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=== प्रमाणम् ॥ Pramanam ===

=== प्रमाणम् ॥ Pramanam ===

Pramana i.e., the instrument of Prama is the most fundamental and unique about the tattva shastras. Nyaya darshana deals extensively about the siddhantas of jnana (theory of Knowledge). The means of Prama (valid cognition) is termed Pramana as explained by the Vatsyayana bhashya given below.

Pramana i.e., the instrument of Prama is the most fundamental and unique about the tattva shastras. Nyaya darshana deals extensively about the siddhantas of jnana (theory of Knowledge). The means of Prama (valid cognition) is termed Pramana as explained by the Vatsyayana bhashya given below.<blockquote>प्रमाणतोऽर्थप्रतिपत्तौ प्रवृत्तिसामर्ध्यादर्थवत् प्रमाणम् ॥... </blockquote><blockquote>तस्येप्साजिहासाप्रयुक्तस्य... प्रवृत्ति</blockquote>The effort of the agent stimulated this desire to acquire (ईप्सा) and the desire to get rid of the thing Jihasa roga etc) is what is called exertion (pravrti).<ref>Ganganath Jha ([https://archive.org/details/GautamasNyayasutras/page/n20 Sutra 1])</ref> Two of these together inspire by  Prvritti or Action. <blockquote>अर्थस्तु सुखं सुखहेतुः दुखं दुखहेतुश्च</blockquote>Page 22 of Jha's book.

 

प्रमाणतोऽर्थप्रतिपत्तौ प्रवृत्तिसामर्ध्यादर्थवत् प्रमाणम्  

Gautama in his Nyayasutras lays down that there are four kinds of Pramanas.  

Gautama in his Nyayasutras lays down that there are four kinds of Pramanas.