Changes

{{Hinduism}}

'''Shravana ''' or ''Śravaṇa'' (Samskrit: श्रवणम्) is derived from the root श्रवः (hearing or the ear), and means – 'the ear', 'the hypotenuse of a triangle', 'the act of hearing', 'study', 'fame', 'glory', 'that which is heard or revealed', 'wealth', 'flowing', 'oozing', <ref>{{cite book|title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary|author=V.S.Apte|publisher=Digital dictionaries of South Asia|page=1574|url= http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.5:244.apte }}</ref>

''' Shravana ''' or ''Śravaṇa'' ([[Sanskrit]]: श्रवण) is derived from the root श्रवः (hearing or the ear), and means – 'the ear', 'the hypotenuse of a triangle', 'the act of hearing', 'study', 'fame', 'glory', 'that which is heard or revealed', 'wealth', 'flowing', 'oozing', <ref>{{cite book|title=The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary|author=V.S.Apte|publisher=Digital dictionaries of South Asia|page=1574|url= http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?p.5:244.apte }}</ref>

In [[Hindu philosophy]] and rituals, the hearing of the secrets of the [[Upanishads (उपनिषदाः)|Upanishads]] from the Guru is called ''Shravana'' which secrets are meant to be reflected upon to gain intellectual conviction.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Concept of Bondage and Liberation in Saiva Siddhanta and Vedanta|author=Harish Damodaran|publisher=Lulu|page=69|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=g-cNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=7pENnovW8F&sig=3-gnLVBAIgGqilUu9C0pCdT81eY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qqqaVLb4INCguQSZoIHQCQ&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> One learns by hearing, it is the first stage of learning, the initiation when the traditional '' Vedic doctrines '' are passed on by the teachers. '' Shravana'' is the mental activity by which the texts are understood in order to know the Truth about [[Brahman (ब्रह्मन्)|Brahman]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Brahmaannubhava|publisher=CRVP|page=161|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FJoUHNb93w8C&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=bKgSO2QWiu&sig=8se7W2CIQLWhCyG_msPUP0p4bog&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fauaVIHWEMS1uASZ34LwAg&ved=0CCAQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> The Sruti  is the seed of Vedantic knowledge sown by the Guru (teacher) in the mind of sisya ('disciple') who then tends that seed by his ''shravana'', '' [[Manana (मननम्)|manana]] '' and ''nididhyasana''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Samkara’s Vivekacudamani|author=Sri Candrasekhara Bharati of Sringeri|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|page=xxvii|url= http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sri-Samkaras-Vivekacudamni-S-Bhagavatpada/dp/8172764200}}</ref>

In [[Hindu philosophy]] and rituals, the hearing of the secrets of the [[Upanishads]] from the [[Guru]] is called ''Shravana'' which secrets are meant to be reflected upon to gain intellectual conviction.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Concept of Bondage and Liberation in Saiva Siddhanta and Vedanta|author=Harish Damodaran|publisher=Lulu|page=69|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=g-cNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=7pENnovW8F&sig=3-gnLVBAIgGqilUu9C0pCdT81eY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qqqaVLb4INCguQSZoIHQCQ&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> One learns by hearing, it is the first stage of learning, the initiation when the traditional '' [[Vedic|Vedic doctrines]] '' are passed on by the teachers. '' Shravana'' is the mental activity by which the texts are understood in order to know the Truth about [[Brahman]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Brahmaannubhava|publisher=CRVP|page=161|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FJoUHNb93w8C&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=bKgSO2QWiu&sig=8se7W2CIQLWhCyG_msPUP0p4bog&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fauaVIHWEMS1uASZ34LwAg&ved=0CCAQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> The [[Śruti|Sruti]]  is the seed of Vedantic knowledge sown by the [[Guru]] (teacher) in the mind of [[Guru-shishya tradition|sisya]] ('disciple') who then tends that seed by his ''shravana'', '' [[Manana (reflection)|manana]] '' and ''[[nididhyasana]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sri Samkara’s Vivekacudamani|author=Sri Candrasekhara Bharati of Sringeri|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|page=xxvii|url= http://www.amazon.co.uk/Sri-Samkaras-Vivekacudamni-S-Bhagavatpada/dp/8172764200}}</ref>

[[Yajnavalkya Maitreyi samvada (याज्ञवल्क्यमैत्रेय्योः संवादः)|Yajnavalkya recommended to his wife, Maitreyi]], the form of '' sadhana '' which consisted of '' darshana '', ''shravana'', ''[[Manana (मननम्)|manana]]'' and ''nididhyasana''; ''darshana'' refers to seeing and realizing God or Brahman.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brahmasutram|author=Sitanath Tattvabhushan|publisher=Genesis Publishing|page=xcvi|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dZ5_xFrJFHEC&pg=PR96&lpg=PR96&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=wcna4YGorU&sig=pC3UaT9OUga4OAHvvJsdgl4ZsOA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fauaVIHWEMS1uASZ34LwAg&ved=0CC4Q6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> He told her that the first stage in spiritual quest is ''Shravana'', and one has to become a ''shravaka'' for whom hearing or '' [[shabda]] '' creates interests, then sorts out those interests, sifts the essential from the non-essential, removes confusion and doubts, and naturally leads to the next stage, ''Manana''. ''Shravana'' is a psychological exercise.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Call of the Upanishads|author=Rohit Mehta|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=261|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_aGXsz4C2z8C&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=Ktwe6y8LEs&sig=tfAg0TEwZlZWp1fr_F6o9shFIMM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XKmaVOWZNtKTuATX9YHoCQ&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> [[Vidyaranya]] in his [[Panchadasi]] (Sloka I.53) explains that:-

 

[[ Yajnavalkya]] recommended to his wife, [[Maitreyi]], the form of '' [[Sādhanā|sadhana]] '' which consisted of '' [[Darśana|darshana]] '', ''shravana'', ''[[Manana (reflection)|manana]]'' and ''[[nididhyasana]]''; ''darshana'' refers to seeing and realizing God or Brahman.<ref>{{cite book|title=Brahmasutram|author=Sitanath Tattvabhushan|publisher=Genesis Publishing|page=xcvi|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=dZ5_xFrJFHEC&pg=PR96&lpg=PR96&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=wcna4YGorU&sig=pC3UaT9OUga4OAHvvJsdgl4ZsOA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fauaVIHWEMS1uASZ34LwAg&ved=0CC4Q6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> He told her that the first stage in spiritual quest is ''Shravana'', and one has to become a ''shravaka'' for whom hearing or '' [[shabda]] '' creates interests, then sorts out those interests, sifts the essential from the non-essential, removes confusion and doubts, and naturally leads to the next stage, ''Manana''. ''Shravana'' is a psychological exercise.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Call of the Upanishads|author=Rohit Mehta|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=261|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_aGXsz4C2z8C&pg=PA261&lpg=PA261&dq=sravana+hearing+upanishads&source=bl&ots=Ktwe6y8LEs&sig=tfAg0TEwZlZWp1fr_F6o9shFIMM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XKmaVOWZNtKTuATX9YHoCQ&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=sravana%20hearing%20upanishads&f=false }}</ref> [[Vidyaranya]] in his [[Panchadasi]] (Sloka I.53) explains that:-

:इत्थं वाक्यैस्तदर्थानुसन्धानं श्रवणं भवेत् |

:इत्थं वाक्यैस्तदर्थानुसन्धानं श्रवणं भवेत् |

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]

[[Category:Hindu philosophical concepts]]

[[Category:Vedanta]]

[[Category:Vedanta]]

[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]

[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]