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Line 52: − + + + + + + + + + + + + − Adhikarana II deals with the bureaucratic set up of the administrative block, heirarchy of officials, the duties and responsibilities of various heads of departments, planning of forts and fortified towns and layout of the settlements. Estimation and collection of revenue, maintaining accounts, industrial establishments including state monopoly concerns, regulation of promotion of internal and foreign trade and commerce. + − − Adhikarana III deals with civil laws and administration of Justice. − − Adhikarana IV deals with criminal laws and suppression of antisocial elements. − − Adhikarana V deals with action against sedition and treason, pay scales of officals and mechanisms to combat financial crisis. − − Adhikarana VI-VII deals with essential characterisitcs of the state described as Saptasangas, the six-fold political expedients in the field of diplomacy among states called as Sadgunya. − − Adhikarana VIII deals with dangers and calamities arising both within or externally due to natural or man-made attempts befalling the king or body politic. − − Adhikarana IX-X deals with military campaigns and ancillary problems. − − Adhikarana XI deals with measures to control economic guilds and political corporations. − − Adhikarana XII-XIII deals with methods of intrigue and the employment of secret agencies against enemies and during military expeditions and ameliorative measures to be taken in a conquered country. − − Adhikarana XIV deals with secret recipes designed to remedy afflictions caused by enemy action. − − Adhikarana XV consists of just one prakarana in the form of a glossary of 32 technical terms and verbal contractions used in the text. This is of special significance as the author gives the intended import of the words that can be mis-construed or misinterpreted by later commentators. − − '''The full contents of the books and its chapters and sub sections have been listed below as in the original text of Arthashastra.'''
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Dr. Radhakrishnan said that Artha takes note of the economic and political life of a person, the craving for power and property. While the pursuit of wealth and happiness is a legitimate human aspiration, they should be gained through righteousness (Dharma), if they are to lead to spiritual freedom of a person (Moksha).<ref>Radhakrishnan, S. (1926). ''Hindu view of life''. George Allen And Unwin Ltd, London.</ref>
Dr. Radhakrishnan said that Artha takes note of the economic and political life of a person, the craving for power and property. While the pursuit of wealth and happiness is a legitimate human aspiration, they should be gained through righteousness (Dharma), if they are to lead to spiritual freedom of a person (Moksha).<ref>Radhakrishnan, S. (1926). ''Hindu view of life''. George Allen And Unwin Ltd, London.</ref>
== विषयविस्तारः ॥ Contents ==
== विषयसूचिः ॥ List of Topics ==
The Arthashastra is a compilation of 15 Adhikaranas (Books), further divided into 150 Adhyayas (Chapters), which are further sub-divided into 180 Prakaranas (Sections) and 380 karikas with 6000 shlokas ''(''verses). The following is a brief account of the composition within various Adhikaranas, Adhyayas and Prakaranas.
The Arthashastra is a compilation of 15 Adhikaranas (Books), further divided into 150 Adhyayas (Chapters), which are further sub-divided into 180 Prakaranas (Sections) and 380 karikas with 6000 shlokas ''(''verses). The following is a brief account of the composition within various Adhikaranas, Adhyayas and Prakaranas.
Book VI to XIV comprise 84 Prakaranas dealing with Avapa.
Book VI to XIV comprise 84 Prakaranas dealing with Avapa.
Adhikarana I deals with discipline, training, daily routine of duties and dissemination of Danda by the king and qualifications of the various levels of ministers and their spies.
* Adhikarana I deals with discipline, training, daily routine of duties and dissemination of Danda by the Ruler and qualifications of the various levels of ministers and their spies.
* Adhikarana II deals with the bureaucratic set up of the administrative block, heirarchy of officials, the duties and responsibilities of various heads of departments, planning of forts and fortified towns and layout of the settlements. Estimation and collection of revenue, maintaining accounts, industrial establishments including state monopoly concerns, regulation of promotion of internal and foreign trade and commerce.
* Adhikarana III deals with civil laws and administration of Justice.
* Adhikarana IV deals with criminal laws and suppression of antisocial elements.
* Adhikarana V deals with action against sedition and treason, pay scales of officals and mechanisms to combat financial crisis.
* Adhikarana VI-VII deal with essential characterisitcs of the state described as Saptangas, the six-fold political expedients in the field of diplomacy among states called as Shadgunya.
* Adhikarana VIII deals with dangers and calamities arising both within or externally due to natural or man-made attempts befalling the ruler or body politic.
* Adhikarana IX-X deal with military campaigns and ancillary problems.
* Adhikarana XI deals with measures to control economic guilds and political corporations.
* Adhikarana XII-XIII deals with methods of intrigue and the employment of secret agencies against enemies and during military expeditions and ameliorative measures to be taken in a conquered country.
* Adhikarana XIV deals with secret recipes designed to remedy afflictions caused by enemy action.
* Adhikarana XV consists of just one prakarana in the form of a glossary of 32 technical terms and verbal contractions used in the text. This is of special significance as the author gives the intended import of the words that can be mis-construed or misinterpreted by later commentators.
The full contents of the books and its chapters and sub-sections have been listed below as in the original text of Arthashastra.
Adhikarana I : '''Vinayadhikarika'''
Adhikarana I : '''Vinayadhikarika'''