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=== दशप्रमाणाः ॥ Dasa Pramanas ===

=== दशप्रमाणाः ॥ Dasa Pramanas ===

There are ten kinds of Pramanas, but in the matter of recognizing different pramanas, different schools of Indian Philosophy adopted divergent schemes. The number of pramanas accepted by them vary from one to eight. (Page 43 of Reference<ref name=":3">Harh, Amal Kumar. (1994) Ph. D Thesis Title : The Means of knowing a negative fact a critical study on the theory of Anupalabdhi in Indian philosophy. [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/137453/7/07_chapter_02.pdf (Chapter 2)] University of North Bengal</ref>)

There are ten kinds of Pramanas, but in the matter of recognizing different pramanas, different schools of Indian Philosophy adopted divergent schemes. The number of pramanas accepted by them vary from one to eight. (Page 43 of Reference<ref name=":32" />)

# Charvakas accept pratyaksha pramana (perception) only as a single means of knowledge.

# Charvakas accept pratyaksha pramana (perception) only as a single means of knowledge.

# Vaiseshikas accept pratyaksha (perception) and anumana (inference).

# Vaiseshikas accept pratyaksha (perception) and anumana (inference).

==== Etymology ====

==== Etymology ====

Pratyaksha pramana  (Samskrit : प्रत्यक्षप्रमाणम्) is made of two words Prati (प्रति) and Aksha (अक्ष), which literally means "In front of the eyes".  

Pratyaksha pramana  (Samskrit : प्रत्यक्षप्रमाणम्) is made of two words Prati (प्रति) and Aksha (अक्ष), which literally means "In front of the eyes".

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutra 4 ====

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutra 4 ====

The constant connection of the means of valid cognition (Pramana) with the object (artha) is called nondeviatedness (अव्यभिचारित्वम्).

The constant connection of the means of valid cognition (Pramana) with the object (artha) is called nondeviatedness (अव्यभिचारित्वम्).

Annambhatta's Tarkasangraha, also ascertains the concept given by Nyaya sutras about Pratyaksha pramana. इन्द्रियार्थसन्निकर्षजन्यं ज्ञानं प्रत्यक्षम्। <ref>Tarkasamgraha ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Pratyakshanirupanam])</ref>

According to Annambhatta's Tarkasangraha<blockquote>इन्द्रियार्थसन्निकर्षजन्यं ज्ञानं प्रत्यक्षम्। <ref>Tarkasamgraha ([https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D Pratyakshanirupanam])</ref></blockquote>

==अनुमानप्रमाणम् ॥ Anumana Pramana==

==अनुमानप्रमाणम् ॥ Anumana Pramana==

The second instrument of valid knowledge is Anumana Pramana.

The second instrument of valid knowledge is Anumana Pramana.  

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutra 5 ====

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutra 5 ====

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutra 6 ====

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutra 6 ====

Nyaya Sutra of Gautama defines Upamana as below<blockquote>प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्यात्साध्यसाधनं उपमानम् ।। ६ ।। {उपमानलक्षणम्}<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>Upamana (Analogy ) is that which accomplishes its purpose through similarity to a known object.  

Gautama defines Upamana as below<blockquote>प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्यात्साध्यसाधनं उपमानम् ।। ६ ।। {उपमानलक्षणम्}<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>Upamana (Analogy ) is that which accomplishes its purpose through similarity to a known object.  

==== Vatsyayana Bhasyam ====

==== Vatsyayana Bhasyam ====

==== Etymology ====

==== Etymology ====

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutras 7 and 8 ====

==== Gautama Nyaya Sutras 7 and 8 ====

==== Samkhya  ====

==== Samkhya  ====

Samkhya and Yoga concept of pramana is different and original from all the other mentioned views. Pathanjali of 

Samkhya and Yoga concept of pramana is different and original from all the other mentioned views.  

==== Yoga ====

==== Yoga ====