knowledge. They steal the knowledge or imprison the Brahma Nishtas to ensure that the knowledge is not spread.  Angirasa who was knowledgeable about the characteristics of cows rescues them from the caves where they were hidden by the Panis.  

They are people who create obstacles wherever there are positive activities which are meant for enhancing dharma or favouring the devathas that revere the “go samuha” or herd of the cows. They steal cows and create obstacles in the progress of the devathas and society, which neither benefits them nor the society. Consumed with only materialistic aspirations they lack the spiritual interest. They steal the knowledge or imprison the Brahma Nishtas to ensure that the knowledge is not spread.  Angirasa who was knowledgeable about the characteristics of cows rescues them from the caves where they were hidden by the Panis.  

   

   

In the Srimad Bhagavatham, the ministers of Kamsa are shown to have the same mentality of the Panis as they want to control the devatas and the Lord. From Srimad Bhagavatham (10.4.39-42) '''(Can we find the following verses in Sanskrit)''' ''<blockquote> || mūlaṁ hi viṣṇur devānāṁ yatra dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ tasya ca

In Srimad Bhagavatham, the ministers of Kamsa are shown to have the same mentality of the Panis as they want to control the devatas and the Lord. From Srimad Bhagavatham (10.4.39-42) '''(Can we find the following verses in Sanskrit)''' ''<blockquote> || mūlaṁ hi viṣṇur devānāṁ yatra dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ tasya ca

''brahma-go-viprās tapo yajñāḥ sa-dakṣiṇāḥ </blockquote><blockquote> tasmāt sarvātmanā rājan brāhmaṇān brahma-vādinaḥ

''brahma-go-viprās tapo yajñāḥ sa-dakṣiṇāḥ </blockquote><blockquote> tasmāt sarvātmanā rājan brāhmaṇān brahma-vādinaḥ

''tapasvino yajña-śīlān gāś ca hanmo havir-dughāḥ </blockquote><blockquote> viprā gāvaś ca vedāś ca tapaḥ satyaṁ damaḥśamaḥ

''tapasvino yajña-śīlān gāś ca hanmo havir-dughāḥ </blockquote><blockquote> viprā gāvaś ca vedāś ca tapaḥ satyaṁ damaḥśamaḥ

''śraddhā dayā titikṣā ca kratavaś ca hares tanūḥ </blockquote><blockquote> sa hi sarva-suradhyakso hy asura-dvid guha-sayah tan-mula devatah sarvah

''śraddhā dayā titikṣā ca kratavaś ca hares tanūḥ </blockquote><blockquote> sa hi sarva-suradhyakso hy asura-dvid guha-sayah tan-mula devatah sarvah

''sesvarah sa-catur-mukhah ayam vai tad-vadhopayo yad rsinam vihimsanam || Srimad Bhagavatham (10.4.39-42)'' </blockquote> '''Translation''': ''“The Devatas and Bhagavan Viṣhṇu, reside wherever there are dharmic principles, culture, the Vedas, cows, brāhmaṇas, austerities and sacrifices with proper donations. O King, we, who are your adherents in all respects, shall therefore kill the Vedic brahmanas, the persons engaged in offering sacrifices and austerities, and the cows that supply milk, from which clarified butter is obtained for the ingredients of sacrifice (to cause harm to Vishnu)”''

</blockquote><blockquote>''sesvarah sa-catur-mukhah ayam vai tad-vadhopayo yad rsinam vihimsanam || Srimad Bhagavatham (10.4.39-42)'' </blockquote><nowiki> </nowiki>'''Translation''': ''“The Devatas and Bhagavan Viṣhṇu, reside wherever there are dharmic principles, culture, the Vedas, cows, brāhmaṇas, austerities and sacrifices with proper donations. O King, we, who are your adherents in all respects, shall therefore kill the Vedic brahmanas, the persons engaged in offering sacrifices and austerities, and the cows that supply milk, from which clarified butter is obtained for the ingredients of sacrifice (to cause harm to Vishnu)”''

   

   

== Discussion ==

== Discussion ==