Changes

Indication of Sciences, Association with the aged, Subjugation of the sense organs ( life of a saintly king and abandoning the aggregate of six enemies), Engagement of Councillors and preceptors, Ascertainment of nobility and purity of ministers, Institution of Spies, Maintenance of proper and improper factions in one's own state, Winning over of proper and improper factions from enemy state, Sections on counselling, Employment of messengers, Protection of one-self from the sons of kings, Keeping the prince under restraint, Treatment of one under such restraints, Messenger of kings, Arrangement of the harem, Concern for self protection, ; and these are the brief contents of the first chapter dealing with the life of a king concerning discipline.

Indication of Sciences, Association with the aged, Subjugation of the sense organs ( life of a saintly king and abandoning the aggregate of six enemies), Engagement of Councillors and preceptors, Ascertainment of nobility and purity of ministers, Institution of Spies, Maintenance of proper and improper factions in one's own state, Winning over of proper and improper factions from enemy state, Sections on counselling, Employment of messengers, Protection of one-self from the sons of kings, Keeping the prince under restraint, Treatment of one under such restraints, Messenger of kings, Arrangement of the harem, Concern for self protection, ; and these are the brief contents of the first chapter dealing with the life of a king concerning discipline.

आन्वीक्षिकि त्रयी वार्ता दण्डनीति श्रेतिविद्याः <ref>Book I, Chapter II section 1 The Arthasastra of Kautilya,  Edited by T. Ganapati Sastri, ed. 2012, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, Delhi</ref>  Anvikshiki, the three vedas and varta (agriculture, cattle breeding, and trade) and Dandaniti (Science of government or political science) are called the four sciences.  

आन्वीक्षिकि त्रयी वार्ता दण्डनीति श्रेतिविद्याः <ref>Book I, Chapter II section 1 The Arthasastra of Kautilya,  Edited by T. Ganapati Sastri, ed. 2012, New Bharatiya Book Corporation, Delhi</ref>   

 

Anvikshiki, the three vedas and varta (agriculture, cattle breeding, and trade) and Dandaniti (Science of government or political science) are called the four sciences.  

Kautalya is of the opinion that these four sciences help man to understand righteousness :dharma and  wealth : artha and consequently attain wisdom. While Anvikshiki comprises of the philosophy of Sankhya (arithmetic and numbers), Yoga (physical and mental agility and peace) and Lokayata (materialistic or atheistic); the three vedas would illuminate him of the Dharmic and Adharmic acts. From Varta one can understand Artha and Anartha i.e. wealth and non-wealth as the science is related to commerce, trade and commercial activities, while knowledge of Naya and Apanaya (expedient and inexpedient) can be gained from Dandaniti. Anvikshiki, has been assigned the highest  pedestal as it is the beacon of light to all sciences, means for all action and perennial source of strength to all righteous activities.  In order to achieve clarity in thought, action, and intellect and attain calm in prosperity, Anvikshika would be the force to recon with.  

Kautalya is of the opinion that these four sciences help man to understand righteousness :dharma and  wealth : artha and consequently attain wisdom. While Anvikshiki comprises of the philosophy of Sankhya (arithmetic and numbers), Yoga (physical and mental agility and peace) and Lokayata (materialistic or atheistic); the three vedas would illuminate him of the Dharmic and Adharmic acts. From Varta one can understand Artha and Anartha i.e. wealth and non-wealth as the science is related to commerce, trade and commercial activities, while knowledge of Naya and Apanaya (expedient and inexpedient) can be gained from Dandaniti. Anvikshiki, has been assigned the highest  pedestal as it is the beacon of light to all sciences, means for all action and perennial source of strength to all righteous activities.  In order to achieve clarity in thought, action, and intellect and attain calm in prosperity, Anvikshika would be the force to recon with.