Changes

=== '''Authorship''' ===

=== '''Authorship''' ===

The authorship of most Upanishads is uncertain and unknown. The various philosophical theories in the early Upanishads have been attributed to famous seers such as Yajnavalkya, Uddalaka Aruni, Shvetaketu, Shandilya, Aitareya, Balaki, Pippalada and Sanatkumara.<ref name=":0" /> Women, such as Maitreyi and Gargi participated in the dialogues and are also credited in the early Upanishads.^[11]

The authorship of most Upanishads is uncertain and unknown. The various philosophical theories in the early Upanishads have been attributed to famous seers such as Yajnavalkya, Uddalaka Aruni, Shvetaketu, Shandilya, Aitareya, Balaki, Pippalada and Sanatkumara.<ref name=":0" /> Women, such as Maitreyi and Gargi participated in the dialogues and are also credited in the early Upanishads.

There are exceptions to the anonymous tradition of the Upanishads and other Vedic literature. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad, for example, includes closing credits to ''Shvetashvatara'', and he is considered the author of the Upanishad.  

There are exceptions to the anonymous tradition of the Upanishads and other Vedic literature. The Shvetashvatara Upanishad, for example, includes closing credits to ''Shvetashvatara'', and he is considered the author of the Upanishad.  

The main concept of Upanishads is the discussion about Paramatmatattva. There are two kinds of Vidyas : Para and Apara. Of these Paravidya is supreme and is called Brahmavidya. Upanishads present the detailed discussion about Paravidya. Aparavidya is primarily related to Karmas, hence called Karmavidya. The fruits of Karmavidya are perishable while the results of Brahmavidya are indestructable. Aparavidya may not lead one to Moksha (may lead to svarga and other worlds) but Paravidya always gives Moksha.<ref name=":42222" />

The main concept of Upanishads is the discussion about Paramatmatattva. There are two kinds of Vidyas : Para and Apara. Of these Paravidya is supreme and is called Brahmavidya. Upanishads present the detailed discussion about Paravidya. Aparavidya is primarily related to Karmas, hence called Karmavidya. The fruits of Karmavidya are perishable while the results of Brahmavidya are indestructable. Aparavidya may not lead one to Moksha (may lead to svarga and other worlds) but Paravidya always gives Moksha.<ref name=":42222" />

Some terms which are well explained in the Upanishads include, Prkriti, Purusha, Paramatma, Jivatma, Maya, Brahman, Avidya etc. Based on their content Upanishads can be divided into six categories.

Some terms which are well explained in the Upanishads include, Prkriti, Purusha, Paramatma, Ishvara, Jivatma, Maya, Brahman, Avidya, Indriyas,  etc. From the root cause Prkriti the world came into being. Paramatma is Nitya, Puratana, Shasvata (Eternal) devoid of the cycles of birth and death. The Sharira or body is subjected to death and birth but Atma residing in it continues to exist. Just like butter is evenly distributed in milk so also Paramatma is all-pervading in the world. Just like the sparks arise out of fire so also the beings take shape from the Paramatma. Such aspects which are explained in Upanishads have widely developed in the Darshana shastras.

 

Based on their content Upanishads can be divided into six categories.<ref name=":42222" />

# Vedanta siddhanta

# Vedanta siddhanta

# Yoga siddhantas

# Yoga siddhanta

# Samkhya Siddhantas

# Samkhya siddhanta

# Vaishnava Siddhantas

# Vaishnava siddhanta

# Shaiva siddhantas

# Shaiva siddhanta

# Shakta siddhantas

# Shakta siddhanta

According to the beliefs, principles and nature of a particular sampradaya, Upanishads have been composed in later days.

According to the beliefs, principles and nature of a particular sampradaya, Upanishads have been composed in later days.

=== '''Geography''' ===

=== '''Geography''' ===