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Line 72: − − == Specifications related to Pravrt rtu described in Samhitas == − Asht. Hrud. Su. 16.12 - इदानीं कस्मिन्काले कस्य स्नेहस्योपयोगः शस्त इति दर्शयन्नाह - ] - - - - तैलं प्रावृषि, वर्षान्ते सर्पिरन्यौ तु माधवे| − − Asht. Hrud. Su. 5.20 -- प्रावृष्यान्तरिक्षं जलं परं वरं-अत्यन्तं पथ्यम्| नदीसम्भवं त्वपथ्यम्| − − Asht. Hrud. Su. 3.7 - शीतेऽग्र्यं वृष्टिधर्मेऽल्पं बलं मध्यं तु शेषयोः ---- वृष्टिग़र्मे-प्रावृड्ग्रीष्मयोः, − − Asht. Hrud. Su. 13.14- commentary of arunadatta- प्रावृषि हि दोषत्रयकोप उक्तः| − − Asht. Hrud. Su. 13.34- commentary of arunadatta - प्रावृषि घनघनौषसङ्घट्टसादिते सर्वतो जगत्यवसन्नोऽग्निर्भवति| आदानदुर्बलं च शरीरं भवति| ओषधयश्च जलदजलप्लावितमूला अल्पवीर्याः सम्पद्यन्ते| भूबाष्पसंयोगाच्चौषधीनां विदग्धत्वम्| अतोऽपथ्यतां गता अयोगायैव| − − Asht. Hrud. Su. 22.21- कालीयकादयः प्रावृषि, - Mukhalepas as per the season − − A.H. Ni. 2.51- प्रावृट्सञ्चितस्य पित्तस्य , प्रावृषि प्राकृतो ज्वरो वातप्रधानः पित्तश्लेष्माणौ त्वनुबलत्वेन वातस्य स्थितौ, न तु सन्निपात इव स्वयं ज्वरकारकावित्यर्थः| − − Cha. Viman. 8.125- साधारणलक्षणास्त्रय ऋतवः- प्रावृट्शरद्वसन्ता इति| − − तत्र, वर्षास्वोषधयस्तरुण्योऽल्पवीर्या आपश्चाप्रशान्ताः <sup>[१]</sup> क्षितिमलप्रायाः, ता उपयुज्यमाना नभसि मेघावतते जलप्रक्लिन्नायां भूमौ क्लिन्नदेहानां प्राणिनां शीतवातविष्टम्भिताग्नीनां <sup>[२]</sup> विदह्यन्ते, विदाहात् पित्तसञ्चयमापादयन्ति; स सञ्चयः शरदि प्रविरलमेघे वियत्युपशुष्यति पङ्केऽर्ककिरणप्रविलायितः पैत्तिकान् व्याधीञ्जनयति | − − ता एवौषधयो निदाघे निःसारा रूक्षा अतिमात्रं लघ्व्यो भवन्त्यापश्च, ता उपयुज्यमानाः सूर्यप्रतापोपशोषितदेहानां देहिनां रौक्ष्याल्लघुत्वाच्च <sup>[४]</sup> वायोः सञ्चयमापादयन्ति; स सञ्चयः प्रावृषि चात्यर्थं जलोपक्लिन्नायां भूमौ क्लिन्नदेहानां देहिनां शीतवातवर्षेरितो वातिकान् व्याधीञ्जनयति | − − एवमेष दोषाणां सञ्चयप्रकोपहेतुरुक्तः ||११|| (Sush. SAmh. Su 6.11) − − Time of the day equivalent to the season- अपराह्णे प्रावृषः <sup>[१]</sup> , प्रदोषे वार्षिकं, एवमहोरात्रमपि वर्षमिव शीतोष्णवर्षलक्षणं दोषोपचयप्रकोपोपशमैर्जानीयात् ||१४|| -Su. Su 6.14 − + Line 114:
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→Specifications related to Pravrt rtu described in Samhitas
As per the opinion of acharya Kashyapa, season counting and variations in it are dependent upon which part of the Bharata in are they counted. He says that on the south of the river ganga the rains stretch for a longer period during the year while in the northen part of river ganga, the winter extends for a longer period than rains. Therefore in south India the season are counted in a different way than seasons in the north India. <blockquote>संज्ञाभेदं च देशभेदेनाह काश्यपः-"भूयो वर्षति पर्जन्यो गङ्गाया दक्षिणे तटे| अतः प्रावृट् च वर्षाश्च ऋतू तत्र प्रकल्पितौ|| तस्या एवोत्तरे देशे हिमवद्विन्ध्यसङ्कुले| भूयः शीतमतस्तत्र हेमन्तशिशिरावुभौ||" इति| दक्षिणदेशीयैर्वृष्टिसंबन्धिनोर्द्वयोः प्रावृड्वर्षाख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याच्छीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोः शरद्धेमन्ताख्यत्वं कृतम्| उत्तरदेशीयैस्तु शीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्हेमन्तशिशिराख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याद्वृष्टिसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्वर्षाशरत्संज्ञत्वं कृतमित्यर्थः| वृष्टिशीतबाहुल्योपन्यासस्तत्रान्वर्थसंज्ञार्थः , न च संज्ञासङ्करे लक्षणसङ्करः, दोषाणां दोषधातुमलसंज्ञावत्|</blockquote>
As per the opinion of acharya Kashyapa, season counting and variations in it are dependent upon which part of the Bharata in are they counted. He says that on the south of the river ganga the rains stretch for a longer period during the year while in the northen part of river ganga, the winter extends for a longer period than rains. Therefore in south India the season are counted in a different way than seasons in the north India. <blockquote>संज्ञाभेदं च देशभेदेनाह काश्यपः-"भूयो वर्षति पर्जन्यो गङ्गाया दक्षिणे तटे| अतः प्रावृट् च वर्षाश्च ऋतू तत्र प्रकल्पितौ|| तस्या एवोत्तरे देशे हिमवद्विन्ध्यसङ्कुले| भूयः शीतमतस्तत्र हेमन्तशिशिरावुभौ||" इति| दक्षिणदेशीयैर्वृष्टिसंबन्धिनोर्द्वयोः प्रावृड्वर्षाख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याच्छीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोः शरद्धेमन्ताख्यत्वं कृतम्| उत्तरदेशीयैस्तु शीतसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्हेमन्तशिशिराख्यत्वं कृत्वा, पारिशेष्याद्वृष्टिसम्बन्धिनोर्द्वयोर्वर्षाशरत्संज्ञत्वं कृतमित्यर्थः| वृष्टिशीतबाहुल्योपन्यासस्तत्रान्वर्थसंज्ञार्थः , न च संज्ञासङ्करे लक्षणसङ्करः, दोषाणां दोषधातुमलसंज्ञावत्|</blockquote>
== Potable water per season in Pravrt and Varsha Rtu ==
== Potable water per season in Pravrt and Varsha Rtu ==
When the man used to drink the water from the natural sources of water as it is or at least without much processing on it, keen attention was paid towards the appropriate sources of water every season to get clean and potable drinking water. With years of observation and research Ayurveda recommended the best sources of water in each as follows, <blockquote>तत्र वर्षास्वान्तरिक्षमौद्भिदं वा सेवेत, महागुणत्वात्; ............ प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति ||८|| (Sush. Samh. 45.8)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 45 Sutra 8)</ref>
When the man used to drink the water from the natural sources of water as it is or at least without much processing on it, keen attention was paid towards the appropriate sources of water every season to get clean and potable drinking water. With years of observation and research Ayurveda recommended the best sources of water in each as follows, <blockquote>तत्र वर्षास्वान्तरिक्षमौद्भिदं वा सेवेत, महागुणत्वात्; ............ प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति ||८|| (Sush. Samh. 45.8)<ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 45 Sutra 8)</ref>
Commentary- प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनवमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति अनवं पुरातनं, तच्च सारसं ताडागं वा; अनभिवृष्टमनाभसं, तच्च कौपम्| </blockquote>Under this topic, different source of water for each Pravrt and Varsha Rtu has been described by Acharya Sushruta. For Pravrt Rtu, water fetched from the well is recommended. Also the water from any source like pond or lake but which is not new or not collected from episodes of rain is recommended. Whereas, in Varsha rtu (which is believed to be the extension of the Pravrt rtu i.e. later months of rainy season) the water collected from rains or spring water can also be used which is believed to be of superior qualities.
Commentary- प्रावृषि चौण्ट्यमनवमनभिवृष्टं सर्वं चेति अनवं पुरातनं, तच्च सारसं ताडागं वा; अनभिवृष्टमनाभसं, तच्च कौपम्| </blockquote>Under this topic, different source of water for each Pravrt and Varsha Rtu has been described by Acharya Sushruta. For Pravrt Rtu, water fetched from the well is recommended. Also the water from any source like pond or lake but which is not new or not collected from episodes of rain is recommended. Whereas, in Varsha rtu (which is believed to be the extension of the Pravrt rtu i.e. later months of rainy season) the water collected from rains or spring water can also be used which is believed to be of superior qualities. <blockquote>प्रावृष्यान्तरिक्षं जलं परं वरं-अत्यन्तं पथ्यम्| नदीसम्भवं त्वपथ्यम्| (Asht. Hrud. 5.20)<ref name=":1">Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 5 Sutra 20)</ref> </blockquote>Along with the potable water, the unwholesome water to be consumed in this season is also mentioned. It is said that, the water from rivers in pravrut and varsha is best to avoid. <ref name=":1" />
== Characteristics of Pravrt Rtu अव्यापन्नप्रावृडृतुलक्षणम ==
== Characteristics of Pravrt Rtu अव्यापन्नप्रावृडृतुलक्षणम ==
Meaning: The agni becomes weak due to weakness in the entire body (dhatus) developed due to adana kala (de-energizing period statring from harsh winters to harsh summer). In Varsha or Pravrt, all the 3 doshas become vitiated due to fumes coming out from rain drops falling on the hot surface of the ground, dark, cloudy, windy climate and the sour [[Vipaka (विपाकः)|vipaka]] of the water. these vitiated doshas further vitiate already weakened agni. And due to weak agni again the doshas get vitiated. (This causes complete vicious circle which adversely affects the health and hence there are more chances to fall sick in early rainy season.) </blockquote>Therefore it is clear that in Pravrt rtu, all the 3 doshas namely vata, pitta and Kapha are vitiated and agni has become weak and vitiated as well. All these 4 are the actual governing forces of the human physiological systems and thus one has to be very cautious while taking food and following lifestyle so not to cause any added trouble to already weakened body systems.
Meaning: The agni becomes weak due to weakness in the entire body (dhatus) developed due to adana kala (de-energizing period statring from harsh winters to harsh summer). In Varsha or Pravrt, all the 3 doshas become vitiated due to fumes coming out from rain drops falling on the hot surface of the ground, dark, cloudy, windy climate and the sour [[Vipaka (विपाकः)|vipaka]] of the water. these vitiated doshas further vitiate already weakened agni. And due to weak agni again the doshas get vitiated. (This causes complete vicious circle which adversely affects the health and hence there are more chances to fall sick in early rainy season.) </blockquote>Therefore it is clear that in Pravrt rtu, all the 3 doshas namely vata, pitta and Kapha are vitiated and agni has become weak and vitiated as well. All these 4 are the actual governing forces of the human physiological systems and thus one has to be very cautious while taking food and following lifestyle so not to cause any added trouble to already weakened body systems.
तत्र, वर्षास्वोषधयस्तरुण्योऽल्पवीर्या आपश्चाप्रशान्ताः क्षितिमलप्रायाः, ता उपयुज्यमाना नभसि मेघावतते जलप्रक्लिन्नायां भूमौ क्लिन्नदेहानां प्राणिनां शीतवातविष्टम्भिताग्नीनां <sup>[२]</sup> विदह्यन्ते, विदाहात् पित्तसञ्चयमापादयन्ति; स सञ्चयः शरदि प्रविरलमेघे वियत्युपशुष्यति पङ्केऽर्ककिरणप्रविलायितः पैत्तिकान् व्याधीञ्जनयति |
ता एवौषधयो निदाघे निःसारा रूक्षा अतिमात्रं लघ्व्यो भवन्त्यापश्च, ता उपयुज्यमानाः सूर्यप्रतापोपशोषितदेहानां देहिनां रौक्ष्याल्लघुत्वाच्च <sup>[४]</sup> वायोः सञ्चयमापादयन्ति; स सञ्चयः प्रावृषि चात्यर्थं जलोपक्लिन्नायां भूमौ क्लिन्नदेहानां देहिनां शीतवातवर्षेरितो वातिकान् व्याधीञ्जनयति |
एवमेष दोषाणां सञ्चयप्रकोपहेतुरुक्तः ||११|| (Sush. Samh. Su 6.11)
|1
|1
|Doshas
|Doshas
|Vitiated especially vata
|Vitiated; Pitta accumulation, Vata aggravation
|-
|-
|2
|2
|Agni
|Agni
|Weak and vitiated
|Weak and vitiated (शीतवातविष्टम्भिताग्नीनां)
|-
|-
|3
|3
* Daytime sleeping
* Daytime sleeping
* Frequent coitus
* Frequent coitus
* New or fresh produced food grains
* New or fresh produced food grains
* cold water for drinking
* cold water for drinking
* Rain water obtained at this time is usually polluted with a lot of impurities from air and soil thus best to be avoided
* Rain water obtained at this time is usually polluted with a lot of impurities from air and soil thus best to be avoided
* Should avoid contact with outside environment and better to sleep or rest in house where there will be no exposure to direct wind
* Should avoid contact with outside environment and better to sleep or rest in house where there will be no exposure to direct wind
* Different types of arishtas, sidhu, maireyakas (old fermented alcoholic Ayurvedic medicinal preparations) once the food taken in digested well but should be avoided at night
* Different types of arishtas, sidhu, maireyakas (old fermented alcoholic Ayurvedic medicinal preparations) once the food taken in digested well but should be avoided at night
* Panchakarma procedures like Basti, abhyanga, swedana that help to reduce aggravated vata should be performed regularly.
* Panchakarma procedures like Basti, abhyanga, swedana that help to reduce aggravated vata should be performed regularly.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
प्रघर्षोद्वर्तनस्नानगन्धमाल्यपरो भवेत्| लघुशुद्धाम्बरः स्थानं भजेदक्लेदि वार्षिकम्||४०||
प्रघर्षोद्वर्तनस्नानगन्धमाल्यपरो भवेत्| लघुशुद्धाम्बरः स्थानं भजेदक्लेदि वार्षिकम्||४०||
== Specifications related to Pravrt rtu described in Samhitas ==
In Ayurveda literature, at many instances Pravrt rtu has been mentioned. It is usually to indicate a specific characteristic, diet, lifestyle or a therapy related to this rtu. Following are some specifications,
* Snehapana or snehana is one of the 6 important modalities of treatment in Ayurveda. Sneha or a fatty /unctuous substance used for snehana is selected based on the season and dosha dominance. In Pravrt rtu oil is the sneha (unctuous substance) of the choice for conducting Snehana.<ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 16 Sutra 12)</ref>
* The [[Balam (बलम्)|balam]] on individual in Pravrt season is poor. It indicates low strength, energy and immunity. <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 3 Sutra 7)</ref>
* The herbs procured in this rtu are not potent. The roots of the herbs are wet (thus cant be powdered easily) as well as low in potency. The fumes of water erupting from the shower of rains over hot surface of land are hot in nature which make the herbs growing in it vidagdha (acidic) in nature. Thus such herbs collected in pravrt rtu are of less potency and do not give sufficient results.<ref>Commentary of Arunadatta on Ashtanga Hrudayam (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 13 Sutra 34)</ref>
* In Pravrt Rtu if a person fall sick with Jwara without any apparent cause then it is called as Prakrt jwara of the season. And in this rtu the jwara is because of dominant vata followed by pitta and kapha dosha in lesser amounts. <ref>Ashtanga Hrudayam (Nidanasthanam Adhyaya 2 Sutra 51)</ref>
* Pravrt is counted as one of the sadharana rtus in a year. Sadharana indicates a season that is moderate in heat, cold and/or rains. The other 2 are Sharada and Vasanta Rtus. <ref>Charaka Samhita (Vimanasthana Adhyaya 8 Sutra 125)</ref>
* 24 hours of the day have been divided into 6 rtus of the year based on the status of outside climate in the nature at that time of the day. According to it, Th afternoon time or last watch of the day is correlated with the Pravrt rtu while the evening time is equivalent to Varsha Rtu. <ref>Sushruta Samhita (Sutrasthanam Adhyaya 6 Sutra 14)</ref> This is of great help for a [[Vaidya (वैद्यः)|Vaidya]] to assess and decide the dosha imbalances in a human body based on daily routine of the individual.
== References ==
== References ==