1,214
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 1:
Line 1: − INTRODUCTION+ − + − − + − − Line 18:
Line 15: + + + + + + + + + + − + − − − मारयन्तीति मर्माण्युच्यन्ते – Sush Shar 6/3 (dalhan teeka) − − − Meaning - Marma points are the vital points in the human body which when injured can lead to death. − + − + − + − − − + − Sush sha 6.35-36+ − − At the elemental level marma is composed of Soma (kapha-water element), maruta(vata- or air element), tej(pitta -or fire element) as tridosha and raja, satva , tamas as triguna resides along with bhuta(panchamahabhuta) and atma (soul precisely). This is precisely the reason why marma points should be protected from any injury. − − − − + − Even though the definition states that injury to a marma leads to death, but there are certain types of marma like vaiklyakara marma and rujakar marma for example wherein with right treatment of a skilled Vaidya, an individual can be saved. − + − Line 66:
Line 58: − 1. Composition of the marma (sush.sha.6.3-5)+ − + + + + + − Sira Marma (Vascular predominat) - 41+ − Snayu Marma (Ligament predominant) - 27+ + + − Asthi Marma (Bone area predominant) - 08 − Sandhi Marma (Joint area predominant) – 20 + − 2. Location of Marma (sush. shar.6.7)+ − + − Shakha gata - marmas present in Both upper and lower limbs - 44+ − + − Madhya shareera – Marmas present in thorax and abdomen (trunk region) - 26+ − − Urdhva jatrugata – marmas present in Head and neck region – 37 − − − − 3. According to effect of injury on marma − − − − − − − − − − Line 217:
Line 198: − + − − + − + − + − + − + − |- − | − | − | − | − | Line 280:
Line 254: − + Line 298:
Line 272: − + + − + − + − + − + − + Line 372:
Line 347: − Marma sthana of head and neck + − + − + − + − + − + Line 464:
Line 439: − + − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + Line 494:
Line 466: − + − − − − + − + − + − + − + Line 540:
Line 509: − + − − − + − + − + − + − + Line 593:
Line 560: − + − − − − Line 612:
Line 575: − + − + − − Line 625:
Line 586: − + − − There are few general indicators of marma abhighata or infliction to marmas which are bhrama(dizziness), pralapa(delirium), pramoha(insensibility), vicheshtana (irregular movements), murcha(giddiness), muscular laxity(looseness), severe pain, bleeding from the sthana etc. Also, Numbness of body, heaviness, cold flushes, excessive sweat, vomiting, breathlessness are few symptoms which indicate there has been a n injury to marma. − − − Importance| ''mahatva'' − Cha sidd 9.3+ − + + Line 645:
Line 602: − + − − − − Line 664:
Line 617: − + − −
no edit summary
== Introduction ==
Marma or Marma sthana or the vital points is one of the important as well as exclusive topic in Ayurveda. The importance is vast and broad spectrum when it comes to healing wounds, curing various ailments and if not protected can cause death or serious damage as well. The fundamentals of the knowledge of Marma dates to Rigveda, Upanishads, and Purana’s. The knowledge of marma was being widely used during a war, for self-defence, surgical procedures, therapeutically etc ever since the Vedic period.
Marma or Marma sthana or the vital points is one of the important as well as exclusive topic in Ayurveda. The importance is vast and broad spectrum when it comes to healing wounds, curing various ailments and if not protected can cause death or serious damage as well. The fundamentals of the knowledge of Marma dates to Rigveda, Upanishads, and Purana’s. The knowledge of marma was being widely used during a war, for self- defence, surgical procedures, therapeutically etc ever since the Vedic period.
Marma in literal translates to a vulnerable point. A spot or an area in the human body which if hit or damaged can cause death, and as part of therapy used in treatment of various ailments. Knowledge of marma is a quite distinctive aspect of therapy in not just Ayurveda Samhita’s, but in puranas, Veda’s and Upanishad’s as well.
Marma in literal translates to a vulnerable point. A spot or an area in the human body which if hit or damaged can cause death, and as part of therapy used in treatment of various ailments. Knowledge of marma is a quite distinctive aspect of therapy in not just Ayurveda Samhita’s, but in puranas, Veda’s and Upanishad’s as well.
== History|''Itihaasa'' ==
History|''Itihaasa''
Practice of marma therapy has been mentioned in various Vedic texts alongside Ayurveda.
Practice of marma therapy has been mentioned in various Vedic texts alongside Ayurveda.
There is a traditional and the oldest martial art form of India named Kalari which describes 365 marma points. The kalari warriors used this knowledge to harm their enemies. Also, they were nurtured using the same technique for healing wounds of the battle.
There is a traditional and the oldest martial art form of India named Kalari which describes 365 marma points. The kalari warriors used this knowledge to harm their enemies. Also, they were nurtured using the same technique for healing wounds of the battle.
== Nirukti ==
'''मर्म्म''', [न्] क्ली, (मृ + “सर्व्वधातुभ्यो मनिन् ।”
: उणा ० ४ । १४४ । इति मनिन् ।) स्वरूपम् ।
: तत्त्वम् । यथा, नैषधे । २ । ९ ।
: “मृगया न विगीयते नृपै-
: रपि धर्म्मागममर्म्मपारगैः ।
: स्मरसुन्दर ! मां यदत्यज
: स्तव धर्म्मः सदयो दयोज्ज्वलः ॥”
: सन्धिस्थानम् । इति लिङ्गादिसंग्रहे अमर-
: भरतौ ॥ जीवस्थानम् । इति राजनिर्घण्टः ॥ * Shabdakalpadruma Pg 641 <ref>[https://sa.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%83/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 Shabdakalpadruma Pg 641]</ref>
Definition| ''Paribhasha''
== Definition| ''Paribhasha'' ==
(Asht.hrud.sha. arundatta teeka)
* मारयन्तीति मर्माण्युच्यन्ते – Sush Shar 6/3 (dalhan teeka) Meaning - Marma points are the vital points in the human body which when injured can lead to death.
Also, if injury to marma sthana or point does not cause death, then it causes severe pain giving a person the experience of death.
* Also, if injury to marma sthana or point does not cause death, then it causes severe pain giving a person the experience of death.(Asht.hrud.sha. arundatta teeka)
* मर्माणि मांससिरास्नाय्वस्थिसन्धिसन्निपाताः; तेषु स्वभावत एव विशेषेण प्राणास्तिष्ठन्ति; तस्मान्मर्मस्वभिहतास्तांस्तान् भावानापद्यन्ते || (sush. sha .6.15)
मर्माणि मांससिरास्नाय्वस्थिसन्धिसन्निपाताः;
तेषु स्वभावत एव विशेषेण प्राणास्तिष्ठन्ति; तस्मान्मर्मस्वभिहतास्तांस्तान् भावानापद्यन्ते || (sush. sha .6.15)
A confluence of mamsa (muscles), sira (blood vessels), snayu (ligaments), asthi- sandhi (bones-joints) is known as marma sthana. These marma sthana is where prana(?) resides, thus any kind of injury or infliction will lead to death.
A confluence of mamsa (muscles), sira (blood vessels), snayu (ligaments), asthi- sandhi (bones-joints) is known as marma sthana. These marma sthana is where prana(?) resides, thus any kind of injury or infliction will lead to death.
* At the elemental level marma is composed of Soma (kapha-water element), maruta(vata- or air element), tej(pitta -or fire element) as tridosha and raja, satva , tamas as triguna resides along with bhuta(panchamahabhuta) and atma (soul precisely). This is precisely the reason why marma points should be protected from any injury. (Sush sha 6.35-36)
* दश प्राणायतनानि; तद्यथा- मूर्धा, कण्ठः, हृदयं, नाभिः, गुदं, बस्तिः, ओजः, शुक्रं, शोणितं, मांसमिति|
दश प्राणायतनानि; तद्यथा- मूर्धा, कण्ठः, हृदयं, नाभिः, गुदं, बस्तिः, ओजः, शुक्रं, शोणितं, मांसमिति|
तेषु षट् पूर्वाणि मर्मसङ्ख्यातानि||९|| cha sha 7.9
तेषु षट् पूर्वाणि मर्मसङ्ख्यातानि||९|| cha sha 7.9
Also, according to acharya Charaka there are 10 seats of prana (energy points) which are murdha(head), kantha(throat), hriday(heart), naabhi(umbilicus), guda(anus), basti(urinary bladder), ojas(?), shukra(semen), shonita(blood), mamsa(muscles) and among them the first six are the marma points.
Also, according to acharya Charaka there are 10 seats of prana (energy points) which are murdha(head), kantha(throat), hriday(heart), naabhi(umbilicus), guda(anus), basti(urinary bladder), ojas(?), shukra(semen), shonita(blood), mamsa(muscles) and among them the first six are the marma points.
* Even though the definition states that injury to a marma leads to death, but there are certain types of marma like vaiklyakara marma and rujakar marma for example wherein with right treatment of a skilled Vaidya, an individual can be saved.
Classification|''Pravibhaga''
== Classification|''Pravibhaga'' ==
There are 107 marmas described in Ayurveda. Acharya Charaka whereas gives importance to three mainly, named Murdha(head), hriday(heart), Vasti/Basti (urinary bladder).
There are 107 marmas described in Ayurveda. Acharya Charaka whereas gives importance to three mainly, named Murdha(head), hriday(heart), Vasti/Basti (urinary bladder).
Every marma has its own predominant mahabhuta, which later is essential in the treatment aspect.
Every marma has its own predominant mahabhuta, which later is essential in the treatment aspect.
=== Based on Composition of the marma (sush.sha.6.3-5) ===
Mamsa Marma (Muscle predominant) - 11
# Mamsa Marma (Muscle predominant) - 11
# Sira Marma (Vascular predominat) - 41
# Snayu Marma (Ligament predominant) - 27
# Asthi Marma (Bone area predominant) - 08
# Sandhi Marma (Joint area predominant) – 20
=== Based on Location of Marma (sush. shar.6.7) ===
# Shakha gata - marmas present in Both upper and lower limbs - 44
# Madhya shareera – Marmas present in thorax and abdomen (trunk region) - 26
# Urdhva jatrugata – marmas present in Head and neck region – 37
=== Based on effect of injury on marma ===
# Sadhya pranahara marma – leads to immediate death on injury to these marma sthana, where “sadhya” meaning instant, “prana” meaning life force or energy, and “hara” meaning lost or taken away. – 19 in number
# Kalantara pranahara marma – leads to delayed death on getting injured. Here kalantara” means delay. – 33 in number
# Vishalyaghna marma- marma injured with foreign body, when removed from the area leads to death. Here “vishalya” means foreign body – 03 in number
# Vaikalyakara Marma – leads to permanent deformity on injury. Where Vaikalya” means disability - 44 in number
# Rujakara marma – leads to severe pain when injured. here “ruja” means pain. – 08 in number
Sadhya pranahara marma – leads to immediate death on injury to these marma sthana, where “sadhya” meaning instant, “prana” meaning life forec or energy, and “hara” meaning lost or taken away. – 19 in number
Kalantara pranahara marma – leads to delayed death on getting injured. Here kalantara” means delay. – 33 in number
Vishalyaghna marma- marma injured with foreign body, when removed from the area leads to death. Here “vishalya” means foreign body – 03 in number
Vaikalyakara Marma – leads to permanent deformity on injury. Where Vaikalya” means disability - 44 in number
Rujakara marma – leads to severe pain when injured. here “ruja” means pain. – 08 in number
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|}
|}
== Marmas of upper extremity ==
Marmas of upper extremity
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|'''Name'''
|Location
|'''Location'''
|Pramana
|'''Pramana'''
|Composition
|'''Composition'''
|Mahabhuta predominance
|'''Mahabhuta predominance'''
|-
|-
|''kShipra''
|''kShipra''
|Soma
|Soma
|-
|-
|''Bahvi''
|''Bahvi''
|Mid arm
|Mid arm
|½ angula
|½ angula
|soma
|soma
|}
|}
Marmas of lower extremity
== Marmas of lower extremity ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|'''Name'''
|Location
|'''Location'''
|Pramana
|'''Pramana'''
|Composition
|'''Composition'''
|Mahabhuta
|'''Mahabhuta'''
|-
|-
|''kShipra''
|''kShipra''
|somas
|somas
|}
|}
== Marma sthana of head and neck ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|'''Name'''
|Location
|'''Location'''
|Pramana
|'''Pramana'''
|Composition
|'''Composition'''
|
|'''Mahabhuta predominance'''
|-
|-
|''Nilamanya (4)''
|''Nilamanya (4)''
|}
|}
== Marmas of the abdomen region ==
Marmas of the abdomen region
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|'''Name'''
|Location
|'''Location'''
|Pramana
|'''Pramana'''
|Composition
|'''Composition'''
|Mahabhuta predominance
|'''Mahabhuta predominance'''
|-
|-
|''Guda''
|''Guda''
|Anal region
|Anal region
|4 angula
|4 angula
|}
|}
== Marmas of the thorax region ==
Marmas of the thorax region
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|'''Name'''
|Location
|'''Location'''
|Pramana
|'''Pramana'''
|Composition
|'''Composition'''
|Mahabhuta predominance
|'''Mahabhuta predominance'''
|-
|-
|''hridaya''
|''hridaya''
|}
|}
== Marmas of back region ==
Marmas of back region
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|Name
|'''Name'''
|Location
|'''Location'''
|Pramana
|'''Pramana'''
|Composition
|'''Composition'''
|Mahabhuta predominance
|'''Mahabhuta predominance'''
|-
|-
|''Katiktaran(2)''
|''Katiktaran(2)''
|}
|}
== Measurement of marmas|''Pramana'' ==
Measurement of marmas|''Pramana''
Urvi, kurchashira, vitapa, kakshadhara, parshva and stana moola each measure 1 angula.
Urvi, kurchashira, vitapa, kakshadhara, parshva and stana moola each measure 1 angula.
Other remaining marmas measure ½ angula.
Other remaining marmas measure ½ angula.
(Here Anguli pramana is “swa anguli pramana” meaning length equal to the transverse length of one’s own middle phalanx (middle segment of bone) of middle finger.)
'''(Here Anguli pramana is “swa anguli pramana” meaning length equal to the transverse length of one’s own middle phalanx (middle segment of bone) of middle finger.)'''
== Indicators of marma sthana injury| ''marma abhighata lakshanas'' ==
Indicators of marma sthana injury| ''marma abhighata lakshanas''
When kalantara pranahara marma is afflicted, dhatu kshaya (depletion of sapta dhatus) occurs along with severe pain which further leads to death of the individual.
When kalantara pranahara marma is afflicted, dhatu kshaya (depletion of sapta dhatus) occurs along with severe pain which further leads to death of the individual.
(sush.su.25.34-35) Asht.sang.7.47
(sush.su.25.34-35)
There are few general indicators of marma abhighata or infliction to marmas which are bhrama(dizziness), pralapa(delirium), pramoha(insensibility), vicheshtana (irregular movements), murcha(giddiness), muscular laxity(looseness), severe pain, bleeding from the sthana etc. Also, Numbness of body, heaviness, cold flushes, excessive sweat, vomiting, breathlessness are few symptoms which indicate there has been a n injury to marma. (Asht.sang. Sharirs 7.47) http://vedotpatti.in/samhita/Vag/esangraha/?mod=read
The trauma or injury occurred to any part of body is comparatively less than that experienced on marma sthana, this is due to presence of Chetana (consciousness/soul) at that sthana or site.
== Importance| ''mahatva'' ==
The trauma or injury occurred to any part of body is comparatively less than that experienced on marma sthana, this is due to presence of Chetana (consciousness/soul) at that sthana or site. (Cha sidd 9.3)
Marma sthana or the vital points are to be kept intact while performing surgeries meaning they should not be injured. (sushrut Samhita 6.31)
Marma sthana or the vital points are to be kept intact while performing surgeries meaning they should not be injured. (sushrut Samhita 6.31)
The knowledge of marma is an important aspect in the study of ayurvedic anatomy or Shareera Rachana. Anatomy of marma sthana helps give a broader scope and understanding while treatment of injuries and especially surgical procedures.
The knowledge of marma is an important aspect in the study of ayurvedic anatomy or Shareera Rachana. Anatomy of marma sthana helps give a broader scope and understanding while treatment of injuries and especially surgical procedures.
== Marma and Acupressure ==
Marma and Acupressure
Acupressure is an ancient and traditional Asian healing therapy technique developed 5000 appx years ago. In this therapy specific points are applied gentle pressure to release the tension in muscles which increases circulation and relieves pain. This paves way for appropriate flow of energy in the bodily channels.
Acupressure is an ancient and traditional Asian healing therapy technique developed 5000 appx years ago. In this therapy specific points are applied gentle pressure to release the tension in muscles which increases circulation and relieves pain. This paves way for appropriate flow of energy in the bodily channels.
Therapeutic Applications
== Therapeutic Applications ==
Cha.si.9.7
Cha.si.9.7