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Samveda has two main parts: (1) पूर्वार्चिक । Purvarchika, (2) उत्तरार्चिक । Uttararchika. The literal meaning of 'आर्चिक  ।Archika' is - a group or collection of Richas.

Samveda has two main parts: (1) पूर्वार्चिक । Purvarchika, (2) उत्तरार्चिक । Uttararchika. The literal meaning of 'आर्चिक  ।Archika' is - a group or collection of Richas.

=== (1) पूर्वार्चिक ॥ '''Purvarchika''' ===

=== (1) पूर्वार्चिक ॥ Purvarchika ===

It has four sections: (a) आग्नेय । Agneya, (b) ऐन्द्र । Aindra, (c) पवमान । Pavamana. (d) महानाम्नी आर्चिक ।Mahanamni Archik, Aaranyakanda and Parishista (appendix). There are 6 Adhyayas in Purvarchika. Adhyayas are divided into Kanda and named as 'Dashati'. Dashati means ten Richas, but there appears no restriction on the number of ten in each Dashati, at some places they are less and at other places they are more. Adhyaya 1 is Agneya Kand. Adhyayas 2 to 4 constitute Aindra Kand. Adhyaya 5 is the Pavamana kand. Adyaya 6 is Aranyakaand. Its appendix is Mahanamni Archik (10 mantras).

It has four sections: (a) आग्नेय । Agneya, (b) ऐन्द्र । Aindra, (c) पवमान । Pavamana. (d) महानाम्नी आर्चिक ।Mahanamni Archik, Aaranyakanda and Parishista (appendix). There are 6 Adhyayas in Purvarchika. Adhyayas are divided into Kanda and named as 'Dashati'. Dashati means ten Richas, but there appears no restriction on the number of ten in each Dashati, at some places they are less and at other places they are more. Adhyaya 1 is Agneya Kand. Adhyayas 2 to 4 constitute Aindra Kand. Adhyaya 5 is the Pavamana kand. Adyaya 6 is Aranyakaand. Its appendix is Mahanamni Archik (10 mantras).

According to Naradiya Shiksha, Paniniya Shiksha and Yajnavalkya Shiksha, these cosmic notes have developed from the three basic notes Udatta, Anudatta and Swarit.<blockquote>उदात्ते निषादगान्धारौ अनुदात्ते ऋषभधैवतौ । स्वरितप्रभाव ह्येते षड्जमध्यमपञ्चमाः ॥  </blockquote>To represent these notes, numbers 1,2,3 are given on the Samavedic mantras. Their meaning is 1 = उदात्त - Sublime, 2 स्वरित - Swarit 3 अनुदात्त - Anudatta. Similarly, numbers like 1, 2, 3 etc. respectively represent the seven notes like Madhyam, Gandhar, Rishabh etc. (in the order of Ma Ga Re..).  

According to Naradiya Shiksha, Paniniya Shiksha and Yajnavalkya Shiksha, these cosmic notes have developed from the three basic notes Udatta, Anudatta and Swarit.<blockquote>उदात्ते निषादगान्धारौ अनुदात्ते ऋषभधैवतौ । स्वरितप्रभाव ह्येते षड्जमध्यमपञ्चमाः ॥  </blockquote>To represent these notes, numbers 1,2,3 are given on the Samavedic mantras. Their meaning is 1 = उदात्त - Sublime, 2 स्वरित - Swarit 3 अनुदात्त - Anudatta. Similarly, numbers like 1, 2, 3 etc. respectively represent the seven notes like Madhyam, Gandhar, Rishabh etc. (in the order of Ma Ga Re..).  

The fundamental difference between the seven notes of Samagana and the seven notes of secular classical music is that the octaves of Sama are in the 'अवरोहारोह'- Avaroharoh' descending-ascending order and the octaves of the secular song are in the 'आरोहावरोह '- Aarohavaroh' order or ascending-descending order.<ref name=":1" />

The fundamental difference between the seven notes of Samagana and the seven notes of secular classical music is that the notes of Sama are in the 'अवरोहारोह'- Avaroharoh' descending-ascending order and the notes of the secular song are in the 'आरोहावरोह '- Aarohavaroh' order or ascending-descending order.<ref name=":1" />

=== ग्राम । Grama ===

=== ग्राम । Grama ===

There are three grama or त्रिसप्तक । trisaptaka in Samaveda. It refers to the pitch of the singer.  

There are three grama or त्रिसप्तक । trisaptaka in Samaveda. It refers to the pitch of the singer.  

# मन्द्र (निम्न) -  

# मन्द्र (निम्न) - low

# मध्य (मध्यम)

# मध्य (मध्यम) - medium

# तीव्र (उच्च)  

# तीव्र (उच्च) - high

There are vowels. According to Naradiya Shiksha, Paniniya Shiksha and Yajnavalkya Shiksha, these cosmic notes have developed from these three basic notes Udatta, Anudatta and Swarit.

The [[Rtvik (ऋत्विक्)|rtvik]] of Samaveda is called Udgaata. He has three assistants: the presenter, the counterpart and the subramanya. The group of these four priests was called 'Udgatrimandal' or 'Udgatrivarga'.

 

Their function is to chant the Sama in auspicious rituals such as [[Yajna (यज्ञः)|yajnas]]. The Samaveda is also called 'Udgaatriveda' because it is associated with a priest named Udgaata.

==References==

==References==