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Pratyaksha Pramana (प्रत्यक्षप्रमाणम्) (view source)
Revision as of 21:46, 5 February 2024
, 5 Februaryno edit summary
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Perception refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, consciously experienced and processed by the nervous system. Perception includes psychological processes that take place in the mind based on external sensory inputs and/or internal experiences and thoughts. Sensory systems provide important information about our surroundings. This information used to successfully navigate and interact with our environment so that we can find nourishment, seek shelter, maintain social relationships, and avoid potentially dangerous situations.<ref>Introduction to Psychology course on NPTEL (Chapter: Sensation and Perception)</ref>
Perception refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, consciously experienced and processed by the nervous system. Perception includes psychological processes that take place in the mind based on external sensory inputs and/or internal experiences and thoughts. Sensory systems provide important information about our surroundings. This information used to successfully navigate and interact with our environment so that we can find nourishment, seek shelter, maintain social relationships, and avoid potentially dangerous situations.<ref>Introduction to Psychology course on NPTEL (Chapter: Sensation and Perception)</ref>
== Etymology ==
The word [[Perception]] has come to be used to explain the Samskrit term Pratyaksha. The word Pratyaksha consists of the prefix 'प्र - pra' and the noun 'अक्ष - aksha' used in the meaning प्रतिगतमक्षि इन्द्रियं यत्र । that which goes along with the eye-sense organ, as in Shabdhakalpadhruma, it means इन्द्रियग्राह्यम् । According to Amarakosha it means ऐन्द्रियकम् । इत्यमरः । related to sense organs.<ref>Shrimad Amarsingha (Reprint 2016) Amarkosha Tritiya Kanda, Vishesyanigna varga (3.1.78) Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan (Page 507)</ref>
In Charaka Samhita
Pratyaksa is defined by Monier Williams<ref>Williams, M. (1872). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford, London: The Clarendon Press (Page 611)</ref> as ’present before the eyes,’ hence ‘visible,’ ‘perceptible," ‘direct perception,' ‘apprehension by the senses.’ Pramana as ‘mode of proof.’ V.S. Apte, in not dissimilar manner, renders pratyaksa as ‘cognizable by an organ of sense', “apprehension by the sense,’’ “considered as a pramana or mode of proof.”
The terms of the definitions are, in part, right and, in part, wrong, and could be quite misleading in characterizing the Advaitic conception of perception. The terms ‘perceptible’, ‘direct perception’, and ‘mode of proof' are strictly the only ones that apply to its definition of perception (pratyaksa), the rest are in need of qualification as they apply to one aspect of perception only. More precisely, the terms ‘given to senses', ‘cognized by any organ of sense’, ‘present before the eye’, ‘visible’ are inadequate depictions of, and grossly limit the scope of pratyaksa in Advaita.
== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Darshanas]]
[[Category:Darshanas]]