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Temples in Texts on Architecture (स्थापत्यशास्त्रेषु देवालयाः ) (view source)
Revision as of 12:24, 22 September 2022
, 12:24, 22 September 2022→Matsya Purana (मत्स्य पुराणम् )
=== Matsya Purana (मत्स्य पुराणम् ) ===
=== Matsya Purana (मत्स्य पुराणम् ) ===
The Matsya Purana is counted among the oldest Puranas and is chiefly a Vaishnava Purana. It contains the details regarding the construction of lakes, wells, gardens and temples (devamandira). According to this text, the temple plan has to be divided into 16 parts. Due consideration was to be given to the central four parts and the remaining 12 parts and the Prasada was conceptualized. In this text one finds details pertaining to the proportions of walls, sikhara, pradaksinapatha, mandapa, mukhamandapa and garbhagrha. Almost all Prasadas in general have these components. The proportions of these temple components are interrelated with each other. The Matsya Purana furnishes various names of Prasadas which are as follows- Meru (100 spires, four doors, 16 bhumis), Mandara (12 bhumis), Kailasa (9 bhumis), Kumbha (shaped like a kumbha, 9 bhumis), Simha (shape of a lion), Mriga, Vimana (many spires, 8 bhumis), Chhandaka (8 bhumis), Chaturastra, Astastra, Shodashastra, Vartula, Sarvabhadraka, Simhasya, Nandana, Nandivardhana (7 bhumis), Hamsa, Vrusha-fulfills all desires, Suvarnesha, Padmaka (3 bhumis), Samudgaka (5 amalakas, 16 sided , rear chandrashalas, 2 bhumis), Sarvatobhadra (16 sides , many spires , associated with chitrashalas, 5 bhumis), Gaja (shape of an elephant , many chandrashalas) Mrigaraja ( many spires, 6 bhumis), Garuda (Spread out towards the rear, three chandrashalas, 7 bhumis) and Shri Vrukshaka (similar to Padmaka).The text also describes the building of Temple Toranas which were to be constructed with stone, bricks or wood. Toranas were also used in the Buddhist and Jaina architecture as well as the gateways to cities. Heights of the different prasadas in hastas have been given in this particular text. The text also puts across the details of various mandapas of prasadas are given. Some of these mandapas are- Pushpaka, Pushpabhadra, Suvrata, Amruta Nandana, Kaushalya, Gajabhadra, Jayavaha, Shrivatsa, Vijaya, Shatrumardana, Sugriva, Harit, Shyamabhadra, Subhadra etc.
The Matsya Purana is counted among the oldest Puranas and is chiefly a Vaishnava Purana. It contains the details regarding the construction of lakes, wells, gardens and temples (devamandira). According to this text, the temple plan has to be divided into 16 parts. Due consideration was to be given to the central four parts and the remaining 12 parts and the Prasada was conceptualized. In this text one finds details pertaining to the proportions of walls, sikhara, pradaksinapatha, mandapa, mukhamandapa and garbhagrha. Almost all Prasadas in general have these components. The proportions of these temple components are interrelated with each other. The Matsya Purana furnishes various names of Prasadas which are as follows- Meru (100 spires, four doors, 16 bhumis), Mandara (12 bhumis), Kailasa (9 bhumis), Kumbha (shaped like a kumbha, 9 bhumis), Simha (shape of a lion), Mriga, Vimana (many spires, 8 bhumis), Chhandaka (8 bhumis), Chaturastra, Astastra, Shodashastra, Vartula, Sarvabhadraka, Simhasya, Nandana, Nandivardhana (7 bhumis), Hamsa, Vrusha-fulfills all desires, Suvarnesha, Padmaka (3 bhumis), Samudgaka (5 amalakas, 16 sided , rear chandrashalas, 2 bhumis), Sarvatobhadra (16 sides , many spires , associated with chitrashalas, 5 bhumis), Gaja (shape of an elephant , many chandrashalas) Mrigaraja ( many spires, 6 bhumis), Garuda (Spread out towards the rear, three chandrashalas, 7 bhumis) and Shri Vrukshaka (similar to Padmaka).The text also describes the building of Temple Toranas which were to be constructed with stone, bricks or wood. Toranas were also used in the Buddhist and Jaina architecture as well as the gateways to cities. Heights of the different prasadas in hastas have been given in this particular text. The text also puts across the details of various mandapas of prasadas are given. Some of these mandapas are- Pushpaka, Pushpabhadra, Suvrata, Amruta Nandana, Kaushalya, Gajabhadra, Jayavaha, Shrivatsa, Vijaya, Shatrumardana, Sugriva, Harit, Shyamabhadra, Subhadra etc.
=== Agni Purana (अग्नि पुराणम्) ===
The Agni Purana believes that a temple should be constructed with a lot of precision and care. and moreover a lot of things should be kept in mind while erecting the structure of a temple.Lord Agni has described in a perfect manner the Vastu that is involved in the construction of a temple. Adhyaya ninety three of the Purana gives an account of the temple Vastu. The plot of land on which the divine edifice will be erected should be square in shape and should be divided into sixty-four rectangular chambers. Poles of Bamboo should be driven into the four cardinal points of the ground and the strings should be laid down across the eight angular points thereof. The gods respectively occupying the two and six chambers of the ground should be jointly worshipped with the Vastudevata. At the time of worship, the preceptor should meditate upon the Vastudevata in the sacrificial fire receptacle.
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