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Nyaya Darshana (Samskrit : न्यायदर्शनम्) is one of the most important darshana shastras from ancient times. The word Nyaya signifies going into a subject, i.e., investigating it analytically. In this sense of analysis, the word Nyaya is exactly opposed to Sankhya, synthesis. The Nyaya is sometimes called Tarka-Vidya or the Science of Debate, Vada-Vidya or the Science of Discussion. Tarka is the special feature of the Nyaya. Nyaya is not merely formal logic, but a complete epistemology. Logic is merely one part or a single topic under Nyaya Darsana.<ref name=":1">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 190-196</ref>

#  न्यायः Nyaya (Rishi Gautama)

 

 

Maharshi Gautama (गौतमः) was the founder of the Nyaya system of philosophy. Nyaya Sutra by Gautama is the first work on Nyaya Darsana. This is the most famous book of this school. Numerous commentaries. have been written on this book by various authors viz. Nyaya-Bhashya by Vatsyayana, Nyayalankara by Shrikantha, Nyaya-Manjari by Jayanta, Nyaya-Bodhini by Govardhana, Nyaya-Varttika-Tatparya-Tika by Vachaspati Misra.

Rishi Gautama was the founder of the Nyaya system of philosophy. The word Nyaya signifies going into a subject, i.e., investigating it analytically. In this sense of analysis, the word Nyaya is exactly opposed to Sankhya, synthesis. The Nyaya is sometimes called Tarka-Vidya or the Science of Debate, Vada-Vidya or the Science of Discussion. Tarka is the special feature of the Nyaya. Nyaya is not merely formal logic, but a complete epistemology. Logic is merely one part or a single topic under Nyayya Darsana.<ref name=":1">Swami Sivananda, All About Hinduism, Page 190-196</ref> Nyaya Sutra by Gautama is the first work on Nyaya Darsana. This is the most famous book of this school. Numerous commentaries. have been written on this book by various authors viz. Nyaya-Bhashya by Vatsyayana, Nyayalankara by Shrikantha, Nyaya-Manjari by Jayanta, Nyaya-Bodhini by Govardhana, Nyaya-Varttika-Tatparya-Tika by Vachaspati Misra.

==== Nyaya—A Method of Philosophical Enquiry ====

==== Nyaya—A Method of Philosophical Enquiry ====

The purpose of Nyaya is critical examination of the objects of knowledge by means of the canons of logical proof. The Nyaya system deals critically with metaphysical problems. It contains discussions on psychology, logic, metaphysics and theology. The Nyaya is intended to furnish a correct method of philosophical enquiry into all the objects and subjects of human knowledge, including the process of reasoning and laws of thought. The evidence of the senses is submitted to a critical enquiry. The Nyaya gives a description of the mechanism of knowledge in detail.<ref name=":1" />

The purpose of Nyaya is critical examination of the objects of knowledge by means of the canons of logical proof. The Nyaya system deals critically with metaphysical problems. It contains discussions on psychology, logic, metaphysics and theology. The Nyaya is intended to furnish a correct method of philosophical enquiry into all the objects and subjects of human knowledge, including the process of reasoning and laws of thought. The evidence of the senses is submitted to a critical enquiry. The Nyaya gives a description of the mechanism of knowledge in detail.<ref name=":1" />