Changes

Pramana (Samskrit : प्रमाणम्) is the means or chief instrument of knowing valid knowledge (pramaa (प्रमा)). From the questions like who and what created the universe, determining the nature of objects, sprang an urge for investigation into the real state of things (Tatvajignasa). This investigation led to identifying the criterion of what constitutes valid knowledge and the ways by which objects or things can be cognized. Pramana is a subject that arose from the need to recognize valid knowledge and various theories have been proposed to describe the same.<ref>Harh, Amal Kumar. (1994) Ph. D Thesis Title : [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/137453/7/07_chapter_02.pdf The Means of knowing a negative fact a critical study on the theory of Anupalabdhi in Indian philosophy] University of North Bengal</ref>  

Pramana (Samskrit : प्रमाणम्) is the means or chief instrument of knowing valid knowledge (pramaa (प्रमा)). From the questions like who and what created the universe, determining the nature of objects, sprang an urge for investigation into the real state of things (Tatvajignasa). This investigation led to identifying the criterion of what constitutes valid knowledge and the ways by which objects or things can be cognized. Pramana is a subject that arose from the need to recognize valid knowledge and various theories have been proposed to describe the same.<ref>Harh, Amal Kumar. (1994) Ph. D Thesis Title : [http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/137453/7/07_chapter_02.pdf The Means of knowing a negative fact a critical study on the theory of Anupalabdhi in Indian philosophy] University of North Bengal</ref>  

== Introduction ==

== परिचयः॥ Introduction ==

All thinkers in general have given their attention to the problem of cognition for a long time. When reality reveals true knowledge it is called prama or valid knowledge, and when this revelation is false it is called aprama or invalid knowledge.  

All thinkers in general have given their attention to the problem of cognition for a long time. When reality reveals true knowledge it is called prama or valid knowledge, and when this revelation is false it is called aprama or invalid knowledge.  

==Etymology==

==व्युत्पत्तिः || Etymology==

The term pramana is derived from the root maa with a prefix pra and suffix lyut.

According to Shabdakalpadhruma the term Pramana (प्रमाणम्) is derived from the dhatu मा (मा॒ माने) in the sense of measurement and cognition with an upasarga (prefix) प्र and pratyaya (suffix) lyut (ल्युट्).  

 

Prama is defined as the karana or extraordinary cause of a prama or right knowledge.  

==Pramana Tattva==

==Pramana Tattva==

The tattva or the "true nature of", "the real knowledge about", "property really possessed by object", "assured cognition of an object" ; all these indicate an inquiry into the real state of things or objects.  Both "Jnana" and "Prama" indicate knowledge, however

The tattva or the "true nature of", "the real knowledge about", "property really possessed by object", "assured cognition of an object" ; all these indicate an inquiry into the real state of things or objects.  Both "Jnana" and "Prama" indicate knowledge, however