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# [[Pre-natal Samskaras (जन्मात्पूर्वसंस्काराः)|The Pre-natal Samskaras (जन्मात्पूर्वसंस्काराः)]] - Garbhadhana (गर्भाधानम्), Pumsavana (पुंसवनम्) and Simantam (सीमन्तः)
# [[Pre-natal Samskaras (जन्मात्पूर्वसंस्काराः)|The Pre-natal Samskaras (जन्मात्पूर्वसंस्काराः)]] - Garbhadhana (गर्भाधानम्), Pumsavana (पुंसवनम्) and Simantam (सीमन्तः)
# The [[Childhood Samskaras (बाल्यावस्थे संस्काराः)]] - Jatakarma, Namakarana, Annaprasana, Chaulam are generally mentioned under the sixteen samskaras. There are others such as Nishkramana (First Outing), and Karnavedha (Boring the ear) samskaras which are performed in childhood.
# The [[Childhood Samskaras (बाल्यावस्थे संस्काराः)]] - Jatakarma, Namakarana, Annaprashana, Chaulam are generally mentioned under the sixteen samskaras. There are others such as Nishkramana (First Outing), and Karnavedha (Boring the ear) samskaras which are performed in childhood.
# The [[Educational Samskaras (विद्याभ्याससंस्काराः)]] - Upanayana or Vratadesha, Vedarambha, Keshanta, Samavartana, Upakarma etc fall into this category of samskaras.
# The [[Educational Samskaras (विद्याभ्याससंस्काराः)]] - Upanayana or Vratadesha, Vedarambha, Vedavratas, Keshanta, Samavartana, Upakarma etc fall into this category of samskaras.
# The Marriage Samskara (विवाहसंस्कारः) - Vivaha
# The Marriage Samskara (विवाहसंस्कारः) - Vivaha
# The Funeral Samskara (अन्त्येष्टिसंस्कारः) - Antyeshti
# The Funeral Samskara (अन्त्येष्टिसंस्कारः) - Antyeshti
# [[Jatakarma (जातकर्म)|जातकर्म॥ Jatakarma]]
# [[Jatakarma (जातकर्म)|जातकर्म॥ Jatakarma]]
# [[Namakaranam (नामकरणम्)|नामकरणम्॥ Namakarana]]
# [[Namakaranam (नामकरणम्)|नामकरणम्॥ Namakarana]]
# [[Annaprasanam (अन्नप्रासनम्)|अन्नप्रासनम्॥ Annaprasana]]
# [[Annaprashana (अन्नप्राशनम्)|अन्नप्राशनम्॥ Annaprashana]]
# [[Chaulam (चौलम्)|चौलम्॥ Chaulam]]
# [[Chaulam (चौलम्)|चौलम्॥ Chaulam]]
# [[Upanayana (उपनयनम्)|उपनयनम् ॥ Upanayana]]
# [[Upanayana (उपनयनम्)|उपनयनम् ॥ Upanayana]]
=== Ayurveda's Perspective ===
=== Ayurveda's Perspective ===
Ayurveda treatises have described the technical procedures done under Samskaras. They have primarily focused on the health benefits of samskaras. One can find details of the procedures performed under Samskaras in Ayurveda samhitas. These techniques, methods and details are designed with an aim of enabling the person undergoing samskaras to adopt to the new upcoming phase of the life. Since Ayurveda considers any person as not just a physical body but a union of body-mind and life energy, the processes have been planned and designed considering all the 3 components. For example, a newborn baby struggles to adjust from intra-uterine to the extrauterine life immediately after birth. Therefore under [[Jatakarma (जातकर्म)|Jatakarma Samskara]], Acharya Charaka and Sushruta discuss about the ways for initial stabilization of a baby. Some of the procedures discussed under [[Jatakarma (जातकर्म)|Jatakarma samskara]] in [[Charaka Samhita (चरक संहिता)|Charaka Samhita]] and [[Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता)|Sushruta Samhita]] are similar to neonatal resuscitation interventions performed at the time of birth to support the establishment of breathing and circulation of a newborn. Most of the samskaras performed in prenatal period comprise of using specific herbs or procedures to promote the wellbeing of a baby in womb, prevent pregnancy related complications and to get a superior quality progeny. A systematic and scientific way of introducing new things in the world to the child has been proposed in [[Annaprasanam (अन्नप्रासनम्)|Annaprasana Samskara]]. Ayurveda acharyas have clearly described which types of foods should be introduced and what should be the sequence etc. Thus Ayurveda looks at samskaras as the procedures that will enable that individual develop necessary qualities to adopt to the new phase of life or changes that are going to happen for the 1st time in the life.
Ayurveda treatises have described the technical procedures done under Samskaras. They have primarily focused on the health benefits of samskaras. One can find details of the procedures performed under Samskaras in Ayurveda samhitas. These techniques, methods and details are designed with an aim of enabling the person undergoing samskaras to adopt to the new upcoming phase of the life. Since Ayurveda considers any person as not just a physical body but a union of body-mind and life energy, the processes have been planned and designed considering all the 3 components. For example, a newborn baby struggles to adjust from intra-uterine to the extrauterine life immediately after birth. Therefore under [[Jatakarma (जातकर्म)|Jatakarma Samskara]], Acharya Charaka and Sushruta discuss about the ways for initial stabilization of a baby. Some of the procedures discussed under [[Jatakarma (जातकर्म)|Jatakarma samskara]] in [[Charaka Samhita (चरक संहिता)|Charaka Samhita]] and [[Sushruta Samhita (सुश्रुतसंहिता)|Sushruta Samhita]] are similar to neonatal resuscitation interventions performed at the time of birth to support the establishment of breathing and circulation of a newborn. Most of the samskaras performed in prenatal period comprise of using specific herbs or procedures to promote the wellbeing of a baby in womb, prevent pregnancy related complications and to get a superior quality progeny. A systematic and scientific way of introducing new things in the world to the child has been proposed in [[Annaprashana (अन्नप्राशनम्)|Annaprashana Samskara]]. Ayurveda acharyas have clearly described which types of foods should be introduced and what should be the sequence etc. Thus Ayurveda looks at samskaras as the procedures that will enable that individual develop necessary qualities to adopt to the new phase of life or changes that are going to happen for the 1st time in the life.
== Constituents of Samskaras ==
== Constituents of Samskaras ==
vedādhītyadhikārasya siddhirṛṣibhirīritā। devapitrarṇāpagamaḥ vivāhasya phalaṃ smṛtam॥</blockquote>Meaning : Niṣeka and Garbhadhana (both mean the same – the first physical union of wife and husband) would remove the impurities related to sperm, blood and cleanses the womb. Puṃsavanam is for having a male child. Simantonnayana (parting) is as good as Garbhadhanam, for cleansing the womb. Jatakarma (the rite performed to a son just born) removes the unwanted affects born out of consumption of the water of the womb by the child.
vedādhītyadhikārasya siddhirṛṣibhirīritā। devapitrarṇāpagamaḥ vivāhasya phalaṃ smṛtam॥</blockquote>Meaning : Niṣeka and Garbhadhana (both mean the same – the first physical union of wife and husband) would remove the impurities related to sperm, blood and cleanses the womb. Puṃsavanam is for having a male child. Simantonnayana (parting) is as good as Garbhadhanam, for cleansing the womb. Jatakarma (the rite performed to a son just born) removes the unwanted affects born out of consumption of the water of the womb by the child.
Namakarana (naming a child) is for increased longevity and brightness and to pronounce name during rites as well as mundane day to day transactions. Annaprāśana (feeding rice for the first time) purifies the child from the defects of eating the bad material while in the womb. Chudakarma (cutting of hair on the head for the first time) is meant for increased strength, longevity and brightness. Upanayanam is for attaining Dvijatva (second birth) that is essential to get eligibility to learn Veda and perform different rites. The four Vedavratas, viz. Agneya, Saumya, Vaisvadeva and Prajapatya are performed before the beginning of the learning of Veda for injecting more power into the Veda that is learnt. Vivaha (marriage) is for paying back the debt of deities and pitrs.
Namakarana (naming a child) is for increased longevity and brightness and to pronounce name during rites as well as mundane day to day transactions. Annaprāśana (feeding rice for the first time) purifies the child from the defects of eating the bad material while in the womb. Chudakarma (cutting of hair on the head for the first time) is meant for increased strength, longevity and brightness. Upanayanam is for attaining Dvijatva (second birth) that is essential to get eligibility to learn Veda and perform different rites. The four [[Vedavratas (वेदव्रतानि)|Vedavratas]], viz. Agneya, Saumya, Vaisvadeva and Prajapatya are performed before the beginning of the learning of Veda for injecting more power into the Veda that is learnt. Vivaha (marriage) is for paying back the debt of deities and pitrs.
=== Ayurveda's Understanding ===
=== Ayurveda's Understanding ===
The Samskaras from Jatakarma to Chudakarma are to be performed in the case of a male child of Dvijas, viz. Brahmanas, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas. In the case of the female child of a Dvija, only marriage (Vivaha) has to be performed with Vedamantras. Samskaraprakasa rules that there cannot be any Samskara for a Klība (impotent child).
The Samskaras from Jatakarma to Chudakarma are to be performed in the case of a male child of Dvijas, viz. Brahmanas, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas. In the case of the female child of a Dvija, only marriage (Vivaha) has to be performed with Vedamantras. Samskaraprakasa rules that there cannot be any Samskara for a Klība (impotent child).
Nirṇayasindhu, by quoting Smrtis, says that Shudras are entitled to perform six Samskaras, viz. Jatakarma, Namakaranam, Niskramanam (bringing the child into sunshine for the first time), Annaprasanam, Chuda and Vivaha and the daily Panchamahayajnas (Devayajñaḥ, Pitṛyajñaḥ, Bhūtayajñaḥ, Manuṣyayajñaḥ and Brahmayajñaḥ). Shraddhakarma (death ceremony) and other Samskaras for Shudras have to be performed with verses from Puranas and not Vedic mantras. Varahapurana says that for a Shudra, the Brahmana can repeat the Mantras.
Nirṇayasindhu, by quoting Smrtis, says that Shudras are entitled to perform six Samskaras, viz. Jatakarma, Namakarana, Niskramana (bringing the child into sunshine for the first time), Annaprashana, Chuda and Vivaha and the daily Panchamahayajnas (Devayajñaḥ, Pitṛyajñaḥ, Bhūtayajñaḥ, Manuṣyayajñaḥ and Brahmayajñaḥ). Shraddhakarma (death ceremony) and other Samskaras for Shudras have to be performed with verses from Puranas and not Vedic mantras. Varahapurana says that for a Shudra, the Brahmana can repeat the Mantras.
== संस्कारफलम् || Effect of Samskaras ==
== संस्कारफलम् || Effect of Samskaras ==