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→Chitta Vikshepa
The state in which a human mind resides in any particular moment is called as Chitta vritti or the modification of the mind. Chitta transforms into many forms and has infinite modifications. It has no shape and takes the shape of the Vishaya or object that it comes into contact with. This Vishayakaarata (becoming like Vishaya) is called as Vrtti.<ref name=":3" /> In Advaita Vedanta, we find an explanation about the mind (or Antahkarana) issuing out of the sense organs, goes to the object perceived by the sense organ and is modified into the form of the object (say a pot). This very modification is called a state or Vrtti.<ref name=":02">Swami Madhavananda. trans., ''Vedanta Paribhasha of Dharmaraja Adhvarindra.'' Howrah: The Ramakrishna Mission Sarada Pitha. pp 15-16</ref>
The state in which a human mind resides in any particular moment is called as Chitta vritti or the modification of the mind. Chitta transforms into many forms and has infinite modifications. It has no shape and takes the shape of the Vishaya or object that it comes into contact with. This Vishayakaarata (becoming like Vishaya) is called as Vrtti.<ref name=":3" /> In Advaita Vedanta, we find an explanation about the mind (or Antahkarana) issuing out of the sense organs, goes to the object perceived by the sense organ and is modified into the form of the object (say a pot). This very modification is called a state or Vrtti.<ref name=":02">Swami Madhavananda. trans., ''Vedanta Paribhasha of Dharmaraja Adhvarindra.'' Howrah: The Ramakrishna Mission Sarada Pitha. pp 15-16</ref>
Vrtti (singular वृत्तिः) literally means "wave," and refers to all elements that can affect the mutable Chitta. In terms of mind, it involves thoughts and with reference to the body it refers to the diseases and changes formed by ageing. Vrttis are the transformations and modifications in response to external stimuli, in the form of waves. Vrttis are formed from Samskaras or impressions on the mind and viceversa, and this is a perpetual cycle.<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>वृत्तयः पञ्चतय्यः क्लिष्टाक्लिष्टाः ॥ १.५ ॥ (Yoga. Sutr. 1.5) </blockquote>The gross and subtle thought patterns (Vrttis) can be classified into five categories, and can be either of Klishta (afflictive or accompanied by Pancha Kleshas and cause sufferings) or Aklishta (non-afflictive or not accompanied by Kleshas and cause happiness) nature. Both these kinds of vrttis recur in the lifetime of an individual in varying magnitudes causing sadness and happiness to a person. <blockquote>प्रमाणविपर्ययविकल्पनिद्रास्मृतयः ॥ १.६ ॥ (Yoga. Sutr. 1.6) </blockquote>The five vrttis of chitta are
Vrtti (singular वृत्तिः) literally means "wave," and refers to all elements that can affect the mutable Chitta. In terms of mind, it involves thoughts and with reference to the body it refers to the diseases and changes formed by ageing. Vrttis are the transformations and modifications in response to external stimuli, in the form of waves. Vrttis are formed from Samskaras or impressions on the mind and viceversa, and this is a perpetual cycle.<ref name=":3" /><blockquote>वृत्तयः पञ्चतय्यः क्लिष्टाक्लिष्टाः ॥ १.५ ॥ (Yoga. Sutr. 1.5) </blockquote>The gross and subtle thought patterns (Vrttis) can be classified into five categories, and can be either of Klishta (afflictive or accompanied by Pancha Kleshas and cause sufferings) or Aklishta (non-afflictive or not accompanied by Kleshas and cause happiness) nature. Both these kinds of vrttis recur in the lifetime of an individual in varying magnitudes causing sadness and happiness to a person.<ref name=":3" /> <blockquote>प्रमाणविपर्ययविकल्पनिद्रास्मृतयः ॥ १.६ ॥ (Yoga. Sutr. 1.6) </blockquote>The five vrttis of chitta are
# प्रमाण ॥ Pramana - knowing correctly
# प्रमाण ॥ Pramana - knowing correctly
# निद्रा॥ Nidra - the object of void-ness
# निद्रा॥ Nidra - the object of void-ness
# स्मृतिः॥ Smrti - recollection or memory
# स्मृतिः॥ Smrti - recollection or memory
अविद्यास्मितारागद्वेषाभिनिवेशाः क्लेशाः ॥ २.३ ॥(Yoga. Sutr. 2.3)
Maharshi Vyasa explains the five kleshas which accompany the vrttis as<ref name=":3" />
# अविद्या॥ Avidya
# अस्मिता॥ Asmita
# रागः॥ Raga
# द्वेषः॥ Dvesha
# अभिनिवेशः॥ Abhinivesha
Klistha vrttis are painful, associated with dukha, because they generate avidyayukta vasanarupa, samskaras which keep man bound in the chain of life and death.
== चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः ॥ Chittavrtti nirodha ==
== चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः ॥ Chittavrtti nirodha ==
# '''निरुद्धम्॥''' '''niruddha''', where everything is restrained, controlled
# '''निरुद्धम्॥''' '''niruddha''', where everything is restrained, controlled
== Chitta Vikshepa ==
== चित्तविक्षेपाः ॥ Chitta Vikshepa ==
The nine obstacles (antarayah) in the path of attaining samadhi, as per Yoga sutras, are known as [[Chitta Vikshepa (चित्तविक्षेपाः)]]. <blockquote>व्याधिस्त्यानसंशयप्रमादालस्याविरतिभ्रान्तिदर्शनालब्धभूमिकत्वानवस्थितत्वानि चित्तविक्षेपास् तेऽन्तरायाः ॥ १.३० ॥ (Yoga. Sutr. 1.30)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>They are<ref name=":3" />
The nine obstacles (antarayah) in the path of attaining samadhi, as per Yoga sutras, are known as [[Chitta Vikshepa (चित्तविक्षेपाः)]]. <blockquote>व्याधिस्त्यानसंशयप्रमादालस्याविरतिभ्रान्तिदर्शनालब्धभूमिकत्वानवस्थितत्वानि चित्तविक्षेपास् तेऽन्तरायाः ॥ १.३० ॥ (Yoga. Sutr. 1.30)<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>They are<ref name=":3" />