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The method of clinical examination of patient in  Ayurveda is known as Dashavidha pariksha. Since this method of examination has 10 criteria based on which the examination is conducted, it is known as Dashavidha (dasha- 10 , vidha- types/folds) pariksha (examinaiton).  

The method of clinical examination of patient in  Ayurveda is known as Dashavidha pariksha (दशविधपरीक्षा). Since this method of examination has 10 criteria based on which the examination is conducted, it is known as Dashavidha (dasha/दश - 10 , vidha/ विध- types/folds) pariksha (परीक्षा examination).  

== Introduction ==

== परिचयः Introduction ==

Pariksha means examination or inspection and dashavidha means ten kind or fold or ten methods, thus dashavidha pariksha means ten methods of examination of the patient.

Pariksha (परीक्षा) means examination or inspection and dashavidha (दशविध) means ten kind or fold or ten methods, thus dashavidha pariksha means ten methods of examination of the patient.

Dashavidha pariksha precisely falls under the category of Ayurvedic diagnosis and more specifically it is a tool for diagnosis. There are few other kinds of examination techniques mentioned in Ayurvedic treatises like ashtavidha pariksha(eight fold examination of patient),trividha pariksha(three fold examination of patient) etc. which are isolated concepts and foundations of clinical assessment in Ayurveda.

Dashavidha pariksha precisely falls under the category of Ayurvedic diagnosis and more specifically it is a tool for diagnosis. There are few other kinds of examination techniques mentioned in Ayurvedic treatises like ashtavidha pariksha (अष्टविधपरीक्षा eight fold examination of patient), trividha pariksha (त्रिविधपरीक्षा three fold examination of patient) etc. which are isolated concepts and foundations of clinical assessment in Ayurveda.

Examination of the patient is the primary aspect of initiating treatment in any patient. Clinical examination of the patient plays a significant part in diagnosis of the disease and only a skilled and well versed vaidya or a physician is capable of attaining desired results with correct application of pariksha methods. (Char.sutr.20.20-22)                                                          

Examination of the patient is the primary aspect of initiating treatment in any patient. Clinical examination of the patient plays a significant part in diagnosis of the disease and only a skilled and well versed [[vaidya (वैद्यः)]]  or a physician is capable of attaining desired results with correct application of pariksha methods. <ref>Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 20 Sutra 20-22)</ref>                                                          

== Necessity of Pariksha (examination) ==

== परीक्षाप्रयोजनम् Necessity of examination ==

According to Acharya Charaka in Vimana Sthana examination of patient is necessary for आयुषःप्रमाण meaning for understanding the life span of an individual, degree of strength of the patient and strength of the disease. The strength of any individual or patient determines the dosage and the potency of the medication to be prescribe. The chikitsa (treatment) method like need of surgery, Panchakarma etc. also depend upon the status of the patient evaluated through pariksha. Thus a thorough examination of prakrti (body type), vikrti (disease), saara(essence of dhatu) etc. is essential in Ayurveda.(char.vima.8.94)  

According to Acharya Charaka in Vimana Sthana examination of patient is necessary to know aayushpramana (आयुषःप्रमाण) meaning for understanding the life span of an individual as well as degree of strength of the patient and strength of the disease. The strength of any individual or patient determines the dosage and the potency of the medication to be prescribe. The [[Chikitsa (चिकित्सा)|chikitsa (चिकित्सा]] treatment) modality like need of surgery, Panchakarma etc. selection also depend upon the status of the patient evaluated through pariksha. Thus a thorough examination of [[Prakrti (प्रकृतिः)|prakrti]] ( प्रकृतिः body type), vikrti (विकृतिः disease), sara (सारम् essence of dhatu) etc. is essential in [[Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदः)|Ayurveda]]. <ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sutra 94)</ref>

== Dashavidha pariksha methods ==

== दशविधपरीक्षापद्धतिः Dashavidha pariksha methods ==

तस्मादातुरंपरीक्षेतप्रकृतितश्च, विकृतितश्च, सारतश्च, संहननतश्च, प्रमाणतश्च, सात्म्यतश्च, सत्त्वतश्च, आहारशक्तितश्च, व्यायामशक्तितश्च, वयस्तश्चेति, बलप्रमाणविशेषग्रहणहेतोः||(char.vima.8.94)

The 10 criteria for clinical assessment of a patient are listed under dashavidha pariksha or 10 fold clinical examination. The 10 criteria are as follows,<blockquote>तस्मादातुरंपरीक्षेतप्रकृतितश्च, विकृतितश्च, सारतश्च, संहननतश्च, प्रमाणतश्च, सात्म्यतश्च, सत्त्वतश्च, आहारशक्तितश्च, व्यायामशक्तितश्च, वयस्तश्चेति, बलप्रमाणविशेषग्रहणहेतोः|| (Char. Vima. 8.94)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>Meaning: Therefore to know the strength and overall health of a patient, clinically examine a patient on the basis of criteria like- Prakruti (प्रकृतिः), Vikruti (विकृतिः), Sara (सारः), Samhanana (संहननम्), Pramana (प्रमाणम्), Satmya (सात्म्यम्), Satva (सत्वम्), Aharashakti (आहारशक्तिः), Vyayamashakti (व्यायामशक्तिः) and Vaya (वयः).

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

|Dashavidha Pariksha Components

|'''Dashavidha Pariksha Components'''

|Artha(meaning)

|'''Artha(meaning)'''

|-

|-

|''Prakrti''

|'''Prakrti'''

|Body type or Expression of an individual

|Body type or constitution of an individual

|-

|-

|''Vikrti''

|'''Vikrti'''

|Examination of strength of disease

|Assessment of the existing ailment in the person

|-

|-

|''Saara''

|'''Saara'''

|The essence of the dhatus/body tissues

|The quality and strength of the dhatus/body tissues

|-

|-

|''Samhanana''  

|'''Samhanana'''

|The muscularity or built of an individual

|The tone of muscles/muscularity or built of an individual

|-

|-

|''Pramana''  

|'''Pramana'''

|Bodily measurements or anthropometrics

|Bodily measurements or anthropometrics

|-

|-

|''Satmya''  

|'''Satmya'''

|Habituation or a certain long term habit

|Habituation, diet and lifestyle or a certain long term habit/addiction etc

|-

|-

|''Satva''  

|'''Satva'''

|Examination of mental strength

|Examination of mental strength

|-

|-

|''Aaharashakti''  

|'''Aaharashakti'''

|Ability to ingest food

|Ability to ingest food

|-

|-

|''Vyayama Shakti''

|'''Vyayama Shakti'''

|Ability to work or exercise capability or  examination of physical strength.

|Ability to work or exercise capability or  examination of physical strength.

|-

|-

|''Vaya''

|'''Vaya'''

|Consideration of age.

|Consideration of age

|}

|}

These are the components of examination of any patient according to Ayurveda. These tools help vaidya or physician to not just diagnose but have a deeper understanding of the health status of the patient and disease as well.

These are the components of examination of any patient according to Ayurveda. These tools help vaidya or physician to not just diagnose but have a deeper understanding of the health status of the patient and disease as well. Each of these factor has some effect on health and life of a patient in general as per Ayurveda. The dynamics of these are responsible for deciding the fate of any illness, recovery, strength and health of an individual.  

Dashavidha pariksha described in Vagbhata

=== Dashavidha pariksha described in Vagbhata ===

दूष्यं देशं बलं कालमनलं प्रकृतिं वयः|

सूक्ष्मसूक्ष्माः समीक्ष्यैषां दोषौषधनिरूपणे| यो वर्तते चिकित्सायां न स स्खलति जातुचित्||६८|| (Asht. Hrud. Sutra. 12.67-8)<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/ehrudayam/?mod=read&h=jAtucit Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 12 Sutra 67-68)]</ref>   </blockquote>Meaning: The one (Vaidya) who makes the diagnosis and starts the treatment after considering detail evaluation of factors like Dushya (दूष्यम्), Desha (देशम्), [[Balam (बलम्)|Bala (बलम्)]], Kala (कालम्), [[Agni in Ayurveda (आयुर्वेदे अग्निः)|Anala (अनलम्)]], [[Prakrti (प्रकृतिः)|Prakruti (प्रकृतिः)]], Vaya (वयः), [[Manas (मनः)|Satva (सत्वम्)]], Satmya (सात्म्यम्), [[ahara (आहारः)]] and stage of disease, never fails in his efforts / succeeds.

=== Prakriti Pariksha ===

 

 

यो वर्तते चिकित्सायां न स स्खलति जातुचित्||६८|| (Asht. Hrud. Sutra. 12.67-8)<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam ([http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/ehrudayam/?mod=read&h=jAtucit Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 12 Sutra 67-68)]</ref>

 

=== 1.    Prakriti Pariksha ===

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