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Yajurveda (यजुर्वेदः) (view source)
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{{ToBeEdited}}The '''Yajurveda''' (Samskrit: यजुर्वेदः)
The Krshna Yajurveda has survived in four recensions, while two recensions of Shukla Yajurveda have survived into the modern times.<ref name="prabhakar">CL Prabhakar (1972), The Recensions of the Sukla Yajurveda, Archív Orientální, Volume 40, Issue 1, pages 347-353</ref>
==व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology==
==शाखाः ॥ Recensions==
The Yajurveda text includes Shukla Yajurveda of which about 16 recensions are known, while the Krishna Yajurveda may have had as many as 86 recensions.<ref name="prabhakar" /> Only two recensions of the Shukla Yajurveda have survived, Madhyandina and Kanva, and others are known by name only because they are mentioned in other texts. These two recensions are nearly the same, except for few differences.<ref name="prabhakar" /> In contrast to Shukla Yajurveda, the four surviving recensions of Krishna Yajurveda are very different versions.<ref name="prabhakar" />
===Shukla Yajurveda===
The samhita in the Shukla Yajurveda is called the ''Vajasaneyi Samhita''. The name ''Vajasaneyi'' is derived from Vajasaneya, patronymic of sage [[Yajnavalkya]], and the founder of the Vajasaneyi branch. There are two (nearly identical) surviving recensions of the Vajasaneyi Samhita (VS): ''Vajasaneyi Madhyandina'' and ''Vajasaneyi Kanva''.<ref name="prabhakar" /> The lost recensions of White Yajurveda, mentioned in other texts of ancient India, include ''Jabala'', ''Baudhya'', ''Sapeyi'', ''Tapaniya'', ''Kapola'', ''Paundravatsa'', ''Avati'', ''Paramavatika'', ''Parasara'', ''Vaineya'', ''Vaidheya'', ''Katyayana'' and ''Vaijayavapa''.<ref name="gsrai11">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n17/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, pages 11-16</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt968618916"}" |+ Recensions of the White Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
| width="40px" |Adhyayas
| width="40px" |Anuvakas
| width="40px" |No. of Verses
| width="200px" |Regional presence
| width="60px" |Reference
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Madhyandina
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |303
| width="40px" |1975
| width="200px" |Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, North India
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n19/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, page 13</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kanva
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |328
| width="40px" |2086
| width="200px" |Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n21/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, page 14</ref>
|}
===Krishna Yajurveda===
A total of eighty six recensions are mentioned to exist in Vayu Purana, however vast majority of them are believed to be lost.<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n247/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, page 235</ref> The Katha school is referred to as a sub-school of ''Carakas'' (wanderers) in some ancient texts of India, because they did their scholarship as they wandered from place to place.<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n249/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 236-238</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt546021976"}" |+ Recensions of the Black Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
| width="50px" |No. of Sub-recensions<ref name="gsrai238">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n251/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 238-241</ref>
| width="40px" |Kanda
| width="40px" |Prapathaka
| width="40px" |No. of Mantras
| width="200px" |Regional presence
| width="60px" |Reference
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Taittiriya
| width="50px" |2
| width="40px" |7
| width="40px" |42
| width="40px" |
| width="200px" |South India
| width="60px" |
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Maitrayani
| width="50px" |6
| width="40px" |4
| width="40px" |54
| width="40px" |
| width="200px" |Western India
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n257/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 244</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kāṭhaka (Caraka)
| width="50px" |12
| width="40px" |5
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |3093
| width="200px" |Kashmir, North India, East India
| width="60px" |<ref name="gsrai238" /><ref name="gondayv">{{cite book |last=Gonda |first=Jan |title=A History of Indian Literature: Veda and Upanishads |volume=Vol.I |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-01603-5 |pages=326–327 |year=1975}}</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kapiṣṭhala
| width="50px" |5
| width="40px" |6
| width="40px" |48
| width="40px" |
| width="200px" |Haryana, Rajasthan
| width="60px" |<ref name="gondayv" /><ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n255/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 241-242</ref>
|}The Maitrayani saṃhita is the oldest Yajurveda Samhita that has survived, and it differs largely in content from the Taittiriyas, as well as in some different arrangement of chapters, but is much more detailed.<ref name="gsrai235">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n247/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 235-253</ref>
The Kāṭhaka saṃhitā or the Caraka-Kaṭha saṃhitā, according to tradition was compiled by Katha, a disciple of [[Vaisampayana]].<ref name="gsrai235" /> Like the Maitrayani Samhita, it offers much more detailed discussion of some rituals than the younger ''Taittiriya samhita'' that frequently summarizes such accounts.<ref name="gsrai235" /> The Kapiṣṭhala saṃhitā or the Kapiṣṭhala-Kaṭha saṃhitā, named after the sage Kapisthala is extant only in some large fragments and edited without accent marks.<ref name="gsrai235" /> This text is practically a variant of the ''{{IAST|Kāṭhaka saṃhitā}}''.<ref name="gondayv" />
===Organization===
Each regional edition (recension) of Yajurveda had [[Samhita]], [[Brahmana]], [[Aranyaka]]s, [[Upanishad]]s as part of the text, with [[Shrautasutra]]s, [[Grhyasutra]]s and [[Pratishakhya]] attached to the text. In Shukla Yajurveda, the text organization is same for both Madhayndina and Kanva shakhas.<ref name="prabhakar" /><ref name="gsrai11" />
In Krishna Yajurveda, each of the recensions has or had their Brahmana text mixed into the Samhita text, thus creating a motley of the prose and verses, and making it unclear, disorganized.<ref name="gsrai235" />
==Contents==
===Samhitas===
Structure of the mantras
The various ritual [[mantra]]s in the Yajurveda Samhitas are typically set in a meter, and call on Vedic deities such as the [[Savitr|Savita]] (Sun), Indra, Agni, Prajapati, Rudra and others. The Taittiriya Samhita in Book 4, for example, includes the following verses for the Agnicayana ritual recitation (abridged)
===Satapatha Brahmana===
===Upanishads===
====Brihadaranyaka Upanishad====
It is key scripture of [[Hinduism]] that has influenced all schools of [[Hindu philosophy]]. The text is a treatise on [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Ātman]] (Soul, Self), with passages on metaphysics, ethics and a yearning for knowledge that influenced various [[Indian religions]], ancient and medieval scholars.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/Brihadaranyaka.Upanishad.Shankara.Bhashya.by.Swami.Madhavananda#page/n0/mode/2up Brihadaranyaka Upanishad with Adi Shankara's commentary] S. Madhavananada (Translator)</ref><ref>Brihadaranyaka Upanisad with the commentary of Madhvacharya, Translated by Rai Bahadur Sriśa Chandra Vasu (1933), {{oclc|222634127}}</ref>
====Isha Upanishad====
The Isha Upanishad discusses the Atman (Soul, Self) theory of Hinduism, and is referenced by both [[Dvaita]] (dualism) and [[Advaita]] (non-dualism) sub-schools of Vedanta.<ref>AK Bhattacharyya, Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology, ISBN 978-0595384556, pages 25-46</ref><ref>Madhava Acharya, The Commentary of Sri Madhva on Isha and Kena Upanishad, {{oclc|24455623}}; also Isavasyopanisad bhasya sangraha, ISBN 978-8187177210, {{oclc|81882275}}</ref>
====Taittiriya Upanishad====
It is the seventh, eighth and ninth chapters of Taittiriya [[Aranyaka]], which are also called, respectively, the ''Siksha Valli'', the ''Ananda Valli'' and the ''Bhrigu Valli''.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English/05AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English#page/n61/mode/2up Taittiriya Upanishad] SS Sastri (Translator), The Aitereya and Taittiriya Upanishad, pages 57-192</ref>
====Katha Upanishad====
The detailed teachings of Katha Upanishad have been variously interpreted as [[Advaita]] (non-[[Dualism|dualistic]]).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/upanishadsandsr00agoog#page/n12/mode/2up Kathopanishad], in The Katha and Prasna Upanishads with Sri Shankara's Commentary, Translated by SS Sastri, Harvard College Archives, pages 1-3</ref>
====Shvetashvatara Upanishad====
====Maitrayaniya Upanishad====
===Srautasutras===
The Yajurveda had [[Shrautasutra]]s and [[Grhyasutra]]s attached to it, from fifteen schools: [[Apastamba]], Agastya, Agniveshyaka, [[Baudhayana]], Bharadvaja, Hiranyakeshi, Kaundinya, Kusidaka, Katyayana, Lokaksita, Madhyamdina, Panca-Kathaka, Satyasadha, Sakala, Sandilya, [[Vaikhanasa]], and [[Vadula]].<ref name="jangondarituals">Jan Gonda (1977), A History of Indian Literature: The Ritual Sutras, Vol 1, Fasc 2, Otto Harrassowitz, ISBN 978-3447018234, page 489</ref> Of these nine have survived, along with portions of Kaundinya.<ref name="jangondarituals" />
==Manuscripts and translations==
Devi Chand published a re-interpreted translation of Yajurveda in 1965, reprinted as 3rd edition in 1980, wherein the translation incorporated Dayananda Saraswati's monotheistic interpretations of the Vedic text, and the translation liberally adds "O Lord" and "the Creator" to various verses, unlike other translators.<ref>Devi Chand (1980), The Yajurveda, 3rd Edition, Munshiram Manoharlal, ISBN 978-8121502948</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
<references />
The Krshna Yajurveda has survived in four recensions, while two recensions of Shukla Yajurveda have survived into the modern times.<ref name="prabhakar">CL Prabhakar (1972), The Recensions of the Sukla Yajurveda, Archív Orientální, Volume 40, Issue 1, pages 347-353</ref>
==व्युत्पत्तिः ॥ Etymology==
==शाखाः ॥ Recensions==
The Yajurveda text includes Shukla Yajurveda of which about 16 recensions are known, while the Krishna Yajurveda may have had as many as 86 recensions.<ref name="prabhakar" /> Only two recensions of the Shukla Yajurveda have survived, Madhyandina and Kanva, and others are known by name only because they are mentioned in other texts. These two recensions are nearly the same, except for few differences.<ref name="prabhakar" /> In contrast to Shukla Yajurveda, the four surviving recensions of Krishna Yajurveda are very different versions.<ref name="prabhakar" />
===Shukla Yajurveda===
The samhita in the Shukla Yajurveda is called the ''Vajasaneyi Samhita''. The name ''Vajasaneyi'' is derived from Vajasaneya, patronymic of sage [[Yajnavalkya]], and the founder of the Vajasaneyi branch. There are two (nearly identical) surviving recensions of the Vajasaneyi Samhita (VS): ''Vajasaneyi Madhyandina'' and ''Vajasaneyi Kanva''.<ref name="prabhakar" /> The lost recensions of White Yajurveda, mentioned in other texts of ancient India, include ''Jabala'', ''Baudhya'', ''Sapeyi'', ''Tapaniya'', ''Kapola'', ''Paundravatsa'', ''Avati'', ''Paramavatika'', ''Parasara'', ''Vaineya'', ''Vaidheya'', ''Katyayana'' and ''Vaijayavapa''.<ref name="gsrai11">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n17/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, pages 11-16</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt968618916"}" |+ Recensions of the White Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
| width="40px" |Adhyayas
| width="40px" |Anuvakas
| width="40px" |No. of Verses
| width="200px" |Regional presence
| width="60px" |Reference
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Madhyandina
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |303
| width="40px" |1975
| width="200px" |Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, North India
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n19/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, page 13</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kanva
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |328
| width="40px" |2086
| width="200px" |Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n21/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, page 14</ref>
|}
===Krishna Yajurveda===
A total of eighty six recensions are mentioned to exist in Vayu Purana, however vast majority of them are believed to be lost.<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n247/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, page 235</ref> The Katha school is referred to as a sub-school of ''Carakas'' (wanderers) in some ancient texts of India, because they did their scholarship as they wandered from place to place.<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n249/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 236-238</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt546021976"}" |+ Recensions of the Black Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
| width="50px" |No. of Sub-recensions<ref name="gsrai238">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n251/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 238-241</ref>
| width="40px" |Kanda
| width="40px" |Prapathaka
| width="40px" |No. of Mantras
| width="200px" |Regional presence
| width="60px" |Reference
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Taittiriya
| width="50px" |2
| width="40px" |7
| width="40px" |42
| width="40px" |
| width="200px" |South India
| width="60px" |
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Maitrayani
| width="50px" |6
| width="40px" |4
| width="40px" |54
| width="40px" |
| width="200px" |Western India
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n257/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 244</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kāṭhaka (Caraka)
| width="50px" |12
| width="40px" |5
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |3093
| width="200px" |Kashmir, North India, East India
| width="60px" |<ref name="gsrai238" /><ref name="gondayv">{{cite book |last=Gonda |first=Jan |title=A History of Indian Literature: Veda and Upanishads |volume=Vol.I |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-01603-5 |pages=326–327 |year=1975}}</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kapiṣṭhala
| width="50px" |5
| width="40px" |6
| width="40px" |48
| width="40px" |
| width="200px" |Haryana, Rajasthan
| width="60px" |<ref name="gondayv" /><ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n255/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 241-242</ref>
|}The Maitrayani saṃhita is the oldest Yajurveda Samhita that has survived, and it differs largely in content from the Taittiriyas, as well as in some different arrangement of chapters, but is much more detailed.<ref name="gsrai235">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n247/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 235-253</ref>
The Kāṭhaka saṃhitā or the Caraka-Kaṭha saṃhitā, according to tradition was compiled by Katha, a disciple of [[Vaisampayana]].<ref name="gsrai235" /> Like the Maitrayani Samhita, it offers much more detailed discussion of some rituals than the younger ''Taittiriya samhita'' that frequently summarizes such accounts.<ref name="gsrai235" /> The Kapiṣṭhala saṃhitā or the Kapiṣṭhala-Kaṭha saṃhitā, named after the sage Kapisthala is extant only in some large fragments and edited without accent marks.<ref name="gsrai235" /> This text is practically a variant of the ''{{IAST|Kāṭhaka saṃhitā}}''.<ref name="gondayv" />
===Organization===
Each regional edition (recension) of Yajurveda had [[Samhita]], [[Brahmana]], [[Aranyaka]]s, [[Upanishad]]s as part of the text, with [[Shrautasutra]]s, [[Grhyasutra]]s and [[Pratishakhya]] attached to the text. In Shukla Yajurveda, the text organization is same for both Madhayndina and Kanva shakhas.<ref name="prabhakar" /><ref name="gsrai11" />
In Krishna Yajurveda, each of the recensions has or had their Brahmana text mixed into the Samhita text, thus creating a motley of the prose and verses, and making it unclear, disorganized.<ref name="gsrai235" />
==Contents==
===Samhitas===
Structure of the mantras
The various ritual [[mantra]]s in the Yajurveda Samhitas are typically set in a meter, and call on Vedic deities such as the [[Savitr|Savita]] (Sun), Indra, Agni, Prajapati, Rudra and others. The Taittiriya Samhita in Book 4, for example, includes the following verses for the Agnicayana ritual recitation (abridged)
===Satapatha Brahmana===
===Upanishads===
====Brihadaranyaka Upanishad====
It is key scripture of [[Hinduism]] that has influenced all schools of [[Hindu philosophy]]. The text is a treatise on [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Ātman]] (Soul, Self), with passages on metaphysics, ethics and a yearning for knowledge that influenced various [[Indian religions]], ancient and medieval scholars.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/Brihadaranyaka.Upanishad.Shankara.Bhashya.by.Swami.Madhavananda#page/n0/mode/2up Brihadaranyaka Upanishad with Adi Shankara's commentary] S. Madhavananada (Translator)</ref><ref>Brihadaranyaka Upanisad with the commentary of Madhvacharya, Translated by Rai Bahadur Sriśa Chandra Vasu (1933), {{oclc|222634127}}</ref>
====Isha Upanishad====
The Isha Upanishad discusses the Atman (Soul, Self) theory of Hinduism, and is referenced by both [[Dvaita]] (dualism) and [[Advaita]] (non-dualism) sub-schools of Vedanta.<ref>AK Bhattacharyya, Hindu Dharma: Introduction to Scriptures and Theology, ISBN 978-0595384556, pages 25-46</ref><ref>Madhava Acharya, The Commentary of Sri Madhva on Isha and Kena Upanishad, {{oclc|24455623}}; also Isavasyopanisad bhasya sangraha, ISBN 978-8187177210, {{oclc|81882275}}</ref>
====Taittiriya Upanishad====
It is the seventh, eighth and ninth chapters of Taittiriya [[Aranyaka]], which are also called, respectively, the ''Siksha Valli'', the ''Ananda Valli'' and the ''Bhrigu Valli''.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English/05AitareyataittiriyaUpanishadsWithShankaraBhashya-English#page/n61/mode/2up Taittiriya Upanishad] SS Sastri (Translator), The Aitereya and Taittiriya Upanishad, pages 57-192</ref>
====Katha Upanishad====
The detailed teachings of Katha Upanishad have been variously interpreted as [[Advaita]] (non-[[Dualism|dualistic]]).<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/upanishadsandsr00agoog#page/n12/mode/2up Kathopanishad], in The Katha and Prasna Upanishads with Sri Shankara's Commentary, Translated by SS Sastri, Harvard College Archives, pages 1-3</ref>
====Shvetashvatara Upanishad====
====Maitrayaniya Upanishad====
===Srautasutras===
The Yajurveda had [[Shrautasutra]]s and [[Grhyasutra]]s attached to it, from fifteen schools: [[Apastamba]], Agastya, Agniveshyaka, [[Baudhayana]], Bharadvaja, Hiranyakeshi, Kaundinya, Kusidaka, Katyayana, Lokaksita, Madhyamdina, Panca-Kathaka, Satyasadha, Sakala, Sandilya, [[Vaikhanasa]], and [[Vadula]].<ref name="jangondarituals">Jan Gonda (1977), A History of Indian Literature: The Ritual Sutras, Vol 1, Fasc 2, Otto Harrassowitz, ISBN 978-3447018234, page 489</ref> Of these nine have survived, along with portions of Kaundinya.<ref name="jangondarituals" />
==Manuscripts and translations==
Devi Chand published a re-interpreted translation of Yajurveda in 1965, reprinted as 3rd edition in 1980, wherein the translation incorporated Dayananda Saraswati's monotheistic interpretations of the Vedic text, and the translation liberally adds "O Lord" and "the Creator" to various verses, unlike other translators.<ref>Devi Chand (1980), The Yajurveda, 3rd Edition, Munshiram Manoharlal, ISBN 978-8121502948</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
<references />