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→दशोपनिषदः ॥ Dasopanishads: added new side headings
Apart from these ten, कौषीतकि (Kaushitaki) श्वेताश्वतर (Shvetasvatara) and मैत्रायणीय (Maitrayaniya) Upanishads are regarded as ancient since the first two of these three found a mention by Shankaracharya in his Brahmasutra bhashyas along with dashopanishad bhashyas. However, there are no available commentaries on these given by him.
Apart from these ten, कौषीतकि (Kaushitaki) श्वेताश्वतर (Shvetasvatara) and मैत्रायणीय (Maitrayaniya) Upanishads are regarded as ancient since the first two of these three found a mention by Shankaracharya in his Brahmasutra bhashyas along with dashopanishad bhashyas. However, there are no available commentaries on these given by him.
Many Upanishads are the final or exclusive portions of the ''Aranyakas'' or the ''Brahmanas''.
=== Upanishads as Part of Aranyakas ===
Many Upanishads are the final or exclusive portions of the ''Aranyakas'' or the ''Brahmanas''. But these refer mainly to the dasha upanishads. It may be seen from the table below that some Upanishads not classified in dashopanishads are from Aranyakas. (Ex: Mahanarayaneeya Upanishad, Maitrayaniya Upanishad) while the Atharvana veda associated Upanishads do not have corresponding Brahmanas or Aranyakas as they are unavailable.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
Upanishads as part of Aranyakas and Brahmanas
! colspan="2" |Veda
!What part of Brahmana or Aranyaka constitutes Upanishad
!Name of Upanishad
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |RigVeda
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |RigVeda
|4th to 6th Adhyayas of 2nd Prapathaka of 2nd Aranyaka of Aitareya Aranyaka (Page 250 of Reference <ref name=":4" />)
|4th to 6th Adhyayas of 2nd Prapathaka of 2nd Aranyaka of Aitareya Aranyaka (Page 250 of Reference <ref name=":4" />)
|माण्डूक्योपनिषद् ॥ Mandukya Upanishad
|माण्डूक्योपनिषद् ॥ Mandukya Upanishad
|}
|}
=== Deity and Samkhya Based Classification ===
Pt. Shri. Chintamani Vinayak Vaidya has assigned the ancientness (प्राचीनता) or modernness (अर्वाचीनता) of Upanishads using the two factors<ref name=":4" />
# Siddhanta of Anatmarupa Brahma (a supreme power beyond and above deities)
# Vishnu or Shiva deities are accepted as paradevata (supreme deity) and are praised
# Principles of Samkhya Siddhanta (Prakriti, Purusha, Gunas-Satva, Rajas and Tamas)
It is proved beyond doubt that the ancient upanishads have described a Supreme Anatmarupa Brahma, above the vaidika deities, who has created regulated and maintained order of the creation. They are thus very ancient and include Aitareya, Isha, Taittriya, Brhadaranyaka, Chandogya, Prashna, Mundaka and Mandukya Upanishads.
Only in the more recent upanishads one can see the older ones in praise of Vishnu as the Supreme Being followed by the more recent one's in praise of Shiva. In this group is classified Kathopanishad where Vishnu is the Supreme Being. Krishna Yajurveda Upanishads are famous for their Shiva and Rudra stutis (Rudra Prashna is a famous stuti) and in this way Shevetashvatara Upanishad which accepts Shiva as paradevata is more recent compared to Kathopanishad. In this series, Maitrayaniya Upanishad which accepts all the Trimurti's (Brahma Vishnu and Shiva) is more recent than the above two mentioned Upanishads.
Katha Upanishad (which has no principles of Samkhya) is ancient as against Shvetashvatara (which expounds principles of Samkhya and its preceptor Kapila Maharshi), further more recent is Maitrayaniya Upanishad where samkhya philosophy along with the description of the gunas is given in detail.<ref name=":4" />
=== Shanti Patha Based Classification ===
Based on the Shanti patha that is given in the beginning of the Upanishads the following classification is proposed.(Page 288-289 of Reference <ref name=":22" />)
{| class="wikitable"
|+Shanti Patha Based Classification
!Veda
!Shanti patha
!Upanishads
|-
|Rigveda
|Vangmemanasi...
|Aitareya, Kaushitaki, Atmaprabodha, Nadabindu, Nirvana, Mudgala, Akshamalika, Tripura, Saubhagya, Bahvrucha Upanishads (10)
|-
|Krishna Yajurveda
|Sahanavavatu...
|Kathavalli (commonly referred to as Kathopanishad), Taittriya, Narayana, Brahma, Kaivalya, Shvetasvatara, Garbha, Amrtabindu, Amrtanada, Kalagnirudra, Kshurika, Sarvasara, Shukarahasya, Tejobindu, Dhyanabindu, Brahmavidya, Yogatattva, Dakshinamurty, Katha (different from Kathavalli), Skanda, Shareeraka, Varaha, Yogashikha, Ekakshara, Akshi, Avadhuta, Rudrahrdaya, Yogakundalini, Panchabrahma, Kalisantarana, Pranagnihotra, Sarasvatirahasya Upanishads (32)
|-
|Shukla Yajurveda
|Purnamadah Purnamida ...
|Ishavasya, Brhadaranya, Jabala, Subaala, Hamsa, Paramahamsa, Mantrikaniralamba, Tarasara, Trishikhi, Brahmanamandala, Brahmana, Advayataraka, Paingala, Bhikshuka, Turiyateeta, Adhyatma, Muktika, Shatyayani, Yajnavalkya Upanishads (19)
|-
|Samaveda
|Apyayantu...
|Kena, Chandogya, Aaruni, Maitrayani, Maitreyi, Vajrasuchi, Yoga, Chudamani, Vasudeva, Sanyasa, Avyakta, Savitri, Rudrakshajabala, Darshanajabali, Kundika, Mahopanishad Upanishads (16)
|-
|Adharvanaveda
|Bhadramkarnebhi...
|Prashna,
|}
== '''Development''' ==
== '''Development''' ==