| The Arthashastra is a compilation of 15 ''Adhikaranas'' (Books), with each adhikararana divided further into 150 ''Adhyayas'' (Chapters) which are further subdivided into 180 Prakaranas (Sections), 380 ''karikas'' with 6000 ''shlokas (''verses) and 32 syllabic units in all.. The following is a brief account of the composition within various Adhikaranas, Adhyayas and Prakaranas. Arthashastram begins with veneration to two great political thinkers Sukra and Brhaspati and Kautalya makes an honest submission of this so as not to take the credit all unto himself. He also refers to theories of other authors and well known schools in the field of economics and politics and sastras of the Pre-Kautilyan era which have formed the foundation for the compendium Arthashastram. However all the previous works were not so exhaustive, authoritative or deep in content hence were superseded by the Arthashastram. The chapters reveal the classified and distilled mind which Kautalya had while scripting such an instructive manual suited to every need of an aggressively disposed monarchy. The entire thesis focusses on two aspects ''Tantra'' : the protection and welfare of the people and ''Avapa'' : the security and consolidation of the realm. Book I to V comprises of 95 ''Prakaranas'' dealing only with the Tantra. ''Book VI to XIV comprise 84 Prakaranas'' dealing with Avapa. ''Adhikarana'' I deals with discipline, training, daily routine of duties and dissemination of Danda by the king and qualifications of the various levels of ministers and their spies. ''Adhikarana'' II deals with the bureaucratic set up of the administrative block, heirarchy of officials, the duties and responsibilities of various heads of departments , planning of forts and fortified towns and layout of the settlements. Estimation and collection of revenue, maintaining accounts, industrial establishments including state monopoly concerns, regulation of promotion of internal and foreign trade and commerce. ''Adhikarana'' III deals with civil laws and administration of Justice. ''Adhikarana'' IV deals with criminal laws and suppression of antisocial elements. ''Adhikarana'' V deals with action against sedition and treason, pay scales of officals and mechanisms to combat financial crisis. | | The Arthashastra is a compilation of 15 ''Adhikaranas'' (Books), with each adhikararana divided further into 150 ''Adhyayas'' (Chapters) which are further subdivided into 180 Prakaranas (Sections), 380 ''karikas'' with 6000 ''shlokas (''verses) and 32 syllabic units in all.. The following is a brief account of the composition within various Adhikaranas, Adhyayas and Prakaranas. Arthashastram begins with veneration to two great political thinkers Sukra and Brhaspati and Kautalya makes an honest submission of this so as not to take the credit all unto himself. He also refers to theories of other authors and well known schools in the field of economics and politics and sastras of the Pre-Kautilyan era which have formed the foundation for the compendium Arthashastram. However all the previous works were not so exhaustive, authoritative or deep in content hence were superseded by the Arthashastram. The chapters reveal the classified and distilled mind which Kautalya had while scripting such an instructive manual suited to every need of an aggressively disposed monarchy. The entire thesis focusses on two aspects ''Tantra'' : the protection and welfare of the people and ''Avapa'' : the security and consolidation of the realm. Book I to V comprises of 95 ''Prakaranas'' dealing only with the Tantra. ''Book VI to XIV comprise 84 Prakaranas'' dealing with Avapa. ''Adhikarana'' I deals with discipline, training, daily routine of duties and dissemination of Danda by the king and qualifications of the various levels of ministers and their spies. ''Adhikarana'' II deals with the bureaucratic set up of the administrative block, heirarchy of officials, the duties and responsibilities of various heads of departments , planning of forts and fortified towns and layout of the settlements. Estimation and collection of revenue, maintaining accounts, industrial establishments including state monopoly concerns, regulation of promotion of internal and foreign trade and commerce. ''Adhikarana'' III deals with civil laws and administration of Justice. ''Adhikarana'' IV deals with criminal laws and suppression of antisocial elements. ''Adhikarana'' V deals with action against sedition and treason, pay scales of officals and mechanisms to combat financial crisis. |
− | ''Adhikarana'' VI- VII deals with essential characterisitcs of the state described as ''Saptasangas,'' the six-fold political expedients in the field of diplomacy among states called as ''Sadgunya. Adhikarana'' VIII ''deals'' with dangers and calamities arising both within or externally due to natural or man-made attempts befalling the king or body politic''. Adhikarana'' IX-X deals with military campaigns and ancillary problems. ''Adhikarana'' XI deals with measures to control economic guilds and political corporations. ''Adhikarana'' XII-XIII deals with methods of intrigue and the employment of secret agencies against enemies and during military expeditions and ameliorative measures to be taken in a conquered country. ''Adhikarana'' XIV deals with secret recipes designed to remedy afflictions caused by enemy action. ''Adhikarana'' XV consists of just one prakarana in the form of a glossary of 32 technical terms and verbal contractions used in the text. | + | ''Adhikarana'' VI- VII deals with essential characterisitcs of the state described as ''Saptasangas,'' the six-fold political expedients in the field of diplomacy among states called as ''Sadgunya. Adhikarana'' VIII ''deals'' with dangers and calamities arising both within or externally due to natural or man-made attempts befalling the king or body politic''. Adhikarana'' IX-X deals with military campaigns and ancillary problems. ''Adhikarana'' XI deals with measures to control economic guilds and political corporations. ''Adhikarana'' XII-XIII deals with methods of intrigue and the employment of secret agencies against enemies and during military expeditions and ameliorative measures to be taken in a conquered country. ''Adhikarana'' XIV deals with secret recipes designed to remedy afflictions caused by enemy action. ''Adhikarana'' XV consists of just one prakarana in the form of a glossary of 32 technical terms and verbal contractions used in the text. This is of special significance as the author gives the intended import of the words that can be mis-construed or misinterpreted by later commentators. |