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krodho nāma
krodho nāma
asya vikṛṣṭanāsāpuṭodvṛttanayanasandaṣṭhoṣṭhapuṭa-gaṇḍasphuraṇādibhiranubhāvairabhinayaḥ prayoktavyaḥ | ripujo gurujaścaiva praṇayiprabhavastathā| bhṛtyajaḥ kṛtakaśceti krodhaḥ pañcavidhaḥ smṛtaḥ|| 15||</blockquote>Krodha is represented on the stage by anubhavas (consequents) such as swollen nostrils, upturned eyes, bitten lips, throbbing cheeks and the like. <ref name=":4" />
asya vikṛṣṭanāsāpuṭodvṛttanayanasandaṣṭhoṣṭhapuṭa-gaṇḍasphuraṇādibhiranubhāvairabhinayaḥ prayoktavyaḥ | ripujo gurujaścaiva praṇayiprabhavastathā| bhṛtyajaḥ kṛtakaśceti krodhaḥ pañcavidhaḥ smṛtaḥ|| 15||</blockquote>Krodha is represented on the stage by anubhavas (consequents) such as swollen nostrils, upturned eyes, bitten lips, throbbing cheeks and the like.<ref name=":4" />
Krodha is characterized by certain physical and vocal expressions, including
Krodha is characterized by certain physical and vocal expressions, including
== Cause of Anger ==
== Cause of Anger ==
A clear sequence of the cause of anger is observed in the Bhagavadgita (2.62).<ref>https://vivekavani.com/b2v62/</ref>
A clear sequence of the cause of anger is observed in the Bhagavadgita (2.62).<ref>https://vivekavani.com/b2v62/</ref><blockquote>ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंस: सङ्गस्तेषूपजायते | सङ्गात्सञ्जायते काम: कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ||2.62|| dhyāyato viṣayānpuṃsa: saṅgasteṣūpajāyate | saṅgātsañjāyate kāma: kāmātkrodho’bhijāyate ||2.62||</blockquote>
ध्यायतो विषयान्पुंस: सङ्गस्तेषूपजायते | सङ्गात्सञ्जायते काम: कामात्क्रोधोऽभिजायते ||2.62||
* It starts from a stimulus, i.e., a sense object (anything used for enjoyment or satisfaction of our senses).
* It starts from a stimulus, i.e., a sense object (anything used for enjoyment or satisfaction of our senses).
* While contemplating on that, a person develops attachment (सङ्गः-saṅgaḥ) for it.
* While contemplating on that, a person develops attachment (सङ्गः-saṅgaḥ) for it.
# servants
# servants
# feigned anger
# feigned anger
According to Ayurvedic texts, krodha is an emotion influenced by [[Rajas (रजः)|Rajas]] guna and [[Pitta dosha (पित्तम् पित्तदोषः वा)|Pitta dosha]] and is the cause of various diseases.<ref name=":5">Pathak, A., Joshi, Y. V., & Ghate, U. (2023). Holistic Perspective of Anger in Ayurveda. ''Juni Khyat'', ''13''(1), 2278–4632. <nowiki>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369040818</nowiki></ref>
Jwar( Abhishangaja) Ch.Chi. 3/114
2. Gulma( Pittaj) Ch. Chi.5/12
3. Rajyakshma Ch. Chi.8/24
4. Apasmar Ch.Chi.10/5
5. Arsha( Pitta) Ch.Chi.14/15
6. Pandu Ch.Chi.16/9
7. Kasa( Pitta) Ch.Chi.18/114
8. Atisar( Pitta) Ch.Chi.19/6
9. Trishna Ch. Chi.22/4
10. Pratishayaye Ch.Chi.26/104
11. Arochak Ch.Chi.26/124
12. Vatarakta Ch.Chi.29/7
13. Napunsakta Ch.Chi.30/233
14. Prameh( Pittaj) Ch.Ni.4/24
15. Kshaya Ch.Ni.6/8
16. Unmada Ch.Ni.7/8
17. Kasrshya Ch.Su.21/12
18. OjaKshaya Su.Su.15/23
19. Kshudra Rog- Nilika Sam. U. 36/27
20. Mukhkopa( Vata- Pitta) Va.U. 31/28
21. Kshudra Rog- Palita Su.Ni. 13/37
22. Kshudra Rog- Vyanga Sam.U.36/27
23. Grahroga- Pragyaparadh Sam.U. 7/6
24. Pittakopa Ch.Ni.3/114
25. VranaDiran
== Krodha in Various Bharatiya Texts ==
== Krodha in Various Bharatiya Texts ==
Acharya Charaka has described the atyadana and krodha (excessive grief and anger) as psychological factors leading to the vitiation of Rakta dhatu and to the disease Kamala, which can be correlated with jaundice in modern medical science. Discussed in various classical texts, including the works of Acharyas like Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata, Kamala has been recognized as a complex ailment primarily caused by the vitiation of Pitta dosha and is intricately linked to the pathological processes of the liver.<ref>Patil, R. (2023). An Ayurvedic perspective of Kamala and its Management W.S.R. to Jaundice. ''World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research'', ''12''(12), 544–558. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr202312-28989</nowiki></ref>
Acharya Charaka has described the atyadana and krodha (excessive grief and anger) as psychological factors leading to the vitiation of Rakta dhatu and to the disease Kamala, which can be correlated with jaundice in modern medical science. Discussed in various classical texts, including the works of Acharyas like Charaka, Sushruta, and Vagbhata, Kamala has been recognized as a complex ailment primarily caused by the vitiation of Pitta dosha and is intricately linked to the pathological processes of the liver.<ref>Patil, R. (2023). An Ayurvedic perspective of Kamala and its Management W.S.R. to Jaundice. ''World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research'', ''12''(12), 544–558. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr202312-28989</nowiki></ref>
Mentally, Pitta governs reason, intelligence and understanding - the illuminating capacity of the mind. It allows the mind to perceive, judge and discriminate. Anger is its main emotional disturbance, which is fiery, increasing heat within and helps to defend from external attacks. Hence people with Pitta predominance while having good intelligence and discrimination may become opinionated or self-righteous and are prone to anger, which is their main reaction to new or unexpected events.
Mentally, Pitta governs reason, intelligence and understanding - the illuminating capacity of the mind. It allows the mind to perceive, judge and discriminate. Anger is its main emotional disturbance, which is fiery, increasing heat within and helps to defend from external attacks. Hence people with Pitta predominance while having good intelligence and discrimination may become opinionated or self-righteous and are prone to anger, which is their main reaction to new or unexpected events. Causes of anger include anxiety and fatigue, hunger, fear, pain, sexual frustration, recovery from illness, puberty, hormonal changes associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or menopause, and use of certain drugs.<ref name=":2" />
Anger is described as Agneya or producing heat and though there are several shades of angry mind, three are main indicators of gross change in behaviour.<ref name=":5" />
# Samtapta Manas- Moderately angry for a longer time, full verbal expression of Anger.
# Kshubdha Manas- Irritated mind and fully distracted from all routine work.
# Samkshubdha Manas- Severely irritated and angry and will act harshly.
=== Natyashastra ===
=== Natyashastra ===