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64 Kalas of ancient India (प्राचीन भारत में चौंसठ कलाऍं) (view source)
Revision as of 00:03, 2 October 2022
, 00:03, 2 October 2022→कला के चौंसठ प्रकार॥ Kinds of 64 Kalas
इनमें से कुछ ग्रंथों में 64 कलाओं की सूची को निम्न तालिका में जोड़ा गया है-
इनमें से कुछ ग्रंथों में 64 कलाओं की सूची को निम्न तालिका में जोड़ा गया है-
{| class="wikitable"
|+चतुःषष्टिः कलाः ॥ Chatusshashti Kala (64 Arts)
!Text
!शैवतन्त्रम्<ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD Vachaspatyam]</ref><ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83 Shabdakalpadruma]</ref><ref>Srimad Bhagavata Mahapurana (Part II), English redition: C.L.Goswami, Gorakhpur: Gita Press, Fourth Edition (1997), Pg.no.294 (annotation)</ref>
!शुक्रनीतिसारः<ref>श्रीमत् शुक्राचार्य्यविरचितः शुक्रनीतिसारः, १८९०: कलिकाताराजधान्याम्, द्वितीयसंस्करणम् ।</ref><ref>B.D.Basu, The Sacred Books of the Hindus, Vol XIII [https://archive.org/details/Sukra_Niti The Sukraniti], Allahabad: The Panini Office, Bhuvaneshwari Asrama, 1914. Pg.no.157</ref>
|-
|1
|गीतम् ॥ Geeta (Singing)
|नर्तनम् ॥ Nartana (Dancing)
|-
|2
|वाद्यम् ॥ Vadya (Playing on various musical instruments)
|<nowiki>वादनम् || Vadana (Playing musical instruments)</nowiki>
|-
|3
|नृत्यम् ॥ Nrtya (Dancing)
|<nowiki>वस्त्रालङ्कारसन्धानम् || Vastralankara sandhana (Decoration by dress and ornaments)</nowiki>
|-
|4
|नाट्यम् ॥ Natya (Acting, gesticulation, mimicry)
|<nowiki>अनेकरूपाविर्भावकृतिज्ञानम् || Anekaroopavirbhavakrti jnana (Knowledge of sundry mimicry and antics)</nowiki>
|-
|5
|आलेख्यम् ॥ Alekhya (Drawing, Painting, Calligraphy)
|<nowiki>शय्यस्तरणसंयोगपुष्पादिग्रथनम् || shayyastaranasamyoga pushpadi grathana (Laying out of beds and furniture and weaving of garland)</nowiki>
|-
|6
|विशेषकच्छेद्यम् ॥ Visheshakacchedya (Painting figures of various designs on the various parts of the body with musk paste and other fragrant substances)
|<nowiki>द्युताद्यनेकक्रीडा || Dyutadyanekakreeda (Entertaining people with gambling and various tricks of magic)</nowiki>
|-
|7
|तण्डुलकुसुमयलिविकाराः ॥ Tandula kusumayalivikara (Preparing for use in worship various designs with grains of rice, flowers, etc)
|<nowiki>अनेकासनसन्धानैः रतेः ज्ञानम् || Anekasanasandhanaih rateh jnaana (Knowledge of different aspects of giving pleasure)</nowiki>
|-
|8
|पुष्पास्तरणम् ॥ Pushpaastarana (Preparing a bed of flowers)
|<nowiki>मकरन्दादीनां मद्यादीनां कृतिः || Makarandadinam madyadinam krti (Distillation of wines and spirituous liquors from flowers)</nowiki>
|-
|9
|दशनवसनाङ्गरागाः ॥ Dashana vasananga raga (Colouring the teeth and other limbs and articles of wearing apparel)
|<nowiki>शिराव्रणव्याधे शूल्यगूढाहृतौ ज्ञानम् || Shiravranavyadhe shulyagudhahrtau jnana (Extrication of thorns and relieving pain by operating on the wounds of a vein)</nowiki>
|-
|10
|मणिभूमिकाकर्म ॥ Mani bhumika karma (Paving a floor with Precious stones)
|<nowiki>हिङ्ग्वादिरससंयोगाद् अन्नादिपचनम् || Hingvadi rasasamyogad annadi pachana (Cooking of food by intermixtures of various tastes)</nowiki>
|-
|11
|शयनरचनम् ॥ Shayana rachana (Preparing a bed)
|<nowiki>वृक्षादिप्रसवारोपपालनादिकृतिः || Vrkshadiprasavaropapalanadi krti Udakaghat (Planting, grafting and preservation of plants)</nowiki>
|-
|12
|उदकवाद्यम् ॥ Udakavadya (Using a pot full of water as a musical instrument and treading on water)
|<nowiki>पाषाणधात्वादिहतिस्तद्भस्मोकरणम् || Pashanadhatvadi hatistadbhasmokarana (Melting and powdering of stones and metals)</nowiki>
|-
|13
|उदकघातः ॥ Udakaghata (Sprinkling with water cannons)
|<nowiki>इक्षुविकाराणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Ikshuvikaranam Krtijnana (Using preparations from sugarcanes)</nowiki>
|-
|14
|चित्रायोगाः ॥ Chitrayoga (Herbal preparations for weakening of enemy)
|<nowiki>धात्वौषधीनां संयोगक्रियाज्ञानम् || Dhatu Aushadhinam samyoga Kriya jnana (Knowledge of mixtures of metals and medicinal plants)</nowiki>
|-
|15
|माल्यग्रथनविकल्पाः ॥ Malyagrathana vikalpa (Preparing chaplets and wreathe of flowers)
|<nowiki>धातुसाङ्कर्य्यपार्थक्यकरणम् || Dhatu sankaryaparthakya karana (Analysis and synthesis of metals)</nowiki>
|-
|16
|केशशेखरापीडयोजनम् ॥ Keshashekharapeeda yojana (Ladies hair styling)
|<nowiki>धात्वादीनां संयोगापूर्वज्ञानम् || Dhatu adinam samyogapoorva jnana (Preparation of alloys)</nowiki>
|-
|17
|नेपथ्ययोगाः ॥ Nepathyayoga (Modes of beautifying the body with cloths and ornaments of various kinds)
|<nowiki>क्षारनिष्कासनज्ञानम् || ksharanishkasana jnana (Preparation of salts)</nowiki>
|-
|18
|कर्णपत्रभङ्गाः ॥ Karnapatrabhanga (Painting ornamental figures on the ears)
|<nowiki>पदादिन्यासतः शस्त्रसन्धानविक्षेपः || Padadinyasata shastrasandhana vikshepa (Use and arrangement of arms by proper arrangement of legs). </nowiki>
|-
|19
|गन्धयुक्तिः ॥ Gandhayukti (Making perfumes and cosmetics)
|<nowiki>सन्ध्याघाताकृष्टिभेदैः मल्लयुद्धम् || Sandhyaghatakrshribhedaih Mallayuddha (Duelling with various artifices)</nowiki>
|-
|20
|भूषणयोजनम् ॥ Bhushanayojana (Making ornaments of various designs)
|<nowiki>मल्लानामशस्त्रं मुष्टिभिः बाहुयुद्धम् || Mallanamashastram mushtibhih bahuyuddha (Hand to hand fight)</nowiki>
|-
|21
|इन्द्रजालम् ॥ Indrajala (Jugglery)
|<nowiki>बलदर्पविनाशान्तं नियुद्धम् || Baladarpavinashantam Niyuddha (Niyuddha for destruction of enemy's power and vanity)</nowiki>
|-
|22
|कौचुमारयोगाः ॥ Kauchumarayoga (the art of beautification)
|<nowiki>सन्निपातावघातैश्च कृतं निपीडनम् तन्मुक्तिः || Sannipatavaghataishcha Krtam nipeedanam tanmukti (Attack by duellers and method of extricating oneself from these)</nowiki>
|-
|23
|हस्तलाघवम् ॥ Hastalaghava (Sleight of hand)
|<nowiki>अभिलक्षिते देशे यन्त्राद्यस्वनिपातनम् || Abhilakshite deshe yantradyasvanipatana (Throwing of arms and implements towards some fixed point)</nowiki>
|-
|24
|चित्रशाकापूपभक्ष्यविकारक्रिया ॥ Chitrashakapupabhakyavikara kriya (Culinary art)
|<nowiki>वाद्यसङ्केततो व्यूहरचना || Vadyasanketato Vyuharachana (Formation of battle arrays according to signals given by musical instruments)</nowiki>
|-
|25
|पानकरसरागासवयोजनम् ॥ Panakarasaragasava yojana (Making drinks of various tastes and colours and spirituous liquors of various kinds)
|<nowiki>गजाश्वरथगत्या युद्धसंयोजनम् || Gajashvarathagatya Yuddhasamyojana (Arrangement of horses, elephants and chariots in war)</nowiki>
|-
|26
|[[Textile Technology (तन्तुकार्यम्)|सूचीवापकर्म]] ॥ Suchivapakarma (Weaving and needle-work of various kinds)
|<nowiki>विविधासनमुद्राभिः देवतातोषणम् || Vividhasanamudrabhih devatatoshana (Propitiation of Gods by various seats and postures)</nowiki>
|-
|27
|वीणाडमरुकसूत्रक्रीडा ॥ Veena damaruka sutra kreeda (Making musical instruments of various kinds and working puppets by strings)
|<nowiki>सारथ्यं च गजाश्वादेर्गतिशिक्षा || Sarathyam cha Gajashvadergatishiksha (Driving horses and elephants)</nowiki>
|-
|28
|प्रहेलिका ॥ Prahelika (Solving riddles)
|<nowiki>मृत्तिकाभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Mrttika bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of earthen vessels)</nowiki>
|-
|29
|प्रतिमा* ॥ Pratima (Sculpture)
|<nowiki>काष्ठभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Kashtha bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of wooden vessels)</nowiki>
|-
|30
|दुर्वचकयोगाः ॥ Durvachaka yoga (Skill in uttering tongue twisters)
|<nowiki>पाषाणभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Pashana bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of stone vessels)</nowiki>
|-
|31
|पुस्तकवाचनम् ॥ Pustaka vachana (The art of reading manuscripts easily and quickly)
|<nowiki>धातुभाण्डादिसत्क्रिया || Dhatu bhandadi satkrya (Cleansing, etc of metal vessels)</nowiki>
|-
|32
|नाटिकाख्यायिकादर्शनम् ॥ Natika Akhyayika darshana (Dramaturgy and story writing)
|<nowiki>चित्राद्यालिखनम् || Chitradyalikhana (Picture drawing)</nowiki>
|-
|33
|काव्यसमस्यापूरणम् ॥ Kavya samasya purana (Completion of incomplete verses or part verses)
|<nowiki>तडागवापीप्रासादसमभूमिक्रिया || Tadagavapiprasada samabhumi krya (Construction of tanks, canals, palaces and squares)</nowiki>
|-
|34
|पट्टिकावेत्रवाणविकल्पाः ॥ Pattikavetravana vikalpa (Making ligatures, canes, arrows)
|<nowiki>घट्यादानेकयन्त्राणां वाद्यानां कृतिः || Ghatyadanekayantranam vadyanam krtih (Construction of clocks, watches and musical instruments)</nowiki>
|-
|35
|तर्कूकर्माणि ॥ Tarkukarma (Spindle work)
|<nowiki>हीनमध्यादिसंयोगवर्णाद्यै रञ्जनम् || Hinamadhyadisamyogavarnadyai ranjana (Dyeing by application of inferior, middling and other colours)</nowiki>
|-
|36
|तक्षणम् ॥ Takshana (Carpentry)
|<nowiki>जलवाय्वग्निसंयोगनिरोधैश्च क्रिया || Jalavayvanisamyoga nirodhaishcha krya (Putting down actions of water, air and fire)</nowiki>
|-
|37
|वास्तुविद्या ॥ Vastuvidya (Architecture)
|<nowiki>नौकारथादियानानां कृतिज्ञानम् || naukarathadiyananam krti jnana (Preparation of boats, chariots and conveyances)</nowiki>
|-
|38
|रूप्यरत्नपरीक्षा ॥ Roopya ratna pariksha (Testing valuable metals and precious stones)
|<nowiki>सूत्रादिरज्जुकरणविज्ञानम् || Sutradirajjukarana vijnana (Preparation of threads and ropes)</nowiki>
|-
|39
|धातुवादः ॥ Dhatuvada (Alchemy)
|<nowiki>अनेकतन्त्तुसंयोगैः पटबन्धः || Anekatantusamyogaih Patabandha (Weaving of fabrics)</nowiki>
|-
|40
|मणिरागज्ञानम् ॥ Maniraga jnana (Colouring precious stones)
|<nowiki>रत्नानां वेधादिसदसज्ज्ञानम् || Ratnanam vedhadisadasad jnana (Testing of gems)</nowiki>
|-
|41
|आकरज्ञानम् ॥ Akara jnana (Knowledge of latent minerals)
|<nowiki>स्वर्णादीनां याथात्म्यविज्ञानम् || Svarnadinam yathatmya vijnana (Testing of gold and other metals)</nowiki>
|-
|42
|वृक्षायुर्वेदयोगाः ॥ Vrkshayurveda yoga (Nursing and treating plants)
|<nowiki>कृत्रिमस्वर्णरत्नादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Krtrimasvarnaratnadi krya jnana (Preparation of artificial gold and gems) and स्वर्णाद्यलङ्कारकृतिः लेपादिसत्कृतिः ॥ Svarnadi alankara krti lepadisatkrti (Making of ornaments with gold and other metals and enamelling)</nowiki>
|-
|43
|मेषकुक्कुटलावकयुद्धविधिः ॥ Mesha kukkutalavaka yuddhavidhi (Setting game rams, cocks, quails to fight as sport)
|<nowiki>चर्मणां मार्दवादिक्रियाज्ञानम् || Charmanam mardavadi krya jnana (Softening of leathers)</nowiki>
|-
|44
|शुकसारिकाप्रलापनम् ॥ Shuka sarika pralapana (teaching parrots and other birds to imitate human speech)
|<nowiki>पशुचर्माङ्गनिर्हारक्रियाज्ञानम् || Pashucharmanganirhara krya jnana (Flaying of skins from the bodies of the beasts)</nowiki>
|-
|45
|उत्सादनम् ॥ Utsadana (Making an enemy quit his place by means of a charm)
|<nowiki>दुग्धदोहादिविज्ञानम् || Dugdhadohadi vijnana (Milking)</nowiki>
|-
|46
|केशमार्जनकौशलम् ॥ Keshamarjana kaushala (Cleaning and dressing the hair)
|<nowiki>घृतान्तम् || Grtanta (Churning)</nowiki>
|-
|47
|अक्षरमुष्टिकाकथनम् ॥ Aksharamushtika kathana (Reading letters removed from one's sight and divining the nature of substances held within one's palm)
|<nowiki>सीवने कञ्चुकादीनां विज्ञानम् || Seevane Kanchukadinam Vijnana (Sewing of covers)</nowiki>
|-
|48
|म्लेच्छितकविकल्पाः ॥ Mlecchitaka vikalpa (Knowledge of books written in the language of Barbarians)
|<nowiki>बाह्वादिभिः जले तरणम् || Bahvadibhih jale tarana (Swimming)</nowiki>
|-
|49
|देशभाषाज्ञानम् ॥ Deshabhasha jnana (Fluently talking in the different Bharat's dialects)
|<nowiki>मार्जने गृहभाण्डादेः विज्ञानम् || Marjane Grhabhandadeh Vijnana (Cleansing of domestic utensils)</nowiki>
|-
|50
|पुष्पशकटिकानिमित्तज्ञानम् ॥ Pushpashakatika nimitta jnana (Decoration of vehicles with flowers and Reading good or bad omens)
|<nowiki>वस्त्रसम्मार्जनम् || Vastrasammarjana (Cleaning of clothes)</nowiki>
|-
|51
|यन्त्रमातृका ॥ Yantramatrka (Making diagrams by means of letters arranged in different orders as mystical formulae to be worshipped or worn as an amulet)
|<nowiki>क्षुरकर्म || Kshurakarma (Shaving)</nowiki>
|-
|52
|धारणमातृका ॥ Dharanamatrka (Remembering heard sentences)
|<nowiki>तिलमांसादिस्नेहानां निष्कासने कृतिः || Tilamamsadisnehanam nishkasane krti ((Extraction of oil from seeds and fats from flesh)</nowiki>
|-
|53
|सम्पाट्यम् ॥ Sampatya (Splitting hard substances such as diamonds into two or more pieces of different shapes)
|<nowiki>सीराद्याकर्षणे ज्ञानम् || Seeradyakarshane jnana (Drawing of ploughs)</nowiki>
|-
|54
|मानसीकाव्यक्रिया ॥ Manasikavya kriya (Reading the thoughts of others and bringing them out in a verse)
|<nowiki>वृक्षाद्यारोहणे कला || Vrkshadyarohane kala (Climbing of trees)</nowiki>
|-
|55
|क्रियाविकल्पाः ॥ Kriyavikalpa (Poetry forms)
|<nowiki>मनोऽनुकूलसेवायाः कृतिज्ञानम् || Manonukulasevayah krti jnana (Knowledge of pleasing in work)</nowiki>
|-
|56
|छलितकयोगाः ॥ Chalitayoga (Conceal body or speech)
|<nowiki>वेणुतृणादिपात्राणां कृतिज्ञानम् || Venutrnadipatranam krti jnana (Making of vessels with bamboo straws)</nowiki>
|-
|57
|अभिधानकोषच्छन्दोज्ञानम् ॥ Abhidhanakosh chanda jnana (lexicography and prosody)
|<nowiki>काचपात्रादिकरणविज्ञानम् || Kacapatradikarana vijnana (Making of glass vessels)</nowiki>
|-
|58
|वस्त्रगोपनानि ॥ Vastragopana (Showing off one's clothes as made of a superior texture than what they actually are)
|<nowiki>जलानां संसेचनं संहरणम् || Jalanam sansechanam saharana (Pumping and withdrawing water)</nowiki>
|-
|59
|द्यूतविशेषः ॥ Dyutavishesha (Playing at dice)
|<nowiki>लोहाभिसारशस्त्रास्त्रकृतिज्ञानम् || Lohabhisarashastrastra krti jnana (Preparation of tools and implements from iron)</nowiki>
|-
|60
|आकर्षणक्रीडा ॥ Akarshana kreeda (Attracting remote objects)
|<nowiki>गजाश्ववृषभोष्ट्राणां पल्याणादिक्रिया || Gajashvavrshbhoshtranam palyanadi krya (Preparation of saddles for horses, elephants, bulls and camels)</nowiki>
|-
|61
|बालकक्रीडनकानि ॥ Balaka kreedanaka (Playing childrens' games)
|<nowiki>शिशोः संरक्षणे धारणे क्रीडने ज्ञानम् || Shisho samrakshane dharane kreedane jnana (Maintenance, entertainment and nursing of children)</nowiki>
|-
|62
|वैनायिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vainaayiki vidya jnana (The Practice of charms)
|<nowiki>अपराधिजने मुयुक्ताताडनज्ञानम् || Aparadhijane muyuktatadana jnana (Punishment of offenders)</nowiki>
|-
|63
|वैजयिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaijayiki vidya jnana (Fore knowledge of the party going to win in a debate)
|<nowiki>नानादेशीयवर्णानां सुसम्यग् लेखने || Nanadeseeyavarnanam susamyag lekhane (Writing characters of various languages)</nowiki>
|-
|64
|वैतालिकीनां विद्यानां ज्ञानम् ॥ Vaitaliki vidya jnana (Keeping goblins and vampires under one's control)
|<nowiki>ताम्बूलरक्षादिकृतिविज्ञानम् || Tambularakshadi krti vijnana (Making and preservation of betels)</nowiki>
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>The शब्दकल्पद्रुमः ॥ Shabdakalpadruma mentions प्रतिमाला ॥ Pratimala (Capping verses) instead of प्रतिमा ॥ Pratima (Sculpture)
== वंशागत कला॥ Traditional Arts ==
== वंशागत कला॥ Traditional Arts ==