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Sharada Rutu/ Rtu is one of the 6 seasons of the Hindu calendar year. Ashvina and Karthika masas/months comprise of this season. It is the period of the year that coincides with october heat period. Therefore the diet, lifestyle regime, do's and dont's for this season are peculiar and are described under Sharada rutucharya.  

Sharada Rutu/ Rtu (शरद ऋतुः) is one of the 6 seasons of the Hindu calendar year. Ashvina (अश्विन) and Karthika (कार्तिक) masas (मासाः months) comprise of this season. It is the period of the year that coincides with October heat period. Therefore the diet, lifestyle regime, do's and dont's for this season are peculiar and are described under Sharada [[rutucharya (ऋतुचर्या)]].  

== शरदमासाः॥ Months of Hindu calendar for Sharada rtu ==

== शरदमासाः॥ Months of Hindu calendar for Sharada rtu ==

== अव्यापन्नशरदऋतुलक्षणानि॥ Characteristics of Sharada Rtu ==

== अव्यापन्नशरदऋतुलक्षणानि॥ Characteristics of Sharada Rtu ==

[[Pravrta Rtu (प्रावृट ऋतु)|Varsha/Pravrt]] , Sharada and Hemanta Rutu are the seasons of Dakshinayana i.e. Southern solstice. It is the period when the sun is away from the earth and thus the sun rays reaching the earth are mild. The heat is low. Moon's cooling effect is dominant resulting in colder climate. The sky is cloudy, climate is windy and rain showers are frequent.  Rainwater diminishes the heating effect prevalent in nature. Owing to this dryness reduced, dampness and moisture increases in not just climate but also in all the beings living in  the nature including plants, animals and humans bodies. The [[Rasa (रसः)|rasa]] that become predominant in the nature due to such weather conditions are Madhura (Sweet- [[Prthvi (पृथ्वी)|Prthvi]] + [[Jala (जलम्)|Jala]]), Amla (Sour-Teja + Prithvi) and Lavana (salty- jala+Teja). All these 3 rasas are said to be nourishing and strengthening. Therefore, this period is called Visarga kala or nourishing period.  <blockquote>वर्षाशरद्धेमन्तेषु तु दक्षिणाभिमुखेऽर्के कालमार्गमेघवातवर्षाभिहतप्रतापे, शशिनि चाव्याहतबले, माहेन्द्रसलिलप्रशान्तसन्तापे जगति, अरूक्षा रसाः प्रवर्धन्तेऽम्ललवणमधुरा यथाक्रमं तत्र बलमुपचीयते नृणामिति||७|| (Char. Samh. Su. 6.7)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 7)</ref></blockquote>

[[Pravrta Rtu (प्रावृट ऋतु)|Varsha/Pravrt (प्रावृट)]] , Sharada (शरद) and Hemanta Rtu (हेमंत ऋतुः) are the seasons of Dakshinayana (दक्षिणायनम्) i.e. Southern solstice. It is the period when the sun is away from the earth and thus the sun rays reaching the earth are mild. The heat is low. Moon's cooling effect is dominant resulting in colder climate. The sky is cloudy, climate is windy and rain showers are frequent.  Rainwater diminishes the heating effect prevalent in nature. Owing to this dryness reduced, dampness and moisture increases in not just climate but also in all the beings living in  the nature including plants, animals and humans bodies. The [[Rasa (रसः)|rasa]] that become predominant in the nature due to such weather conditions are Madhura (मधुरः Sweet- [[Prthvi (पृथ्वी)|Prthvi पृथ्विः]] + [[Jala (जलम्)|Jala जलम्]]), Amla (अम्लः Sour-Teja तेजः + [[Prthvi (पृथ्वी)|Prthvi पृथ्विः]]) and Lavana (लवणः salty- [[Jala (जलम्)|jala]] जलम्+Teja तेजः). All these 3 rasas are said to be nourishing and strengthening. Therefore, this period is called Visarga (विसर्गः) kala or nourishing period.  <blockquote>वर्षाशरद्धेमन्तेषु तु दक्षिणाभिमुखेऽर्के कालमार्गमेघवातवर्षाभिहतप्रतापे, शशिनि चाव्याहतबले, माहेन्द्रसलिलप्रशान्तसन्तापे जगति, अरूक्षा रसाः प्रवर्धन्तेऽम्ललवणमधुरा यथाक्रमं तत्र बलमुपचीयते नृणामिति||७|| (Char. Samh. Su. 6.7)<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 7)</ref></blockquote>

Among the 3 seasons of Visarga kala or Dakshinayana, Sharada is second in the sequence which comes after [[Pravrta Rtu (प्रावृट ऋतु)|Pravrt or Varsha rutu]] or Rainy season. The specific events in nature in this season and their effects on body have been deeply studied by Ayurveda scholars and described as,<blockquote>

Among the 3 seasons of Visarga kala or Dakshinayana, Sharada is second in the sequence which comes after [[Pravrta Rtu (प्रावृट ऋतु)|Pravrt or Varsha rutu]] or Rainy season. The specific events in nature in this season and their effects on body have been deeply studied by Ayurveda scholars and described as,<blockquote>

वर्षाशीतोचिताङ्गानां सहसैवार्करश्मिभिः| ....||४१|| (Char. Samh. 6.41)<ref name=":1">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 41-48)</ref>

वर्षाशीतोचिताङ्गानां सहसैवार्करश्मिभिः| ....||४१|| (Char. Samh. 6.41)<ref name=":1">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 41-48)</ref>

Meaning: The human body which has become used to the cold climate of rainy season suddenly receives sharp sun rays in Sharada rutu..</blockquote>

Meaning: The human body which has become used to the cold climate of rainy season suddenly receives sharp sun rays in Sharada rutu..</blockquote>

Thus, the sharp sun rays and resultant increased heat in the environment is expected in the Sharda rutu. This season is popularly known as October heat.  

Thus, the sharp sun rays and resultant increased heat in the environment is expected in the Sharda rtu. This season is popularly known as October heat.  

== शरदि अग्निदोषादीनां गतिः॥ The status of bio-energies in body in Sharada ==

== शरदि अग्निदोषादीनां गतिः॥ The status of bio-energies in body in Sharada ==

These climatic changes in Sharada rutu affect the elemental balance in Human body or [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|Sharira.]] These directly affect the levels of 3 [[Doshas (दोषाः)|doshas]] which are the 3 controlling forces in body. The changes in dosaha leevls in Sharada rutu have been discussed by Ayurveda scholars as below, <blockquote>

These climatic changes in Sharada rtu affect the elemental balance in Human body or [[Sharira (शरीरम्)|Sharira (शरीरम्).]] These directly affect the levels of 3 [[doshas (दोषाः)]] which are the 3 controlling forces in body. The changes in dosaha levels in Sharada rutu have been discussed by Ayurveda scholars as below, <blockquote>

वर्षाशीतोचिताङ्गानां सहसैवार्करश्मिभिः| तप्तानामाचितं पित्तं प्रायः शरदि कुप्यति||४१|| (Char. Samh. 6.41)<ref name=":1" />

वर्षाशीतोचिताङ्गानां सहसैवार्करश्मिभिः| तप्तानामाचितं पित्तं प्रायः शरदि कुप्यति||४१|| (Char. Samh. 6.41)<ref name=":1" />

 

Meaning: The pitta accumulated in body in varsha rutu get vitiated due to the sharp sun rays of Sharada and causes Pitta aggravation. </blockquote>Along with the pitta (पित्त दोषः), kapha dosha (कफ दोषः) also vitiates to some extent but lesser than pitta. Therefore Pitta and Kapha doshas get aggravated or vitiated in Sharada rutu and lead to multiple health problems arising from these 2 if the Sharada rutucharya is not followed properly. The [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni (अग्निः)]] is neither weak nor strong. Strength is also moderate in this period.  

Meaning: The pitta accumulated in body in varsha rutu get vitiated due to the sharp sun rays of Sharada and causes Pitta aggravation. </blockquote>Along with the pitta, kapha dosha also vitiates to some extent but lesser than pitta. Therefore Pitta and Kapha doshas get aggravated or vitiated in Sharada rutu and lead to multiple health problems arising from these 2 if the Sharada rutucharya is not followed properly. The [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|agni]] is neither weak nor strong. Strength is also moderate in this period.  

In short the status of body elements is as follows as per Ayurveda,

In short the status of body elements is as follows as per Ayurveda,

|-

|-

|1

|1

|Doshas

|[[Doshas (दोषाः)|Doshas]]

|Pitta along with kapha aggravated/vitiated

|Pitta along with kapha aggravated/vitiated

|-

|-

|2

|2

|Agni

|[[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|Agni]]

|moderate  

|moderate  

|-

|-

|3

|3

|Dhatus

|[[Dhatus (धातवः)|Dhatus]]

|moderate strength.  

|moderate strength.  

The [[Rakta Dhatu (रक्त धातु)|rakta dhatu]] is vitiated naturally in this season.

The [[Rakta Dhatu (रक्त धातु)|rakta dhatu (रक्त धातुः)]] is vitiated naturally in this season.

|}

|}

== शरद ऋतुचर्याविधानम्॥ Rtucharya for Sharada ==

== शरद ऋतुचर्याविधानम्॥ Rtucharya for Sharada ==

Pitta aggravated in Sharada should be controlled by following a specific diet and lifestyle regime which is known as Sharada Rutucharya. The do's and dont's under this regimen are as follows,<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 41-48)</ref><ref name=":2">Ashtnaga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 49-55)</ref>

Pitta aggravated in Sharada should be controlled by following a specific diet and lifestyle regime which is known as Sharada Rtucharya. The do's and dont's under this regimen are as follows,<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 41-48)</ref><ref name=":2">Ashtnaga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 49-55)</ref>

=== शरदि पथ्यानि ॥ What should be strictly avoided in Sharada rtu? ===

=== शरदि पथ्यानि ॥ What should be strictly avoided in Sharada rtu? ===

=== शरदि अपथ्यानि॥ What should be followed in Sharada rtu? ===

=== शरदि अपथ्यानि॥ What should be followed in Sharada rtu? ===

# Foods that are sweet or bitter in taste, cooling in nature and light on digestion should be consumed to remain fit. Also these should be consumed in moderate quantity. These foods can then pacify vitiated ''Pitta''.  

# Foods that are sweet or bitter in taste, cooling in nature and light on digestion should be consumed to remain fit. Also these should be consumed in moderate quantity. These foods can then pacify vitiated ''Pitta''.  

# Wheat, green gram, sugar candy, honey, in nonvegetarian food- flesh of animals having habitat in dry land (''Jangala Mamsa'') can be consumed.

# Wheat, green gram, sugar candy, honey, in nonvegetarian food- flesh of animals having habitat in dry land (Jangala Mamsa- जाङ्गल मांसम्) can be consumed.

# It is recommended to observe the natural urge for food and eat only after having the natural desire for food.

# It is recommended to observe the natural urge for food and eat only after having the natural desire for food.

# It is also recommended to take water purified by the rays of sun in day time and rays of moon at night time for drinking, bathing, etc.  

# It is also recommended to take water purified by the rays of sun in day time and rays of moon at night time for drinking, bathing, etc.  

# Use of fresh, cooling flowers in surrounding, use of cooling fragrances like Sandalwood can be made as scents and also for local application on body.  

# Use of fresh, cooling flowers in surrounding, use of cooling fragrances like Sandalwood can be made as scents and also for local application on body.  

# It is said that moon rays in night are conducive for health. Thus one can deliberately take a walk in the night to immerse oneself into these cool rays of moon.  On this ground various rituals wherein staying awake late nights is expected are followed like Kojagiri pournima.

# It is said that moon rays in night are conducive for health. Thus one can deliberately take a walk in the night to immerse oneself into these cool rays of moon.  On this ground various rituals wherein staying awake late nights is expected are followed like Kojagiri pournima (कोजागिरी पौर्णिमा).

# Increasing the amount of ghee in your food is recommended which helps to keep check on further pitta aggravation.

# Increasing the amount of ghee in your food is recommended which helps to keep check on further pitta aggravation.

=== शरदि जलम्॥ Rain water in Sharada ===

=== शरदि जलम्॥ Rain water in Sharada ===

The rain water from the rains in sharada rutu has different properties than that from Pravrt rutu. The rain water in sharada rutu is easily digestible (doesn't give any gastric trouble), doesn't increase kleda (diseases causing water element in body). Therefore it is potable and can be used for drinking and food preparation of even those with weaker immune system.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 27 Sutra 204)</ref>  

The rain water from the rains in sharada rutu has different properties than that from Pravrt rutu. The rain water in sharada rutu is easily digestible (doesn't give any gastric trouble), doesn't increase kleda (क्लेदः । diseases causing water element in body). Therefore it is potable and can be used for drinking and food preparation of even those with weaker immune system.<ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 27 Sutra 204)</ref>  

=== हंसोदकम्॥ Hamsodaka ===

=== हंसोदकम्॥ Hamsodaka ===

Hamsodaka is the unique concept related to water in Sharada rutu. This water is said to have such properties owing to which it is called as elixir. <blockquote>दिवा सूर्यांशुसन्तप्तं निशि चन्द्रांशुशीतलम्| कालेन पक्वं निर्दोषमगस्त्येनाविषीकृतम्||४६||

Hamsodaka is the unique concept related to water in Sharada rtu. This water is said to have such properties owing to which it is called as elixir. <blockquote>दिवा सूर्यांशुसन्तप्तं निशि चन्द्रांशुशीतलम्| कालेन पक्वं निर्दोषमगस्त्येनाविषीकृतम्||४६||

हंसोदकमिति ख्यातं शारदं विमलं शुचि| स्नानपानावगाहेषु हितमम्बु यथाऽमृतम्  ||४७|| (Char. Samh. Su. 6.46-47)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>

हंसोदकमिति ख्यातं शारदं विमलं शुचि| स्नानपानावगाहेषु हितमम्बु यथाऽमृतम्  ||४७|| (Char. Samh. Su. 6.46-47)<ref name=":1" /></blockquote>

In rainy season, water flowing from river and in many reservoirs become very polluted and inappropriate to drink. Thus it is best avoided. In the Sharada rutu, nature changes, sunlight becomes abundant during day time and at night the moon light is also plenty. In such conditions when Agastya constellation appears in the sky it is believed to impart such an effect on water that it it becomes clear, free from pollution and toxins. The water naturally processed through these environmental events becomes clear, potable and safe to drink. Such water is called as Hamsodaka. Hamsodaka is said to be fit for consumption and use for bathing, cleaning purposes.   

In rainy season, water flowing from river and in many reservoirs become very polluted and inappropriate to drink. Thus it is best avoided. In the Sharada rutu, nature changes, sunlight becomes abundant during day time and at night the moon light is also plenty. In such conditions when Agastya constellation (अगस्ति नक्षत्रम्) appears in the sky it is believed to impart such an effect on water that it it becomes clear, free from pollution and toxins. The water naturally processed through these environmental events becomes clear, potable and safe to drink. Such water is called as Hamsodaka. Hamsodaka is said to be fit for consumption and use for bathing, cleaning purposes.   

== Festivals that appear in Sharada Rtu and guide on useful regime ==

== Festivals that appear in Sharada Rtu and guide on useful regime ==

=== नवरात्री ॥ Navaratri ===

=== नवरात्री ॥ Navaratri ===

Marks the beginning of Sharada rtu. The 9 days are celebrated with exuberance starting from Ashvin Shukla Paksha (the waxing phase of moon) pratipada (first day of Ashvin masa) to navami (9th day). During this time, devotees worship the nine different forms of Goddess Shakti. Throughout the period of 9 days, Devi is worshipped with utmost devotion and exuberance. Most of the devotees observe fasting either complete abstinence from food or by eating once in a day or by following a specific diet. The customs like playing dandiya or garba which is a very popular and widely practiced cultural event. These forms of dance are usually practiced in the night or after the sunset. Some cultures perform the puja or worship the devi throughout the night which is known as Jagarata or Jagaranam. All such customs have some roots in the Health science of ancient India.  

Marks the beginning of Sharada rtu. The 9 days are celebrated with exuberance starting from Ashvin Shukla Paksha (अश्विन शुक्ल पक्षम् । the waxing phase of moon) pratipada (प्रतिपदा । first day of Ashvin masa) to navami (नवमी । 9th day). During this time, devotees worship the nine different forms of Goddess Shakti. Throughout the period of 9 days, Devi is worshipped with utmost devotion and exuberance. Most of the devotees observe fasting either complete abstinence from food or by eating once in a day or by following a specific diet. The customs like playing dandiya or garba which is a very popular and widely practiced cultural event. These forms of dance are usually practiced in the night or after the sunset. Some cultures perform the puja or worship the devi throughout the night which is known as Jagarata or Jagaranam (जागरणम्). All such customs have some roots in the Health science of ancient India.  

==== Fasting and its significance as per Ayurveda ====

==== Fasting and its significance as per Ayurveda ====

=== शरद पौर्णिमा / कोजागिरी पौर्णिमा॥ Sharada purnima / Kojaagiri pournimi ===

=== शरद पौर्णिमा / कोजागिरी पौर्णिमा॥ Sharada purnima / Kojaagiri pournimi ===

Sharat / Sharad Purnima is celebrated on the full moon day of the lunar month of Ashwin masa of Sharada Rtu. This event is celebrated as the harvest festival and signifies the end of Monsoon Season. It is also known as 'Kaumudi purnima', ‘Kumara Purnima’ or ‘Kojaagari Purnima’ and is celebrated with immense zeal and cheerfulness all across India. According to the ancient Bharatiya shastras, moon rays on the night of Sharad Purnima possess several healing or curative properties. Its a full moon day and being the ruler of mind and emotions, the full moon’s brightness is believed to bring joy, pleasure, and calmness on this day. There are certain traditions and there are also set of theories and logics from shastras that support these particular methods of celebrations which will be discussed henceforth.  

Sharat / Sharad Purnima is celebrated on the full moon day of the lunar month of Ashwin masa of Sharada Rtu. This event is celebrated as the harvest festival and signifies the end of Monsoon Season. It is also known as 'Kaumudi purnima' (कौमुदि पौर्णिमा), ‘Kumara Purnima’ (कुमार पौर्णिमा) or ‘Kojaagari Purnima’ (कोजागिरी पौर्णिमा) and is celebrated with immense zeal and cheerfulness all across India. According to the ancient Bharatiya shastras, moon rays on the night of Sharad Purnima possess several healing or curative properties. Its a full moon day and being the ruler of mind and emotions, the full moon’s brightness is believed to bring joy, pleasure, and calmness on this day. There are certain traditions and there are also set of theories and logics from shastras that support these particular methods of celebrations which will be discussed henceforth.  

==== Customs and traditions ====

==== Customs and traditions ====

==== Ancient theories behind rituals ====

==== Ancient theories behind rituals ====

It is believed that moon has 16 phases known as kalas in ancient Indian shastras. According to the lexicon, the term ''kalaa'' connotes a small part of any single part or portion of the whole. It also signifies a 16th part or 16th digit of the moon’s diameter and thus turns to be a symbol of part of the whole. While, the term 16 kalaas or digits connote “the sense of fullness , completeness, as the moon with 16 kalaas is representative of full completion and at the same time its 16 digits ranging from the no form to the form of fullness represent the totality in fullness of the circumference which bears similarity with the cosmos”. <ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/what-are-the-16-kalas-of-lord-krishna-things-you-need-to-know-on-janmashatami-2022/articleshow/93642598.cms</ref><ref>https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/sunday-edition/lord-with-16-kalaas.html</ref> Sharad Purnima is the only day in the year when the moon is full of its 16 kalas (phases). Therefore it is the only day in the year which actually is a full moon day (with all 16 phases). So on this night, the moon is believed to throw its beams showering elixir (amrit) on Earth, giving health, love and prosperity to people. The moon’s rays on that night contain healing properties that are beneficial for the body and soul.  

It is believed that moon has 16 phases known as kalas in ancient Indian shastras. According to the lexicon, the term ''kalaa'' connotes a small part of any single part or portion of the whole. It also signifies a 16th part or 16th digit of the moon’s diameter and thus turns to be a symbol of part of the whole. While, the term 16 kalaas (षोडशकला) or digits connote “the sense of fullness , completeness, as the moon with 16 kalaas is representative of full completion and at the same time its 16 digits ranging from the no form to the form of fullness represent the totality in fullness of the circumference which bears similarity with the cosmos”. <ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/religion/festivals/what-are-the-16-kalas-of-lord-krishna-things-you-need-to-know-on-janmashatami-2022/articleshow/93642598.cms</ref><ref>https://www.dailypioneer.com/2015/sunday-edition/lord-with-16-kalaas.html</ref> Sharad Purnima is the only day in the year when the moon is full of its 16 kalas (phases). Therefore it is the only day in the year which actually is a full moon day (with all 16 phases). So on this night, the moon is believed to throw its beams showering elixir (amrit) on Earth, giving health, love and prosperity to people. The moon’s rays on that night contain healing properties that are beneficial for the body and soul.  

Hinduism believes that kala is a part of the human personality. More number of kalas in a human indicates that the person will have more qualities. If a person has 16 kalas, that creates a perfect person. Only Lord Krishna — the Hindu God — is considered to have all the 16 kalas.<ref>https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/sharad-purnima-2020-date-and-time-of-the-festival-to-worship-lord-chandra-3019982.html</ref> Therefore Krishna, this incarnation of lord Vishnu having all 16 kalas denotes that “being nearer to the completeness in every aspect of human periphery, he represents the avatara of superlative degree, a complete avatara of the almighty possessing 16 ''kalaas'' in the form of absolute spirit endowed with which he could manifest varied forms of his virtuous excellences”. While the concept of ''Kalaavatara'' in its basic concept represents the degree of power he possesses and which in turn symbolises the powers of the moon who too is held as super power incarnate.   

Hinduism believes that kala is a part of the human personality. More number of kalas in a human indicates that the person will have more qualities. If a person has 16 kalas (षोडशकला), that creates a perfect person. Only Lord Krishna — the Hindu God — is considered to have all the 16 kalas (षोडशकला).<ref>https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/sharad-purnima-2020-date-and-time-of-the-festival-to-worship-lord-chandra-3019982.html</ref> Therefore Krishna, this incarnation of lord Vishnu having all 16 kalas denotes that “being nearer to the completeness in every aspect of human periphery, he represents the avatara of superlative degree, a complete avatara of the almighty possessing 16 ''kalaas'' in the form of absolute spirit endowed with which he could manifest varied forms of his virtuous excellences”. While the concept of ''Kalaavatara'' in its basic concept represents the degree of power he possesses and which in turn symbolises the powers of the moon who too is held as super power incarnate.   

Sharada or the entire dakshinayana actually is the time of feminine marked by the growth of crops, blossoming of flowers indicating recreation or regeneration (thus also known as harvest season or festival), the power of feminine or devi. As per a legend, it is believed that on this full moon night, Goddess Lakshmi descends on Earth to watch the actions of human beings. She is believed to move around the orbit in the night sky asking Ko jaagarti? (Who is awake?), and to those who are awake, she gifts wealth and prosperity. That is why this night is also called ‘Kojagiri Purnima’. And to receive the grace of Devi or Devine goddess people stay awake.<ref>Bhavan’s Journal, 31 October 2021 issue.,[https://www.esamskriti.com/e/Culture/Festivals/About-Sharad-PURNIMA-1.aspx Bhavan’s Journal, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai]</ref>

Sharada or the entire dakshinayana actually is the time of feminine marked by the growth of crops, blossoming of flowers indicating recreation or regeneration (thus also known as harvest season or festival), the power of feminine or devi. As per a legend, it is believed that on this full moon night, Goddess Lakshmi descends on Earth to watch the actions of human beings. She is believed to move around the orbit in the night sky asking Ko jaagarti? (को जागर्ति? Who is awake?), and to those who are awake, she gifts wealth and prosperity. That is why this night is also called ‘Kojagiri Purnima’. And to receive the grace of Devi or Devine goddess people stay awake.<ref>Bhavan’s Journal, 31 October 2021 issue.,[https://www.esamskriti.com/e/Culture/Festivals/About-Sharad-PURNIMA-1.aspx Bhavan’s Journal, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai]</ref>

==== Ayurveda's wisdom ====

==== Ayurveda's wisdom ====

Ayurveda acharyas have praised the the properties of moonrays in the Sharada rtu. They state that, staying in the moonlight at night  or specifically during pradosha period is beneficial for preserving and promoting health in this season.  <blockquote>शरत्काले प्रशस्यन्ते प्रदोषे चेन्दुरश्मयः||४८|| (Char. Sam. 6.41-48) <ref name=":1" />  

 

Ayurveda acharyas have praised the the properties of moon rays in the Sharada rtu. They state that, staying in the moonlight at night  or specifically during pradosha period is beneficial for preserving and promoting health in this season.  <blockquote>शरत्काले प्रशस्यन्ते प्रदोषे चेन्दुरश्मयः||४८|| (Char. Sam. 6.41-48) <ref name=":1" />  

प्रदोषे कौमुदीभजनं विधत्ते-चन्दनोशीरकर्पूरमुक्तास्रग्वसनोज्ज्वलः||५३|| सौधेषु सौधधवलां चन्दिकां रजनीमुखे| -------------------------------------------|५४| (Asht. Hrud. 3.49-55) <ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Thus one should get deliberately exposed to these healing moonrays on the night of Sharada purnima.  

प्रदोषे कौमुदीभजनं विधत्ते-चन्दनोशीरकर्पूरमुक्तास्रग्वसनोज्ज्वलः||५३|| सौधेषु सौधधवलां चन्दिकां रजनीमुखे| -------------------------------------------|५४| (Asht. Hrud. 3.49-55) <ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Thus one should get deliberately exposed to these healing moon rays on the night of Sharada purnima.  

==== Significance of the Prasadam ====

===== Significance of the Prasadam =====

Masala milk (sweetened milk mixed with dry nuts) or Rice kheer (a sweet dish made of milk, sugar, &/ rice) is prepared at homes and temples. All the contents of the delicacy are coolants, sweet in [[Rasa (रसः)|rasa]] (taste), unctuous (hydrating and strengthening) in [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna]]. All the contents are known to be Pitta pacifying.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 21-23)</ref> <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 50)</ref> Thus the entire preparation acts as a cooling tonic and an ideal pitta pacifier necessary to reduce the naturally aggravated body heat in this season.   

Masala milk (sweetened milk mixed with dry nuts) or Rice kheer (a sweet dish made of milk, sugar, &/ rice) is prepared at homes and temples. All the contents of the delicacy are coolants, sweet in [[Rasa (रसः)|rasa]] (मधुर रसः taste), unctuous (स्निग्धम् hydrating and strengthening) in [[Gunas or Qualities : An Ayurvedic perspective (आयुर्वेदे गुणाः)|guna (गुणः)]]. All the contents are known to be Pitta pacifying.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 21-23)</ref> <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 50)</ref> Thus the entire preparation acts as a cooling tonic and an ideal pitta pacifier necessary to reduce the naturally aggravated body heat in this season.   

==== Jagaranam ====

===== Jagaranam =====

On the occasion of Sharda purnima as a part of tradition and celebration, people stay awake late night. The idea routine or [[Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)|Dinacharya]] described in Ayurveda does not allow one to stay awake late night which is called as Jagaranam. In Ayurveda treatises it is clearly mentioned that if jagaranam is done it causes aggravation of Vata and Pitta doshas in body. They specifically increase excessive dryness in the body.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyayam 7 Sutram 55)</ref> These aggravated doshas can cause multiple ailments, degenerative and inflammatory changes in body. Thus to nullify this effect of vitiated vata and pitta due to jagaranam the sweetened milk preparation is very much beneficial. Thus the prasadam offered on the night of Sharada purnima is a remedy and a healing potion in itself.     

On the occasion of Sharda purnima as a part of tradition and celebration, people stay awake late night. The idea routine or [[Dinacharya (दिनचर्या)|Dinacharya]] described in Ayurveda does not allow one to stay awake late night which is called as Jagaranam. In Ayurveda treatises it is clearly mentioned that if jagaranam is done it causes aggravation of Vata and Pitta doshas in body. They specifically increase excessive dryness in the body.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyayam 7 Sutram 55)</ref> These aggravated doshas can cause multiple ailments, degenerative and inflammatory changes in body. Thus to nullify this effect of vitiated vata and pitta due to jagaranam the sweetened milk preparation is very much beneficial. Thus the prasadam offered on the night of Sharada purnima is a remedy and a healing potion in itself.     

=== विजयादशमी ॥ Vijayadashami / Dashehara / Dussera ===

=== विजयादशमी ॥ Vijayadashami / Dashehara / Dussera ===

Vijayadashami is also popularly known as ‘Dussera’ and is one of the prime Hindu festivals celebrated with lot of joy and zeal. This day commemorates the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana, the demon King. Therefore Vijayadashami is celebrated as a symbol of victory of good over evil. It is celebrated on the ‘Dashami’ (10th day) of the ‘Ashwin’ lunar month as per the traditional Hindu calendar. On this day, the Pandavas ended long years of their humiliating exile and incognito; the friendless brothers found an ally in Virata and celebrated it with the bonding of young Abhimanyu and Uttara. This day also culminates the grand Sharada Navratri celebrations in many parts of the country. It was on this day the Goddess Durga mata destroyed horde of evil forces, restored light and hope in the hearts of the virtuous. It is a day of victory and rejoices.<ref name=":3">[https://sreenivasaraos.com/2012/09/20/sharad-ritu-season-of-tender-beauty-grace-and-celebrations-2/ Sharad Ritu] – season of tender beauty, grace and celebrations </ref> It is one of the most auspicious days in Hindu calendar.  

Vijayadashami is also popularly known as ‘Dussera’ and is one of the prime Hindu festivals celebrated with lot of joy and zeal. This day commemorates the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana, the demon King. Therefore Vijayadashami is celebrated as a symbol of victory of good over evil. It is celebrated on the ‘Dashami’ (दशमी । 10th day) of the ‘Ashwin’ lunar month as per the traditional Hindu calendar. On this day, the Pandavas ended long years of their humiliating exile and incognito; the friendless brothers found an ally in Virata and celebrated it with the bonding of young Abhimanyu and Uttara. This day also culminates the grand Sharada Navratri celebrations in many parts of the country. It was on this day the Goddess Durga mata destroyed horde of evil forces, restored light and hope in the hearts of the virtuous. It is a day of victory and rejoices.<ref name=":3">[https://sreenivasaraos.com/2012/09/20/sharad-ritu-season-of-tender-beauty-grace-and-celebrations-2/ Sharad Ritu] – season of tender beauty, grace and celebrations </ref> It is one of the most auspicious days in Hindu calendar.  

==== Traditions ====

==== Traditions ====

The exchange of Apta Leaves or Green Gold on Dussehra has deep significance in some parts of country. This ritual is about expressing happiness and respect. The day is considered to be extremely auspicious. There are two trees associated with the festival of Dussehra; Shami, and Ashmantaka. It is said that, one should worship these 2 trees and do seemolanghana (crossing the boarder) on the evening of Vijayadashami. Both these are medicinal trees and used to treat a variety of ailments in Ayurveda. There are certain legends as to why specifically these 2 trees are worshipped and why the tree of Shami is considered auspicious.  

The exchange of Apta (आपटा) Leaves or Green Gold on Dussehra has deep significance in some parts of country. This ritual is about expressing happiness and respect. The day is considered to be extremely auspicious. There are two trees associated with the festival of Dussehra; Shami (शमी), and Ashmantaka (अश्मंतकः). It is said that, one should worship these 2 trees and do seemolanghana (सीमोल्लंघनम् । crossing the boarder) on the evening of Vijayadashami. Both these are medicinal trees and used to treat a variety of ailments in Ayurveda. There are certain legends as to why specifically these 2 trees are worshipped and why the tree of Shami is considered auspicious.  

==== Shami tree ====

==== Shami tree ====

The curiosity arises why or why only the Sharada rutu is included in blessing or expressing desire for one's long life. One can find a decent explaination if Ayurveda texts and specifically their understanding of rtu and their effects on one's health is studied. In the cycle of 6 rtus, Sharada appears after the Varsha rtu. The heavy rains of Varsha rtu come to an end and after withdrawal of monsoon the sky becomes clear and the temperature begins to rise again. Due to the evaporation of water accumulated on land, humidity increases to great extend along with temperature. This is popularly referred to as October heat in India. As per Ayurveda, Pitta dosha accumulated in bodies in rainy season gets aggravated due to heat in this season. Along with pitta, kapha dosha also aggravates to some extent. Both these doshas together disturb the status of agni in the body. This leads to number of digestive disturbances and cause fever, dysentery, vomiting, diarrhea and multiple [[Rakta Dhatu (रक्त धातु)|rakta dhatu]] related disorders etc. The illnesses develops in so many people that it might appear like a pandemic. Therefore the rtu of Sharada is also called as mother [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidyas]] (Medical practitioners)<blockquote>वैद्यानां शारदी माता पिता च कुसुमाकर: । यमदंष्ट्रा स्वसा प्रोक्ता हितभुक् मितभुक् रिपु: ॥ </blockquote>Thus person who can survive healthily through this Rtu, crosses this season effortlessly is considered as a Healthy person.

The curiosity arises why or why only the Sharada rutu is included in blessing or expressing desire for one's long life. One can find a decent explaination if Ayurveda texts and specifically their understanding of rtu and their effects on one's health is studied. In the cycle of 6 rtus, Sharada appears after the Varsha rtu. The heavy rains of Varsha rtu come to an end and after withdrawal of monsoon the sky becomes clear and the temperature begins to rise again. Due to the evaporation of water accumulated on land, humidity increases to great extend along with temperature. This is popularly referred to as October heat in India. As per Ayurveda, Pitta dosha accumulated in bodies in rainy season gets aggravated due to heat in this season. Along with pitta, kapha dosha also aggravates to some extent. Both these doshas together disturb the status of agni in the body. This leads to number of digestive disturbances and cause fever, dysentery, vomiting, diarrhea and multiple [[Rakta Dhatu (रक्त धातु)|rakta dhatu]] related disorders etc. The illnesses develops in so many people that it might appear like a pandemic. Therefore the rtu of Sharada is also called as mother [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidyas]] (Medical practitioners)<blockquote>वैद्यानां शारदी माता पिता च कुसुमाकर: । यमदंष्ट्रा स्वसा प्रोक्ता हितभुक् मितभुक् रिपु: ॥ </blockquote>Thus person who can survive healthily through this Rtu, crosses this season effortlessly is considered as a Healthy person.

Although, Chaitra Month is the very first month of Hindu Calendar Year, here Sharad Ritu (Ashwin and Kartik) attracts the attention because of its importance in Health of people. This way Sharad Rtu plays a vital role in one’s life. Therefore “Jeevem Sharad: Shatam” has been said and Sharad Ritu has secured its place in the chants. <ref>What is “[https://shatayuayurveda.home.blog/2019/06/15/what-is-jeevet-sharada-shatam-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4/ Jeevet Sharada Shatam” (जीवेत शरदः शतम् ।।)] </ref>

Although, Chaitra Month is the very first month of Hindu Calendar Year, here Sharad Ritu (Ashwin and Kartik) attracts the attention because of its importance in Health of people. This way Sharad Rtu plays a vital role in one’s life. Therefore “Jeevem Sharad Shatam” has been said and Sharad Ritu has secured its place in the chants. <ref>What is “[https://shatayuayurveda.home.blog/2019/06/15/what-is-jeevet-sharada-shatam-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A5%A4%E0%A5%A4/ Jeevet Sharada Shatam” (जीवेत शरदः शतम् ।।)] </ref>

'''यमदंष्ट्रा ॥ Yamadanshtra'''

'''यमदंष्ट्रा ॥ Yamadanshtra'''

'Yama' is God of death and 'damshtra' means his tooth. It's applied meaning is the period of increased mortality.<ref>Sharangadhar Purva khanda 2/30</ref> Yamadanshtra period is the period of total 16 days in which first 8 days of Margashirsha month and last 8 days of Kartika month are included. It is believed that this period s the period of having highest mortality. Therefore As per Ayurveda, this period is of significance since one has to put in some efforts to stay healthy and alive in this period. It is advised to take little food during this period for healthy living otherwise it may be fatal. This period of comes in the Sharada Rtu and thus once again the importance of Sharada Rtu is highlighted. And hence since the ancient times, a person in Bharata was desirous of living 100 sharada and thus prays for the same or blesses someone in the same way.

'[[Yama Deva (यमदेवः)|Yama (यमः / यमदेवः)]]' is God of death and 'damshtra' (दंष्ट्रा) means his tooth. It's applied meaning is the period of increased mortality.<ref>Sharangadhar Purva khanda 2/30</ref> Yamadanshtra period is the period of total 16 days in which first 8 days of Margashirsha (मार्गशीर्ष) month and last 8 days of Kartika (कार्तिक) month are included. It is believed that this period s the period of having highest mortality. Therefore As per Ayurveda, this period is of significance since one has to put in some efforts to stay healthy and alive in this period. It is advised to take little food during this period for healthy living otherwise it may be fatal. This period of comes in the Sharada Rtu and thus once again the importance of Sharada Rtu is highlighted. And hence since the ancient times, a person in Bharata was desirous of living 100 sharada and thus prays for the same or blesses someone in the same way.

== References ==

== References ==

[[Category:Ayurveda]]

[[Category:Ayurveda]]