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Line 128: − The Yajurveda is a collection of 'mantras' (prose and verse) generally meant for performing a Yajna. Being action-oriented, naturally, variations in it are more than in other Vedas. + − The large number of Shakhas of the Yajurveda indicates the popularity and wide currency of this Veda.+ + − Today, we actually possess, not only in tradition, as in the case of other samhitas, but in actual fom, no less than six complete samhitas of the Yajurveda.<ref name="gsrai11" />+ − + − − Each regional edition (recension) of Yajurveda had Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyakas, Upanishads as part of the text, with Shrautasutras, Grhyasutras and Pratishakhya attached to the text. In Shukla Yajurveda, the text organization is same for both Madhayndina and Kanva shakhas.<ref name="prabhakar" /><ref name="gsrai11" /> − − In Krishna Yajurveda, each of the recensions has or had their Brahmana text mixed into the Samhita text, thus creating a motley of the prose and verses, and making it unclear, disorganized.<ref name="gsrai235" /> − − All about Hinduism - Swami Sivananda − − The Satapatha Brahmana belongs to the Sukla Yajur-Veda. The Krishna-Yajur-Veda has the Taittiriya and the Maitrayana Brahmanas. Each of the Brahmanas has got an Aranyaka. − − There are as many Upanishads to each Veda as there are Sakhas, branches or recensions, i.e., 21, 109, 1000 and 50 respectively to the four Vedas, the Rig-Veda, the Yajur-Veda, the Sama-Veda and the Atharva-Veda. − − Among the Kalpa Sutras, The Katyayana and Paraskara belong to the Sukla Yajur-Veda. The Apastamba, Hiranyakesi, Bodhayana, Bharadvaja, Manava, Vaikhanasa and the Kathaka belong to the Krishna Yajur-Veda.<ref name=":2" /> − − Need Citation − − Also, known as Adhvaryuveda. Has 18 Parishishtas. In the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, vi. 4, 33, there is a reference to the śuklāni Yajūṃṣi, ‘white or pure Yajus,’ as promulgated by Vājasaneya Yājñavalkya, whence the Vājasaneyi Saṃhītā is popularly known as the ‘White Yajurveda.’ − ===Shukla Yajurveda=== − + + − | width="200px" |Regional presence − | width="60px" |Reference + − | width="200px" |Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, North India − | width="60px" |<ref name="gsrai11" /><ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n19/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, page 13</ref> + − | width="200px" |Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu − | width="60px" |<ref name="gsrai11" /><ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n21/mode/2up Sakhas of the Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 1, page 14</ref> − + + + + + + Line 183:
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→यजुर्वेदवाङ्मयम् ॥ Yajurvedic Literature: Editing
ādhvaryavaṁ yajubhiṁstu r̥gūbhirhotraṁ tathā muniḥ । audūgātraṁ sāmabhiścakra brahmatvaṁ cāpyatharvabhiḥ ।। 12 ।।</blockquote>And among the four rtviks imperative to the fulfilment of Yajna-karmas, the Adhvaryu is of prime importance as he performs the prime rituals of the Yajna.<ref name=":0" /> It was the duty of the Adhvaryu to measure the ground, build the altar, prepare Yajna-Upakaranas, to fetch wood and water, to light the fire, to bring the oblation and offer it to the fire and while doing this to repeat the Yajurveda.<ref name=":8" /> And it is to aid the fulfilment of his specific duties known as the Adhvaryava that the Yajurveda Samhitas are compiled within different shakhas.<ref name=":0" />
ādhvaryavaṁ yajubhiṁstu r̥gūbhirhotraṁ tathā muniḥ । audūgātraṁ sāmabhiścakra brahmatvaṁ cāpyatharvabhiḥ ।। 12 ।।</blockquote>And among the four rtviks imperative to the fulfilment of Yajna-karmas, the Adhvaryu is of prime importance as he performs the prime rituals of the Yajna.<ref name=":0" /> It was the duty of the Adhvaryu to measure the ground, build the altar, prepare Yajna-Upakaranas, to fetch wood and water, to light the fire, to bring the oblation and offer it to the fire and while doing this to repeat the Yajurveda.<ref name=":8" /> And it is to aid the fulfilment of his specific duties known as the Adhvaryava that the Yajurveda Samhitas are compiled within different shakhas.<ref name=":0" />
== यजुर्वेदवाङ्मयम् ॥ Yajurvedic Literature ==
== यजुर्वेदवाङ्मयम् ॥ Yajurvedic Literature ==
Yajurveda is a collection of 'mantras' (prose and verse) generally meant for performing a Yajna. Being action-oriented, naturally, variations in it are more than in other Vedas.<ref name="gsrai11" /> Thus, Yajurveda is known for its multiplicity of recensions or schools.<ref name="prabhakar" /> The large number of Shakhas of the Yajurveda also indicates its popularity and wide currency.<ref name="gsrai11" /> And each edition or recension of the Yajurveda has Samhita, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads as part of the text, with Shrautasutras, Grhyasutras and Pratishakhya attached to the text.<ref name="prabhakar" /><ref name="gsrai11" /> In Shukla Yajurveda, the text organization is same for both Madhyandina and Kanva shakhas.<ref name="prabhakar" /><ref name="gsrai11" /> While in Krishna Yajurveda, each of the recensions has or had their Brahmana text mixed into the Samhita text giving rise to its name.<ref name=":13" />
=== यजुर्वेदसंहिताः ॥ Yajurveda Samhitas ===
Today, no less than six complete samhitas of the Yajurveda are available in actual form.<ref name="gsrai11" />
====शुक्लयजुर्वेदः ॥ Shukla Yajurveda====
The samhita in the Shukla Yajurveda is called the Vajasaneyi Samhita. The name Vajasaneyi is derived from Vajasaneya, patronymic of Rshi Yajnavalkya, the founder of the Vajasaneyi branch.<ref name="gsrai11" /> There are two (nearly identical) surviving recensions of the Vajasaneyi Samhita ie. Vajasaneyi Madhyandina and Vajasaneyi Kanva.<ref name="prabhakar" />
===Organization===
The samhita in the Shukla Yajurveda is called the ''Vajasaneyi Samhita''. The name ''Vajasaneyi'' is derived from Vajasaneya, patronymic of sage Yajnavalkya, and the founder of the Vajasaneyi branch. There are two (nearly identical) surviving recensions of the Vajasaneyi Samhita (VS): ''Vajasaneyi Madhyandina'' and ''Vajasaneyi Kanva''.<ref name="prabhakar" />
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt968618916"}" |+ Recensions of the White Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt968618916"}" |+ Recensions of the White Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
|+Shukla Yajurveda Shakhas<ref name="gsrai11" />
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
|Shakha
| width="40px" |Adhyayas
| width="40px" |Adhyayas
| width="40px" |Anuvakas
| width="40px" |Anuvakas
| width="40px" |No. of Verses
| width="40px" |No. of Verses
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Madhyandina
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Madhyandina
|Madhyandina
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |303
| width="40px" |303
| width="40px" |1975
| width="40px" |1975
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kanva
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kanva
|Kanva
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |40
| width="40px" |328
| width="40px" |328
| width="40px" |2086
| width="40px" |2086
|}
|}
===Krishna Yajurveda===
====कृष्णयजुर्वेदः ॥ Krishna Yajurveda====
The Yajurveda was taught by Vyasa to one of his pupils named Vaishampayana who divided it into 86 shakhas and taught it to his pupils. So, Vaishampayana is said to be the original propogator of the shakhas of the Krishna Yajurveda.<ref name=":13" />
The name Charaka seems to be attributed to Vaishampayana on the basis of his literary activities shifting from place to place. Hence, his students were also known as Charakas and a separate shakha is also attached to this name. However, it is not clear if all the references mention a particular shakha by the name Charaka or all the shakhas of the Krishna Yajurveda are called by the name Charaka.<ref name=":13" />
The Katha school is referred to as a sub-school of ''Carakas'' (wanderers) in some ancient texts of India, because they did their scholarship as they wandered from place to place.<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n249/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 236-238</ref>
The Katha school is referred to as a sub-school of ''Carakas'' (wanderers) in some ancient texts of India, because they did their scholarship as they wandered from place to place.<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n249/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 236-238</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt546021976"}" |+ Recensions of the Black Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" style=" background: transparent; " data-ve-attributes="{"style":" background: transparent; ","typeof":"mw:ExpandedAttrs","about":"#mwt546021976"}" |+ Recensions of the Black Yajurveda<ref name=rgriffithwycontents/>
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
|- style="background: #ffad66;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"background: #ffad66;"}" | width="120px" Recension Name
|
| width="50px" |No. of Sub-recensions<ref name="gsrai238">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n251/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 238-241</ref>
| width="50px" |No. of Sub-recensions<ref name="gsrai238">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n251/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 238-241</ref>
| width="40px" |Kanda
| width="40px" |Kanda
| width="60px" |Reference
| width="60px" |Reference
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Taittiriya
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Taittiriya
|
| width="50px" |2
| width="50px" |2
| width="40px" |7
| width="40px" |7
| width="60px" |
| width="60px" |
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Maitrayani
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Maitrayani
|
| width="50px" |6
| width="50px" |6
| width="40px" |4
| width="40px" |4
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n257/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 244</ref>
| width="60px" |<ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n257/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 244</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kāṭhaka (Caraka)
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kāṭhaka (Caraka)
|
| width="50px" |12
| width="50px" |12
| width="40px" |5
| width="40px" |5
| width="60px" |<ref name="gsrai238" /><ref name="gondayv">{{cite book |last=Gonda |first=Jan |title=A History of Indian Literature: Veda and Upanishads |volume=Vol.I |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-01603-5 |pages=326–327 |year=1975}}</ref>
| width="60px" |<ref name="gsrai238" /><ref name="gondayv">{{cite book |last=Gonda |first=Jan |title=A History of Indian Literature: Veda and Upanishads |volume=Vol.I |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |location=Wiesbaden |isbn=3-447-01603-5 |pages=326–327 |year=1975}}</ref>
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kapiṣṭhala
|- style="text-align: center;" data-ve-attributes="{"style":"text-align: center;"}" | width="120px" Kapiṣṭhala
|Kapishthala
| width="50px" |5
| width="50px" |5
| width="40px" |6
| width="40px" |6
| width="200px" |Haryana, Rajasthan
| width="200px" |Haryana, Rajasthan
| width="60px" |<ref name="gondayv" /><ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n255/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 241-242</ref>
| width="60px" |<ref name="gondayv" /><ref>GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n255/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 241-242</ref>
|}The Maitrayani saṃhita is the oldest Yajurveda Samhita that has survived, and it differs largely in content from the Taittiriyas, as well as in some different arrangement of chapters, but is much more detailed.<ref name="gsrai235">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n247/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 235-253</ref>
|}
The Maitrayani saṃhita is the oldest Yajurveda Samhita that has survived, and it differs largely in content from the Taittiriyas, as well as in some different arrangement of chapters, but is much more detailed.<ref name="gsrai235">GS Rai, [https://archive.org/stream/puranavolvii015193mbp#page/n247/mode/2up Sakhas of the Krsna Yajurveda in the Puranas], Purana, Vol 7, No. 2, pages 235-253</ref>
The Kāṭhaka saṃhitā or the Caraka-Kaṭha saṃhitā, according to tradition was compiled by Katha, a disciple of Vaisampayana.<ref name="gsrai235" /> Like the Maitrayani Samhita, it offers much more detailed discussion of some rituals than the younger ''Taittiriya samhita'' that frequently summarizes such accounts.<ref name="gsrai235" /> The Kapiṣṭhala saṃhitā or the Kapiṣṭhala-Kaṭha saṃhitā, named after the sage Kapisthala is extant only in some large fragments and edited without accent marks.<ref name="gsrai235" /> This text is practically a variant of the Kāṭhaka saṃhitā.
The Kāṭhaka saṃhitā or the Caraka-Kaṭha saṃhitā, according to tradition was compiled by Katha, a disciple of Vaisampayana.<ref name="gsrai235" /> Like the Maitrayani Samhita, it offers much more detailed discussion of some rituals than the younger ''Taittiriya samhita'' that frequently summarizes such accounts.<ref name="gsrai235" /> The Kapiṣṭhala saṃhitā or the Kapiṣṭhala-Kaṭha saṃhitā, named after the sage Kapisthala is extant only in some large fragments and edited without accent marks.<ref name="gsrai235" /> This text is practically a variant of the Kāṭhaka saṃhitā.
This Samhita is not available in entirety.
This Samhita is not available in entirety.
===Organization===
All about Hinduism - Swami Sivananda
The Satapatha Brahmana belongs to the Sukla Yajur-Veda. The Krishna-Yajur-Veda has the Taittiriya and the Maitrayana Brahmanas. Each of the Brahmanas has got an Aranyaka.
There are as many Upanishads to each Veda as there are Sakhas, branches or recensions, i.e., 21, 109, 1000 and 50 respectively to the four Vedas, the Rig-Veda, the Yajur-Veda, the Sama-Veda and the Atharva-Veda.
Among the Kalpa Sutras, The Katyayana and Paraskara belong to the Sukla Yajur-Veda. The Apastamba, Hiranyakesi, Bodhayana, Bharadvaja, Manava, Vaikhanasa and the Kathaka belong to the Krishna Yajur-Veda.<ref name=":2" />
Need Citation
Also, known as Adhvaryuveda. Has 18 Parishishtas. In the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, vi. 4, 33, there is a reference to the śuklāni Yajūṃṣi, ‘white or pure Yajus,’ as promulgated by Vājasaneya Yājñavalkya, whence the Vājasaneyi Saṃhītā is popularly known as the ‘White Yajurveda.’
===Brahmanas===
===Brahmanas===
Baldev Upadhyay (1955), [https://ia801607.us.archive.org/10/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.347181/2015.347181.Vaidik-Sahitya.pdf Vaidik Sahitya], Kashi
Baldev Upadhyay (1955), [https://ia801607.us.archive.org/10/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.347181/2015.347181.Vaidik-Sahitya.pdf Vaidik Sahitya], Kashi