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Pravrtti and Nivrtti (प्रवृत्तिः निवृत्तिः च) (view source)
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Pravrtti (Samskrit: प्रवृत्ति:) is outward action and Nivrtti (Samskrit: निवृत्ति:) is inward contemplation. These two when governed by [[Dharma (धर्मः)|dharma]] (धर्म:), bring about stability of the world.<ref name=":0">Swami, Ranganathananda, Universal Message of Bhagavad Gita: An exposition of the Gita in the Light of Modern Thought and Modern Needs. Volume 1 </ref>
Pravrtti (Samskrit: प्रवृत्ति:) is outward action and Nivrtti (Samskrit: निवृत्ति:) is inward contemplation. These two when governed by [[Dharma (धर्मः)|dharma]] (धर्म:), bring about stability of the world.<ref name=":0">Swami, Ranganathananda, Universal Message of Bhagavad Gita: An exposition of the Gita in the Light of Modern Thought and Modern Needs. Volume 1 </ref>
# Pravrtta: leading to enjoyment of worldly life
# Pravrtta: leading to enjoyment of worldly life
# Nivrtta: leading to spiritual life
# Nivrtta: leading to spiritual life
It is said that by performance of Pravrtta karma, a person is born again in Samsara, while by Nivrtta karma he attains [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|moksha]].<ref name=":2">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><blockquote>प्रवृत्तं च निवृत्तं च द्विविधं कर्म वैदिकम् | आवर्तते प्रवृत्तेन निवृत्तेनाश्नुतेऽमृतम् ||४७||<ref name=":3">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''pravr̥ttaṁ ca nivr̥ttaṁ ca dvividhaṁ karma vaidikam | āvartatē pravr̥ttēna nivr̥ttēnāśnutē'mr̥tam ||47||''</blockquote>
It is said that by performance of Pravrtta karma, a person is born again in Samsara, while by Nivrtta karma he attains [[Moksha (मोक्षः)|moksha]].<ref name=":2">Ganesh Vasudeo Tagare, The Bhagavata Purana (Part III), Ancient Indian Tradition & Mythology (Volume 9), Edited by J.L.Shastri, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, P.no.[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150116/page/n115/mode/2up 985-996].</ref><blockquote>प्रवृत्तं च निवृत्तं च द्विविधं कर्म वैदिकम् | आवर्तते प्रवृत्तेन निवृत्तेनाश्नुतेऽमृतम् ||४७||<ref name=":3">Bhagavata Purana, Skandha 7, [https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%AD/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB Adhyaya 15].</ref>
''pravr̥ttaṁ ca nivr̥ttaṁ ca dvividhaṁ karma vaidikam | āvartatē pravr̥ttēna nivr̥ttēnāśnutē'mr̥tam ||47||''</blockquote>
== विषयविस्तारः || Subject Matter ==
== विषयविस्तारः || Subject Matter ==
Adi Shankaracharya in the beginning of the introduction to his commentary on [[Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता)|Bhagavad Gita]] mentions: <blockquote>द्विविधो हि वेदोक्तो धर्मः, प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो निवृत्तिलक्षणश्च, जगतः स्तिथिकारणम् | प्राणिनां साक्षादभ्युदयनिःश्रेयसहेतुर्य...<ref>The Bhagavad-Gita Bhashya ([https://archive.org/details/BhagavadGitaBhashyaAdiSankara2/page/n41/mode/2up Volume 1]), The Works of Sri Sankaracharya (Vol. 11), Srirangam: Sri Vani Vilas Press.</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''dvividhō hi vēdōktō dharmaḥ, pravr̥ttilakṣaṇō nivr̥ttilakṣaṇaśca, jagataḥ stithikāraṇam | prāṇināṁ sākṣādabhyudayaniḥśrēyasahēturya...''</blockquote>Meaning: Dharma (धर्म:) taught in Vedas is of a two-fold nature; characterized by pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति:) which is outward action and nivrtti (निवृत्ति:) which is inward contemplation. Dharma (धर्म:) brings about even stability of the world, which are meant to ensure the [[Abhyudaya (अभ्युदयः)|abhyudaya (अभ्युदय:)]] ie. socio-economic welfare and [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|nihshreyasa (नि:श्रेयसम्)]] ie. adhyatmik freedom of all being.
Adi Shankaracharya in the beginning of the introduction to his commentary on [[Bhagavad Gita (भगवद्गीता)|Bhagavad Gita]] mentions: <blockquote>द्विविधो हि वेदोक्तो धर्मः, प्रवृत्तिलक्षणो निवृत्तिलक्षणश्च, जगतः स्तिथिकारणम् | प्राणिनां साक्षादभ्युदयनिःश्रेयसहेतुर्य...<ref>The Bhagavad-Gita Bhashya ([https://archive.org/details/BhagavadGitaBhashyaAdiSankara2/page/n41/mode/2up Volume 1]), The Works of Sri Sankaracharya (Vol. 11), Srirangam: Sri Vani Vilas Press.</ref></blockquote><blockquote>''dvividhō hi vēdōktō dharmaḥ, pravr̥ttilakṣaṇō nivr̥ttilakṣaṇaśca, jagataḥ stithikāraṇam | prāṇināṁ sākṣādabhyudayaniḥśrēyasahēturya...''</blockquote>Meaning: Dharma (धर्म:) taught in Vedas is of a two-fold nature; characterized by pravrtti (प्रवृत्ति:) which is outward action and nivrtti (निवृत्ति:) which is inward contemplation. Dharma (धर्म:) brings about even stability of the world, which are meant to ensure the [[Abhyudaya (अभ्युदयः)|abhyudaya (अभ्युदय:)]] ie. socio-economic welfare and [[Nihshreyasa (निःश्रेयसम्)|nihshreyasa (नि:श्रेयसम्)]] ie. adhyatmik freedom of all being.