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Line 1: + − + − + + − == Definition ==+ − Cha.sut.11.54+ − The treatment modality which is administered with the help of Mantra, Mani, Homa, Upavasa, etc as medicine is Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. It is one of the three treatment modes along with Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa and Satvaavajaya Chikitsa, which are two distinct concepts in Ayurveda+ − == Methods of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa == − तत्रदैवव्यपाश्रयंमन्त्रौषधिमणिमङ्गलबल्युपहारहोमनियमप्रायश्चित्तोपवासस्वस्त्ययनप्रणिपातगमनादि (cha.vi.8.87) − + − These are the methods in which Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is applied during the treatment of certain diseases.+ + + + + + + + Line 23:
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Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa (दैवव्यपाश्रया चिकित्सा) (view source)
Revision as of 14:06, 1 July 2022
, 14:06, 1 July 2022→Disease wise daivavyapashraya chikitsa
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Daiva vyapashrya chikitsa is an exclusive concept in Ayurveda. It refers to the type of treatment modality which encompasses various methods like chanting mantras (hymns), wearing gems, offering prayers in particular way and many such measures to get health and wellbeing. Since the modus operandi through which these measures work to cure the illness are beyond understanding of a normal human being these methods are included in one group separated from regular pharmacological treatment. Moreover, these measures are also said to be working on one's Daiva (the past life deeds/karma effects) and thus is is known as Daivavyapashraya chikitsa.
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
Daivavyapashrya chikitsa is one among three treatment modalities at a fundamental level described by Acharya Charaka. Daivavyapashraya chikitsa being foremost, followed by yuktivyapashrya and satvavajaya chikitsa (Cha.sut.11.45). in literal terms, daivavyapashraya chikitsa means spiritual therapy or divine therapy wherein there is use of mantra(chanting auspicious hymns), mani(wearing gemstones), homa(performing sacred fire ritual), etc as therapy. There are certain diseases wherein Acharyas have suggested this modality of treatment for better results like in Rajayakshma,(cha.chi.8.189) jwara(sush.ut.39).
Daivavyapashrya chikitsa is one among three treatment modalities at a fundamental level described by Acharya Charaka. Daivavyapashraya chikitsa being foremost, followed by yuktivyapashrya and satvavajaya chikitsa.<ref name=":0">Charaka Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 11 Sutra 54])</ref> In literal terms, daivavyapashraya chikitsa means divine therapy wherein there is use of mantra (chanting auspicious hymns), mani (wearing gemstones), homa (performing sacred fire ritual), etc as therapy. There are certain diseases wherein Acharyas have suggested this modality of treatment for better results like in Rajayakshma,<ref>Charaka Samhita (Chikitsasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sutra 189)</ref> jwara<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Uttaratantra Adhyaya 39)</ref> etc.
Daiva means divine and Vyapashraya means dependent on, thus the treatment mode which depends on divine therapies or spiritual therapies is known as daivavayapashrya chikitsa.
== Etymology and Definition ==
The term Daivavyapashraya can be split into 2 parts 'Daiva' and 'Vyapashraya'. <blockquote>दैवमदृष्टं तद्व्यपाश्रयं, तच्च यददृष्टजननेन व्याधिप्रत्यनीकं मन्त्रादि; यदि वा दैवशब्देन देवा उच्यन्ते, तानाश्रित्य यदुपकरोति तत्तथा; मन्त्रादयो हि देवप्रभावादेव व्याधिहराः, बल्युपहारादिप्रीताश्च देवा एव प्रभावाद्व्याधीन् घ्नन्ति| (Chakradatta Commentary on Chara. Samh 11.54)<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>
# 'Daiva' means divine or og god's/heavenly
# 'Vyapashraya' means dependent on.
Thus the treatment modality which depends on divine therapies is known as Daivavayapashrya chikitsa.<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">Charaka Samhita ([https://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/ecaraka/?mod=read Vimanasthanam Adhyaya 8 Sutra 87])</ref><blockquote>
Mantra(hymns chanting), Mani(precious stones), Mangala(performing good deeds), Bali(sacrificial rites), Upahara, Homa(auspicious fire), Niyama, Prayaschitta, Upavasa(fasting), Svastayana, Pranipaata Gamana(visiting temples or sacred places).
तत्र दैवव्यपाश्रयं- मन्त्रौषधिमणिमङ्गलबल्युपहारहोमनियमप्रायश्चित्तोपवासस्वस्त्ययनप्रणिपातगमनादि, युक्तिव्यपाश्रयं- पुनराहारौषधद्रव्याणां योजना, सत्त्वावजयः- पुनरहितेभ्योऽर्थेभ्यो मनोनिग्रहः||५४|| (Char. Samh. 11.54)<ref name=":0" /> </blockquote>The treatment modality which is administered with the help of Mantra (hymns), Mani (gemstones), Homa (sacrificial fire and oblations), Upavasa (religious fasting), etc as medicine is Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa. It is one of the three treatment modes along with Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa and Satvaavajaya Chikitsa, which are two distinct concepts in Ayurveda
== Components of Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa ==
Daivavypashraya chikitsa includes use of various different methods. Acharya Charkaa has described the few commonest methods in the sutra below,
तत्रदैवव्यपाश्रयंमन्त्रौषधिमणिमङ्गलबल्युपहारहोमनियमप्रायश्चित्तोपवासस्वस्त्ययनप्रणिपातगमनादि (Char. Samh. 8.87)<ref name=":1" />
Meaning: Daivavyapashraya chikitsa comprises of use of Mantra(hymns chanting), Mani(precious stones), Mangala(performing good deeds), Bali(sacrificial rites), Upahara, Homa(auspicious fire), Niyama, Prayaschitta, Upavasa(fasting), Svastayana, Pranipaata, Gamana(visiting temples or sacred places).
The actual meaning of these various methods included in Daivavyapashraya Chikitsa is is as belows,
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|Mantra
|Mantra
|Chanting sacred hymns
|Chanting sacred hymns. Practitioners of Sanatana dharma chant various mantras praising and describing a particular deity. A aparticular mantra chanting in a particular disease could be helpful.
|-
|-
|Mani
|Mani
|Precious stone
|Wearing precious stones/gems. The gemstones possess peculiar property of refracting, absorbing and dispersing the light rays that fall on them due to their crystal structure. This property of selective emission of light rays or energy is used for therapeutic effect. Gemology is one such branch which focuses on identifying gemstones, confirming its authenticity, evaluating the quality, determining the origin, and disclosing the treatment used for the gemstone. Gemologists incorporate gems into rituals to '''restore energy fields, gain peace, and promote love and safety'''. Some practitioners actually place gemstones on certain areas of the body to promote healing. Wearing a piece of jewelry made with a specific gem is sufficient for most people.
|-
|-
|Aushadhi
|Aushadhi
|Tying herbs
|Tying herbs. Some specific herbs when tied to a particular body part in particular situation are found to facilitate desired actions with their [[Prabhava (प्रभावः)|Prabhava]].
|-
|-
|Bali
|Bali
One has to sacrifice Snana(bath), vastra(clothes), aahara(food) as well in certain psychiatric conditions until the expected results are seen.(Asht.utt.5.22)
One has to sacrifice Snana(bath), vastra(clothes), aahara(food) as well in certain psychiatric conditions until the expected results are seen.(Asht.utt.5.22)
In the Vedic literature there are numerous prescription of sacrifice. And in some of the sacrifices animal sacrifice is also recommended. The Vedic literature lists many such animal sacrifices which reward the performer with material benedictions. During Lord Krishna’s time on earth, the great king Yudhishthira performed the sacred Ashwamedha sacrifice, which involves sacrificing a horse. Prior to that, during the Treta Yuga, the famous Maharaja Dashratha of Ayodhya also performed the sacrifice. It was performed by many kings with the idea of bestowing good karma on the king and his kingdom. So that animal sacrifice does not mean to kill the animal. Animal sacrifice means to prove the strength of Vedic hymns so that one old animal is put into the fire and he's given again a new life, renewed life, just to show the potency of the hymns, Vedic hymns. But in this age, Kali-yuga, those sacrifices are forbidden. Such sacrifice is not possible in this age because there is no brahmana qualified to carry it out. Those who are intelligent know that such a sacrifice cannot be successful in this age because no one knows the proper mantras capable of giving an old animal the body of a new animal. When an animal sacrifice is properly conducted, an old animal is sacrificed, and it emerges from the fire in a new body. These sacrifices were a means of testing the brahmanas who would preside over them, and was also a way of benefitting the animal being sacrificed. The entire purpose was aimed at providing purification.
In the Hindu faith, one must take the bad with the good, and while the Gods must be worshiped, the demons–in respect for their great power–must be placated. And the demons, the leering and fanged bhutas and kalas, have great and gross appetites.” He describes the range in magnitude of sacrifices: “Caru range from a fairly simple offering requiring the sacrifice of a single chicken, to elaborate ceremonies involving the slaughter of dozens of animals. (https://www.hinduismtoday.com/magazine/april-may-june-2012/2012-04-traditions-the-reality-of-animal-sacrifice/)
=== Homa ===
=== Homa ===
=== Oshadhi ===
=== Oshadhi ===
Binding certain medicinal plants or roots in the form of poultice or pottali around the affected part is known as oshadhi chikitsa as a part of daiva vyapashraya chikitsa.
Binding certain medicinal plants or roots in the form of poultice or pottali around the affected part is known as oshadhi chikitsa as a part of daiva vyapashraya chikitsa. Tying/possessing herbs as a preventive healthcare. ओषधीः प्रशस्ता धारयेत् <ref name=":2">Charaka Samhita (Sutrasthana Adhyaya 8 Sutra 18)</ref>
There is mention of wearing aushadhas along with mani in certain type of Jwara Roga(fever) as treatment.(cha.chi3.309)
There is mention of wearing aushadhas along with mani in certain type of Jwara Roga(fever) as treatment.(cha.chi3.309)
There also are certain therapies which mildly corelate with Daivavyapashraya chikitsa, like hypnotherapy, behavioural therapy, crystal therapy,reiki, pranic healing etc.
There also are certain therapies which mildly corelate with Daivavyapashraya chikitsa, like hypnotherapy, behavioural therapy, crystal therapy,reiki, pranic healing etc.
== Daivavyapashraya chikitsa in Preventive healthcare ==
Under Sadvrtta many measures from Daivayapashraya chikitsa have been included. This suggests the holistic approach of Ayurveda acharyas who included the measures to prevent illnesses occurring not just from present life causes but also past life deeds.
तद्ध्यनुतिष्ठन् युगपत् सम्पादयत्यर्थद्वयमारोग्यमिन्द्रियविजयं चेति; तत् सद्वृत्तमखिलेनोपदेक्ष्यामोऽग्निवेश [२] ! तद्यथा- देवगोब्राह्मणगुरुवृद्धसिद्धाचार्यानर्चयेत्, ओषधीः प्रशस्ता धारयेत्, .... होता, यष्टा, दाता, चतुष्पथानां नमस्कर्ता, बलीनामुपहर्ता, अतिथीनां पूजकः, पितृभ्यः पिण्डदः, ...(Char. Samh 8.18)<ref name=":2" />
== Disease wise daivavyapashraya chikitsa ==
== Disease wise daivavyapashraya chikitsa ==
In Jwara Roga (cha.chi.3.310-314)
Mantra Chikitsa is adopted in Vishama Jwara(a kind of fever) as a method of Divine therapy. Chanting of Vishnu Sahasranama(100 names of Vishnu in the form of mantra) is chanted for better recovery.
Prayers are also offered in the form of yajnya(sacred fire ritual) to Lord Brahma, Ashwini kumaras. Acharya Charaka explains devotion as a method of treatment towards parents and gurus as well.
Homa(sacred fire), Japa(chanting), and Niyama(discipline) are also mentioned as treatment aspects for Vishama Jwara. Also just listening to Vedas and Darshanas can treat Jwara.
सोमं सानुचरं देवं समातृगणमीश्वरम्||३१०||
सोमं सानुचरं देवं समातृगणमीश्वरम्||३१०||
ज्वराद्विमुच्यते शीघ्रं साधूनां दर्शनेन च|
ज्वराद्विमुच्यते शीघ्रं साधूनां दर्शनेन च|
In Yonivyapat (gynecological diseases) (cha.chi.30.8) (cha.chi.30.195)
In certain types of impotency mentioned b Acharya Charaka Daiva vyapashraya chikitsa (divine or spiritual therapy) methods are indicated. (cha.chi.30.195)
While describing the causes of Yonivapat or diseases of the female genital tract, Acharya Charaka mentions Daiva as a cause along with an inappropriate lifestyle and other aspects, here daiva meaning Divine is understood as destiny as well. (cha.chi.30.8) Thus, these disorders are treated with daiva yapashraya chikitsa methods.
In Rajyakshma (Disorder specific to Ayurveda)
While describing lifestyle modifications as treatment in Rajyakshma, Acharya Charaka explained the practice of Brahmacharya, daana, etc, and conducting Auspicious rites as well.
Devotion toward God, Brahmins and Vaidya is also mentioned for the complete restoration of health. (cha.chi.8.187-189)
== References ==
== References ==
[[Category:Ayurveda]]
[[Category:Ayurveda]]