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Line 19: − The year according to Ayurveda is divided into two periods Ayana (अयनम्। solstice) depending on the direction of movement of sun. Each is formed of three Rtus (ऋतुः। season). Thus, A year consists of six seasons <ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sootram 7])</ref> as listed below,+ Line 66:
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Ayurveda has put forward various guidelines and regimens encompassing components like diet and lifestyle to help people acclimatize to seasonal enforcement easily. This helps individuals to maintain homeostasis of internal environment of their body despite fluctuating external climatic conditions. These guidelines and seasonal regimens are known as ‘Rtucharya’ (Samskrit: ऋतुचर्या). Observance of such behavior, lifestyle and dietary modifications is immensely useful in preventing diseases which might develop due to seasonal variations and individual's poor immunity. Naturally, Rtucharya forms integral part of preventive healthcare described in Ayurveda and is one of the exclusive subjects in this traditional system of medicine. Main theme of this topic is to make people aware concerning the methods to live in accordance with the environment.
Ayurveda has put forward various guidelines and regimens including diet and lifestyle components to acclimatize to seasonal enforcement easily. This helps individuals to maintain homeostasis of internal environment of body, despite fluctuating external climatic conditions. These guidelines and seasonal regimens are known as ‘Rtucharya’ (Samskrit: ऋतुचर्या). Observance of such behavior, lifestyle and dietary modifications is immensely useful in preventing diseases which might develop due to seasonal variations and individual's poor immunity. Naturally, Rtucharya forms integral part of preventive healthcare described in Ayurveda and is one of the exclusive subjects in this traditional system of medicine. Main theme of this topic is to make people aware concerning the methods to live in accordance with the environment.
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
== परिचयः ॥ Introduction ==
== ऋतुसात्म्यस्य उपयोगित्वम् ॥ Practical utility of observing Rtucharya ==
== ऋतुसात्म्यस्य उपयोगित्वम् ॥ Practical utility of observing Rtucharya ==
Acharya Charaka has said that, diet and daily activities of an individual are responsible to maintain or disturb the internal balance of bodily elements. Thus, if one can modify diet and lifestyle or activities according to changes in external environment, one can achieve good health and wellness. <blockquote>तस्याशिताद्यादाहाराद्बलं वर्णश्च वर्धते| यस्यर्तुसात्म्यं विदितं चेष्टाहारव्यपाश्रयम्|| (Char. Samh. 5.3)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Tasyashiteeya_Adhyaya#Benefits_of_following_seasonal_regimen Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sootram 3])</ref></blockquote><blockquote>tasyāśitādyādāhārādbalaṁ varṇaśca vardhate| yasyartusātmyaṁ viditaṁ ceṣṭāhāravyapāśrayam|| (Char. Samh. 5.3)</blockquote>Meaning: A person who knows the ritusatmya (getting accustomed to suitable changes in diet and behavior according to seasons), and practices such habits accordingly, and whose diet consists of various types of food articles (with properties such as ''ashita'', ''pitta lidha'' , and ''khadita''), has his strength and luster enhanced, and he leads a healthy, long life.
Acharya Charaka has said that, diet and daily activities of an individual are responsible to maintain or disturb the internal balance of bodily elements. Thus, if one can modify diet and lifestyle or activities according to changes in external environment, one can achieve good health and wellness. <blockquote>तस्याशिताद्यादाहाराद्बलं वर्णश्च वर्धते| यस्यर्तुसात्म्यं विदितं चेष्टाहारव्यपाश्रयम्|| (Char. Samh. 5.3)<ref>Charaka Samhita ([http://www.carakasamhitaonline.com/mediawiki-1.28.2/index.php?title=Tasyashiteeya_Adhyaya#Benefits_of_following_seasonal_regimen Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sootram 3])</ref>
tasyāśitādyādāhārādbalaṁ varṇaśca vardhate| yasyartusātmyaṁ viditaṁ ceṣṭāhāravyapāśrayam|| (Char. Samh. 5.3)</blockquote>Meaning: A person who knows the ritusatmya (getting accustomed to suitable changes in diet and behavior according to seasons), and practices such habits accordingly, and whose diet consists of various types of food articles (with properties such as ''ashita'', ''pitta lidha'' , and ''khadita''), has his strength and luster enhanced, and he leads a healthy, long life.
== व्युत्पत्तिः॥ Etymology ==
== व्युत्पत्तिः॥ Etymology ==
== ऋतुविभागाः॥ Classification of season ==
== ऋतुविभागाः॥ Classification of season ==
According to Ayurveda, the year is divided into two periods Ayana (अयनम्। solstice) depending on the direction of movement of sun. Each is formed of three Rtus (ऋतुः। season). Thus, A year consists of six seasons <ref name=":0">Sushruta Samhita ([http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/esushruta/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sootram 7])</ref> as listed below,
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Classification of Seasons in a year
|+Classification of Seasons in a year
At the time of Dakshinayana (दक्षिणायनम्) period, when cool sets, and due to which anabolic activity dominates over the catabolic activity in the environment, the strength of person enhances.<ref name=":0" />
At the time of Dakshinayana (दक्षिणायनम्) period, when cool sets, and due to which anabolic activity dominates over the catabolic activity in the environment, the strength of person enhances.<ref name=":0" />
== Months of Hindu calendar 2 lists of seasons ==
As per Hindu calendar in Bharata, for every 2 months there is one season. Therefore for 12 months there are 6 seasons. However the seasons are listed with little variation in the names in 2 different cases. The list of season and months in Hindu calendar is given below,
{| class="wikitable"
|+Hindu calendar months and corresponding Rtus / seasons of the year
!No.
!Rtu list 1
!Hindu calendar months
!Rtu list 2
!Hindu calendar months
!Corresponding season
|-
|1
|'''Shishira (शिशिरः)'''
|Magha, Phalguna
|'''---'''
| ---
|Winter
|-
|2
|'''Vasanta (वसंतः)'''
|Chaitra, Vaishakha
|'''Vasanta (वसंतः)'''
|Falguna (फाल्गुन), Chaitra (चैत्रः)
|Spring
|-
|3
|'''Grishma (ग्रीष्मः)'''
|Jyeshtha, Ashadha
|'''Grishma (ग्रीष्मः)'''
|Vaishakha (वैशाखः), Jyeshtha (ज्येष्ठः)
|Summer
|-
|4
|'''---'''
| ---
|'''Pravrt / Pravrush (प्रावृट्/प्रावृष्)'''
|Ashadha (आषाढः), Shravana (श्रावणः)
|Early Monsoon
|-
|5
|'''Varsha (वर्षा)'''
|Shravana, Bhadrapada
|'''Varsha (वर्षा)'''
|Bhadrapada (भाद्रपदः), Ashvin (अश्विन्)
|Monsoon
|-
|6
|'''Sharad (शरदः)'''
|Ashvin, Kartika
|'''Sharad (शरदः)'''
|Kartika (कार्तिक), Margashirsha (मार्गशीर्ष)
|Autumn
|-
|7
|'''Hemanta (हेमंतः)'''
|Margashirsha, Pausha
|'''Hemanta (हेमंतः)'''
|Pausha (पौष), Magha (माघ)
|Winter or late autumn
|}
As per the opinion of acharya Kashyapa, season counting and variations in it are dependent upon which part of the Bharata have they been counted. He says that on the south of the river ganga the rains stretch for a longer period during the year while in the northen part of river ganga, the winter extends for a longer period than rains. Therefore in south India the season are counted in a different way than seasons in the north India.<blockquote>संज्ञाभेदं च देशभेदेनाह काश्यपः-"भूयो वर्षति पर्जन्यो गङ्गाया दक्षिणे तटे| अतः प्रावृट् च वर्षाश्च ऋतू तत्र प्रकल्पितौ|| तस्या एवोत्तरे देशे हिमवद्विन्ध्यसङ्कुले| भूयः शीतमतस्तत्र हेमन्तशिशिरावुभौ||" इति| दक्षिणदेशीयैर्वृष्टिसंबन्धिनोर्द्वयोः प्रावृड्वर्षाख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याच्छीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोः शरद्धेमन्ताख्यत्वं कृतम्| उत्तरदेशीयैस्तु शीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्हेमन्तशिशिराख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याद्वृष्टिसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्वर्षाशरत्संज्ञत्वं कृतमित्यर्थः| वृष्टिशीतबाहुल्योपन्यासस्तत्रान्वर्थसंज्ञार्थः , न च संज्ञासङ्करे लक्षणसङ्करः, दोषाणां दोषधातुमलसंज्ञावत्|</blockquote>
== ऋतुसन्धिः ॥ Transition zone between 2 Rtus ==
== ऋतुसन्धिः ॥ Transition zone between 2 Rtus ==
== Rtu Haritaki ==
== Rtu Haritaki ==
This is one the specialty topic from [[Bhavaprakasha Samhita (भावप्रकाश संहिता)|Bhavapraksha samhita]] of [[Laghutrayee (लघुत्रयी)|Laghutrayee]]. While describing the properties of Haritaki (''Terminalia chebula'') Acharya Bhavamishra has thrown light on utility of this single multipurpose herb in all seasons to gain [[Rasayana (रसायनम्)|Rasayana]] effect. This single herb when taken with various adjuvants suggested after considering the seasonal dosha dominance, can show rejuvenating effect. The adjuvant to be taken with Haritaki, as per the Rtu (seasons) is listed below,
This is one the specialty topic from [[Bhavaprakasha Samhita (भावप्रकाश संहिता)|Bhavapraksha samhita (भावप्रकाश संहिता)]] of [[Laghutrayee (लघुत्रयी)]]. While describing the properties of Haritaki (''Terminalia chebula'') Acharya Bhavamishra has thrown light on utility of this single multipurpose herb in all seasons to gain [[Rasayana (रसायनम्)]] effect. This single herb when taken with various adjuvants suggested after considering the seasonal dosha dominance, can show rejuvenating effect. The adjuvant to be taken with Haritaki, as per the Rtu (seasons) is listed below,
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Rtu Haritaki
|+Rtu Haritaki
!Adjuvant for Haritaki
!Adjuvant for Haritaki
|-
|-
|Varsha
|Varsha (वर्षा)
|Saindhava
|Saindhava (सैन्धवम्)
|-
|-
|Sharad
|Sharad (शरदः)
|Sharkara
|Sharkara (शर्करा)
|-
|-
|Hemant
|Hemant (हेमन्तः)
|Shunthi
|Shunthi (शुण्ठी)
|-
|-
|Shishir
|Shishir (शिशिरः)
|Pippali
|Pippali (पिप्पली)
|-
|-
|Vasant
|Vasant (वसन्तः)
|Madhu
|Madhu (मधु)
|-
|-
|Grishma
|Grishma (ग्रीष्मः)
|Guda
|Guda (गुड)
|}
|}
The dosage of haritaki, time of consumption and other individual specific administration details should be obtained from a qualified [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]] after complete evaluation of [[Prakrti (प्रकृतिः)|Prakrti]] and [[Roga (रोगः)|Roga]].
The dosage of haritaki, time of consumption and other individual specific administration details should be obtained from a qualified [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]] after complete evaluation of [[Prakrti (प्रकृतिः)|Prakrti]] and [[Roga (रोगः)|Roga]].